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THAT用法总结

THAT用法总结
THAT用法总结

THAT用法总结

第一、that 用作形容词(后接复数名词时用those)

它用来指已被提到的人或物;也可表对比,指两个中较远的那个。

What about that book you borrowed from me last month?

请注意,that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。

that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子

That George!乔治那家伙!(含有轻蔑语气)

第二、that 用作代词。

1. that 用作指示代词(复数形式是those),其指代意义同形容词用法,同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词;还可为了避免重复,代替前述名词。

.that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.代替可数名词可以用the one替换.但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰.例如:

1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.(that代替不可数名词population,不可用the one替换)

2)The headteacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs.(that代替可数名词headteacher,可用the one替换)

that 代替指物的单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词,一般是特指的

those 代替指人或指物的复数名词,一般是特指的=the ones

one 代替指人或指物的单数可数名词,一般是泛指的

ones 代替指人或指物的复数名词,一般是泛指的

That is what he told me.

What is that (which) you have got in your hand?

The price of rice is higher than that of flour.

2. that 用作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物,用法相当于who或which。(但是在下列情况下多用that:先行词既有人又有物时;先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very,only等修饰时;先行词是不定代词时)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced. She has little information that is useful for our research.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

请注意,that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。

The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies.

第三、that 用作连词,引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。

1. that名词性从句。

①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。

I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.

The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough.

②引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。

That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.

(It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.)

③引导表语从句。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

④引导同位语从句。

引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的

前者只起语法作用,在从句中不作任何成分;而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明:

The news that he resigned from office surprised us.

The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus.

2. that引导状语从句

①引导目的状语从句。

Bring it nearer that I may see it better.

②引导结果状语从句。

What have I done that he should be so angry with me?

③引导原因状语从句。

I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.

④引导让步状语从句。意为―虽然、尽管‖。

Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.

⑤引导条件状语从句。意为―假使、假设‖。

Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?

On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.

第四、that用作副词。

1. that用作普通副词。

I was that/so angry I could have hit him.

2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句,可以代替when,where,why或in which,常可省略。

I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre.

The house (that)/where I used to live has been knocked down.

第五That 的固定搭配

①and all that诸如此类

----Poverty compelled him to sell his house, clothes, and all that.

②and that 而且(用来加强语气)

----They finished the work, and that in only a few days.

③at that 就这样

----They left it at that.

④for all that尽管如此

----He may have shortcomings and faults, but he is a good comrade for all that.

⑤now that 既然,由于

----You ought to write it now that you know the address,

⑥that is 那就是

---He will come back in a week, that is, in March 1.

⑦with that接着就

----With that she left the room;.

= With these words, she left the room.

⑧in that,意为―既然、因为‖。

Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.

⑨see (to it) that,意为―注意、务必做到、保证‖。

We will see to it that she gets home early.

See to it that you are not late again.

⑩ seeing that,意为―鉴于、由于‖。

Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.

Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didn't disturb him.

3、 than作关系代词时,一般用在形式为比较级的复合句中,其结构为形容词比较级(more)...than+从句,than在从句中作主语,相当于that,代表它前面的先行词。(这时,它兼有连词和代词的性质,也有学者认为这种用法的than是连词,后面省略了主语what。)

如:①The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxious than is necessary.室内游泳池过于豪华。

②He got more money than was wanted.他得到了更多的钱。

But也被看作关系代词,引导定语从句,在句中作主语,在意义上相当于who not 或that not,即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后,构成双重否定。

如:①There is no mother but loves her children.没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

②There was no one present but knew the story already.在场的人都知道这个故事。

6.(一)、当what用作连接代词,引导名词性从句时,可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句(不可引导同位语从句);它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

1、what表示―所以……的(事)‖的意思,相当于―the thing(s) that…‖、―all that…‖、―that which…‖、―everything that…‖等。例如:

(1)Leave it with me and I’ll see what I can do.(what引导宾语从句,并作do 的宾语。)

(2)What you have done might do harm to other people. (what引导主语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)

(3)What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (what引导主语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)

(4)What is most important in life isn’t money.(what引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。)

(5)But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.(what 引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)

(6)What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world. (what 引导主语从句,并在从句中作宾语。)

2、what 表示“所……的(人)”的意思,相当于“the person that…”等。例如:

(1)He is not what he used to be. (what 引导表语从句,并在从句中作表语。) (2)She is no longer what she was five years ago. (what 引导表语从句,并在从句中作表语。)

what = just as,意为―恰像,犹如,好比‖用作连词,引导比较状语从句。

?惯用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意为―A对B而言正如C对D一样‖例如:

①空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。

Air is to us What water is to fish. (介词to 表示两者的关系)

?也有―A is for B what C is for D.‖句式。例如:

②厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。

Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint.(介词for表示―供…使用‖)

? what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是:What C is to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

在这一结构中,喻体在前,主体在后,相当于―just as……,so……‖结构,意思也是―A对B而言正如C对D一样‖例如:

What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.)铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。

when、while、as 用法的区别

一。引导时间状语从句时,WHILE连接的是时间段,而WHEN连接的多是时间点

例如What does your father do while your mother is cooking?

What does your mother do when you come back?

二,WHILE可以连接两个并列的句子,而WHEN不可以

例如I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was whtching TV

三,WHEN是特殊疑问词,对时间进行提问,WHILE不是。

例如,When were you bron?

----------------------

①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间,while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如:

a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

b. They were singing while we were dancing.

④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示―在那时‖;while表示―而,却‖,表对照关系。如:

a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.

孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。

b. He is strong while his brother is weak.

他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。

when,as,while这三个词都可以引出时间状语从句,它们的差别是:when 从句表示某时刻或一段时间as 从句表示进展过程,while 只表示一段时间

When he left the house, I was sitting in the garden.

当他离开家时,我正在院子里坐着。

When he arrived home, it was just nine o'clock.

当他到家时,正是九点钟。

As he grew older, he became more intelligent.

随着他年龄的增长,他变得更有才智了。

While he was in London,he studied music.

当他在伦敦时,他学习音乐。

While she was typing the letter,the telephone rang.

当她在用打字机打那封信时,电话响了。

prefer A to B

在本句型中,A与B是平行结构,可以是名词,也可以都是动名词。例如:

I prefer dogs to cats.在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。

Most people prefer trains to buses.大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。

I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.

我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。

I prefer staying at home to going ou.我觉得在家里比出去好。

Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-music to doing it in a quiet room.

成千上万的孩子如今一边听流行音乐一边做作业,也不愿在安安静静的房间里做。

She has always preferred marking her own clothes rather than buying them in the shops.

她向来喜欢自己做衣服,而不到商店里去买衣服

6.Prefer+不定式+rather than+不定式

1) 本句型中,第一个不定式前面要加to,第二个不定式前面以不加to居多。例如:

He prefer to die rather than become traitor.她宁死也不做叛徒。

Older people often fear change. They know what they can do best. They prefer to repeat their successes rather than risk failure.

年纪大的人常常怕变化。他们知道什么最拿手,宁愿把自己成功的经验在如法炮制而不愿冒失败的危险。

She preferred to sew rather than to knit.她喜欢缝纫而不喜欢编织。

2)rather than 也可以至于句首:

Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one.

3)than后也可用动名词:

I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film.

我觉得与其去看电影倒不如呆在家里。

I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/driving all the way to your mother’s.

我觉得与其开车跑那么远的路到你母亲那里度周末,到布热在家里过更好些。

4)prefer …rather than 中的rather也可以移到第一个不定式之前(prefer rather…than),这种用法多见于书面语。例如:

He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent. 她宁可自己承担全部责任而不愿让无辜的人受到连累。

5)prefer to do A rather than do B 意义相同,试比较:

Joe prefers skating to skiing.

Joe prefer to skate rather than ski.

Bill preferred playing soccer to swimming.

Bill preferred to play soccer rather than swim.

He preferred rating a car to having one of his own.

He prefers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own.

他宁愿租车也不愿买车。

6)用prefer…rather than代替prefer…to连接名词的情形偶尔也可见到。如:

Mr. Brunner prefers chemistry rather than physics.

有人认为两者的区别是:prefer…to表示一般的倾向,prefer…rather than则表示在某种具体场合的选择。如:

What shall we have to drink, port or sherry? 我们该喝什么呢?

I should prefer port rather than sherry. 我宁愿和红葡萄酒而不合雪利酒。

7)prefer + that从句

Would you prefer that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday?

你宁愿让星期一来而不是星期二来吗

I prefer that someone else should do this.

____ is no good trying to solve the issue between the nations by means of war.

填It.It作形式主语.

表语是(of)no use,not any use,not the slightest use,no good,not much good,fun等时,常用动名词(不用不定式)做主语并后置,用it 做形式主语.

例如: It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

动名词可在there be 句型中做主语(不能用不定式),常见形式为―there is no + 动名词‖或―there is no / any + 名词+ 动名词‖.

例如:

There isn’t any use trying again.

句型是:There is + no + noun + (in) doing something.

12.集体名词作主语主谓一致

1)通常作复数的集体名词

集体名词,如:police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等,

通常作复数,用复数动词。如:

Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.

2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词

有些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。 The city council is meeting to set its agenda.

4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词

如果主语是由―a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词‖构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如:

A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.

13.现在进行时与Always连用(Using the Present Progressive with Always)

1. Mary always leaves for school at 7:45. 在指出现在某个时间的句子中,always 与连用的一般现在进行时用于描述习惯性的或日常的活动。

2. Mary is always leaving her dirty socks on the floor for me to pick up! Who does she think I am? Her maid?

3. I am always/forever/constantly picking up Mary’s dirty socks! 在特殊情况下,讲话人可以将always与现在进行时连用来抱怨,即表达恼火或生气。除always之外,forever与constantly也用于现在进行时表达恼火。现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly 等副词连用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作。这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情,如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。例如:

He is always asking questions. 他老爱提问题。

He is constantly leaving his things about. 他老是乱扔东西。

You are always saying that sort of thing. 你老爱说那样的话。

15.thanks to\due to\because of\owing to /on account of/、

非谓语动词(动名词与分词)

1、非谓语动词:是一类由动词原形演变而来的表示动作,但又不能构成谓语句子成分的词。

2、非谓语动词的分类:分词、动名词、动词不定式。

(1)动名词:其构成为动词原形ing。它的构成与现在分词完全相同,所以要从两者的用法上区别这两类词。用法:可以被用作句子主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

Eg: (1) Reading affords pleasure. (主语)

(2) The football match between Brazil and China is exciting. (表语)

(3) They enjoyed listening to pop songs very much. (宾语)

(4) My hobby, reading books in bed, remains unchanged. (同位语)

原则:动名词从字面,即语法角度讲,是名词。但是,其本质上仍然具有动作的性质。所以,当使用动名词作动词宾语且需要表达动作的施动者时,可以加上相应的所有格代词或者宾格代词;然而,当它用作句子主语时,若要体现这一点,则只能用所有格代词。

Eg: (1) His giving up smoking is encouraging. (只能用所有格代词)

(2) They enjoyed my/me good cooking. (所有格代词/宾格代词)

(2)分词:分为现在分词和过去分词两大类。现在分词在构成上与动名词完全

相同,而过去分词则在动词后面加-ed构成。同时,还必须详记一些常用的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。分词在句子中一般用作定语和状语。在详细阐述之前,必须先树立这样一个观念:现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或者完成。这一点是学习分词的根基!

(I)分词作定语:顾名思义,就是分词可以限定或者修饰名词或代词。现在开一个十分简单的例子:a working desk --- a desk for working/a working man --- a man who is/was working 显然,前这是一个动名词,后者是分词。它们同作定语,但性质不同。从中我们可以看到:凡是分词用作定语都是从定语从句转换而来。这是一个基本原则!

Eg: (1) The windows which face south are broken. ---

The windows facing south are broken.

(2) The man who is talking with the teacher is my father. ---

The man talking with the teacher is my father.

(3) The money invested in this project added up to 20 million yuan. ---

The money, which had been invested in this project,added up to 20 million yuan. (4) The meeting to be held this weekend is important. ---

The meeting, which is to be held this weekend is important.

结论1:现在分词作后置定语,表示与主句时态一致的一个经常发生的动作。

结论2:现在分词作后置定语,表示与主句时态一致的一个正在发生的动作。

结论3:过去分词作后置定语,表示被动语态。

结论4:to be 过去分词结构作后置定语,表示即将发生的行为或动作。

原则:一切分词作定语的判断标准就是以上四条,必须牢记!其中,充分体现了―现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或者完成。‖的基本思想。所以,要清楚,定语从句和分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式,本质是相同的!(II)分词作状语:与―分词作定语从定语从句转换而来‖如出一辙,分词作状语同样可以看作是从各类状语从句转换而来。分词作状语共7类,分别是:原因、结果、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状语。

Eg: (1) Lost in thought, he didn’t even hear her knocking at the door. (原因状语)

(2) He fired, killing two flying birds. (结果状语)

(3) (If) Given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)

(4) Doing his homework, the girl was listening to the pop songs. (时间状语)

(5) Gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)

(6) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语)

(7) Reading detective books, he lied in bed. (伴随状语)

原则1:由于分词作状语是从状语从句转换而来,故有时为了明确句子的具体含义,可以在从句中出现表示主从关系的连接词,往往连接词位于―分词作状语‖之前!

Eg: (1) When doing his homework, the girl was listening to her classical music. (时间状语)

(2) If given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)

(3) Although gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)

原则2:分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。这一点是最根本的原则!只有当两者一致时,分词作状语才能成立。但是,如果不一致,就不能使用分词作状

语,而要用―分词的独立主格结构‖予以代替!

Eg: (1) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语) ---

(With) the peaceful means used, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute. 分词独立主格结构,不是一个完整的句子,但却表达了一个完整的意义,大致可以分为以下两类:(1)表示逻辑关系的连接词从句主语分词。

Eg: (1) If the weather permitting, we would go outside for a picnic.

(2) After the work done, we will have a relatively long vacation.

(2)with 名词/主语分词,该结构只能用于表示原因状语!

Eg: (1) With his homework having been done, he went out for playing basketball. (2) With the bridge to be completed, the communication between the two cities will surely be strengthened.

at play 在玩

at the play 在看戏

behind time 迟到

behind the times 落在时代后

by day 在白天

by the day 按日计算

by sea 乘船

by the sea 在海边

in front of 在……(外面的)前面

in the front of 在……(内部的前面)

in charge of 看护,负责

in the charge of 由……看护,由……负责

in secret 秘密地(作状语)

in the secret 知道内情(作表语)

in course of 在……过程中(作表语/后置定语) in the course of 在……期间(作状语)

in red 穿着红衣服

in the red 负债,赤字

of age 成年

of an age (岁数)同年

on fire 着火

on the fire 在考虑中

on occasion 不时地;必要时

on the occasion 在那时

out of question 毫无疑问

out of the question 不可能

to death 十分

to the death 到最后

five of us 我们中的五人(部分)

the five of us 我们五个人(全部)

a yellow and white cat 一只黄白相间的猫

a yellow and a white cat 一只黄猫和一只白猫

in a faimly way 象一家人一样

in the family way 怀孕

die of cold 冻死

die of a cold 感冒而死

have words with 与……争吵

have a word with 与……略谈

keep house 管理家务

keep the house 守在家里

take rest 就寝

take a reat 休息一下

take place 发生

take the place of 代替

独立逐个结构.

1)名词/ 代词+ 分词

The foreign travelers had many talks with the natives, the guide act ing as an interpreter.

He being absent, nothing could be done.

The floor being wet and slippery, we stay outside.

All things considered, I think I ought to award the job to Mrs. Sm ith.

?1.独立主格结构的语法形式是:主语+非谓语动词。

?2. 非谓语动词有三种:(1)to + v.

?(2)v. –ing

?(3)v. –ed

?3. 非谓语动词的特点:

? 1) 时间关系:(1)不定式具有后时性

?(2)–ing 分词具有同时性

?(3)–ed 分词具有先时性

e.g. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

They visited Danxia Mountain yesterday, Miss Lee acting as the tou rist guide.

His work done, he went home.

2)逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系:

(1) –ing分词表主动

(2) –ed分词表被动

e.g. He being sick in bed, the team had to find a replacement.

Weather permitting, we will go picnicking this weekend.

The friendly match being over, the players of the two countries sho ok hands with each other.

All the tickets sold out, they returned home disappointed.

The dispute settled, the meeting came to an end.

His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.现在你对独立主格的结构了解多少呢?

(1) 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语

(2)弄清楚非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主被动关系

(3) 弄清楚非谓语动词与主句动词的时间关

初中英语介词用法归纳总结

初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。

use用法总结

u s e用法总结 -标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

use的用法简单归纳如下: 1. used to do sth.意为"过去常常做某事",它表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而现在已不再发生或存在。这个短语含有今昔对比之意,其否定形式常用used not to或didn't use to。反意疑问句中应该用did/didn't或used/usedn't。例如: I used to swim in this river when I was young.我年轻时常在这条河里游泳。 They used to be good friends, didn't they他们过去是好朋友,是吗? 2. be used to sth. / doing sth.意为"习惯、适应某事/做某事",它表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态,其中to是介词,后面跟名词、代词或动名词;be used可用于多种时态;如强调动作可用get或become替换be。例如: Old people are used to getting up early in the morning.老年人习惯早晨很早起床。 I wasn't used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.我以前不习惯都市生活,但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。 3. be used to do sth.意为"被用来做某事",其中use表"使用"之意,是被动语态形式,to是动词不定式符号。例如: Wood can be used to make paper.树木可以用来造纸。 4. be used for...意为"被当做……",其中use表"使用"之意,是被动语态形式。例如: The seal's fur can be used for coats.海豹皮可当做大衣用。 5. be of use意为"有用的",其中use是名词,可用形容词来修饰。例如: The dictionary is of great use to the students.这本字典对学生们很有用。 6. be in use意为"在使用",其中use也是名词。例如:

介词by用法归纳-九年级

页脚.

. . 教学过程 一、课堂导入 本堂知识是初中最常见的介词by的一个整理与总结,让学生对这个词的用法有一个系统的认识。页脚.

. . 二、复习预习 复习上一单元的知识点之后,以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目,再老师没有讲解的情况下,让学生独立思考,给出答案与解释,促进学生发现问题,同时老师也能发现学生的盲点,并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。 页脚.

. . 三、知识讲解 知识点1: by + v.-ing结构是一个重点,该结构意思是“通过……,以……的方式”,后面常接v.-ing形式,表示“通过某种方式得到某种结果”,即表示行为的方式或手段。 I practice speaking English by joining an English-language club. 我通过加入一个英语语言俱乐部来练习讲英语。 Mr Li makes a living by driving taxis.先生靠开出租车为生。 页脚.

. . 页脚. 介词by + v.-ing 结构常用来回答How do you...?或How can I...?之类的问题。 —How do you learn English? 你怎样学习英语呢? —I learn English by reading aloud. 我通过大声朗读来学英语。 —How can I turn on the computer? 我怎样才能打开电脑呢? —By pressing this button. 按这个按钮。 知识点2:by 是个常用介词,其他用法还有: 1【考查点】表示位置,意思是“在……旁边”,“靠近……”,有时可与beside互换。 The girls are playing by (beside) the lake. 女孩们正在湖边玩。 此时要注意它与介词near有所不同,即by 表示的距离更“近”。比较: He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。

学法用法工作总结

学法用法工作总结 学法用法工作总结(一) 加强依法治校,全面提高师生法制意识和学法用法自觉性是学校一项重要战略任务。近年来,我校坚持组织领导、建章立制、课内与课外、校内与校外相结合,将普法依法治理工作纳入学校重要议事日程,普法经费足额到位;结合实际,有针对性地开展学法用法活动,保证和促进了学校法制教育走上规范的管理和依法运行的轨道。 一、加强领导,形成依法治校的工作机制 组织建设是开展依法治校工作的根本保证。学校成立依法治校领导小组,由校长、党支部书记任组长,德育副校长、法制副校长任副组长,政教处、教务处、总务处、保卫科、团委负责人为成员,学校与交警队、消防队、派出所等单位建立了共建关系,保卫科负责具体抓落实工作,把依法治校工作摆上重要议事日程,做到依法治校工作与学校各项工作同计划、同实施,并把目标任务分解到各个处,确保依法治校工作齐抓、共管,各司其职、各负其责,层层抓落实的工作格局。 二、建章立制,确保依法治校的顺利实施 建章立制是落实依法治校的具体措施,依照宪法、法律、法规和规章结合学校实际情况,我校制定了一系列规章制度,如各处室管理制度、教职员工考核奖惩制度、德育规章制度等,保证学校各部门、各岗位工作有序高效运作,使学校法制管理走上了规范化、制度化轨

道。此外,学校通过板报、标语、横幅、集会、校园网、家校短信平台等形式,向全体师生和广大家长广泛宣传,在校报《校园之声》和校园广播《青春之音》上开辟专栏,进行宣传。通过广泛宣传,使“法律进校园”活动深入人心,增强了师生学法、守法的积极性和自觉性。 三、推进依法治教,构建法制校园。 我们开展“法律进校园”活动作为把依法治教、依法治校的前提,不断加大工作力度,积极实施,稳步推进。一是建立完善学校学法用法工作制度;二是加强学校领导、教职工的普法学法工作,号召全体教师自觉学法律、讲权利、讲义务、讲责任,进一步增强法制观念和法律素质。组织广大教师深入学习《宪法》、《教育法》、《教师法》、《刑法》、《治安管理处罚法》、《道路交通安全法》、《食品卫生法》等,在学法、用法和守法、护法中发挥表率作用。三是进一步建立健全符合法律法规、工作条例的学校管理制度,形成具有法治理念的校园秩序和文化氛围,使学校成为学生参与法治实践,培养法制观念,提高法制素质的重要场所。学校将管理制度汇编成册,装订成书,教师人手一册,加强了制度管理的透明度和执行的自觉性。 四、加强法制教育,普及法律知识。 1、立足课堂,充分发挥青少年法制教育主渠道作用。

(完整版)havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结

havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结 have sth. done,have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 等四种句型的区别 Thanks to: 许氏英语教学暨研究工作室 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 例:①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。 (2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与)。 例:①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必 须在星期二以前完成此项工作。 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 例:①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被(风)吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。

(4) 用于否定句中,表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例:①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例:①I had him repair my bike. (=I got him to repair my bike.)我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 (2)表示主语无意识的行为,这时“have”作“有”解。例:These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. (3)表示主语“经历”某事。 例:He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 (4)在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例:I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。(1)在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”,“让某情况发生”之意,含有动作正在进行之意。 例:①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起

超全的英语介词用法归纳总结

超全的英语介词用法归纳总结常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。 He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。

插入语用法归纳

插入语用法归纳 插入语用法很多,在句子中的位置比较灵活,在学习中应当认真去体会。大体而言,插入语可以分为以下几类: 1. 用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如: I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly. This diet, I think, will do good to your health. It won't be raining long, I hope. You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed. 2. 副词或副词短语用作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾。如: Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too. You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely. Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident. Honestly, I don't need it at the moment. 3. 介词或介词短语作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首,有时也可放在句中。如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child. By the way, Bob sends his best wishes. On the other hand, I didn't know you were there. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. 4. 分词短语作插入语。如: Judging from your accent, you must be from England. Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class. Compared with China, the USA is smaller. 5. 不定式短语作插入语。如: To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark. To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her. To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures. To conclude, it was a great success. 在日常交际用语和书面表达中,插入语频频出现。英语中的插入语(Parenthesis)是插在句子中的一个词,短语或从句,通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系,因此,有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。 插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释,说明或总结;有时表示说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。 插入语大致可分为以下10种类型: 1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语

介词的用法总结归纳

介词的用法总结归纳 一、 In 介词 prep. 1.(表示位置)在…里面; 在, 于; 在…部位上 I could feel the tension in the room.我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。 They live in France.他们住在法国。 2.(表示时间)在…时期, 在…之后, 在过程中 In her twenties and thirties she had had no difficulty getting jobs. 她在二三十岁时找工作一点也不困难。 I cannot see you now, e back in half an hour.我现在不能见你, 半小时后回来。 3.(表示方向)往…内, 朝…方向 I saw him go in the shop.我看到他走进了商店。 4.(表示状态)处于…之中, 在…情况下 Martin was in his pyjamas.马丁穿着睡衣。 They were living in terrible poverty.他们生活在极度贫困之中。 5.(表示方式)用, 以, 按, 乘, 以…形式 They were speaking in Italian.他们在讲意大利语。 They went up in the lift.他们乘电梯上楼了。

6.(表示原因)由于, 为了 He went in fear of his life.他为自己的性命担忧, 所以走了。 7.(表示领域, 范围)在…以内 It is not in my power to do that.做那事非我力所能及。 8.(表示结果)当做, 作为 What did you give him in return?你给他什么作为报答呢? 9.(表示目的)为了 They set off in search of the lost child.他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。 10.[表示职业、活动等]从事于,参加 11.[表示数量、程度、比例]按,以;从…中 12.[表示品质、能力等]在…之中;在…身上 I don't think he had it in him.我认为他没这个本事。 二、Into 介词 prep. 1.(表示时间)持续到, 进行到 The meeting carried on into the afternoon.会议一直延续到下午。 2.(表示方向)进入…中, 到…里 Anney dived into the water.安尼潜入水中。 He came into the room.他到房子里面。 3.(表示状态)进入…状态, 欠…债

Have的用法讲解

在英语单词中,have本身包含具体的词意"有",还可以用作助动词,这也是广大学生同胞们在做关于have的翻译疑问句时经常纠结的地方。更重要的是have可以和很多单词构成短语,下面我们就为同学全面归纳“have+宾语+非谓语动词”这一结构的用法。 一、have + 宾语+ 不定式 该结构中have的基本意思是“有” 1. 表示有某事要做,其中的不定式为定语。如: She didn’t have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝。 2. 表示因为有A结果发生了B,其中的不定式为结果状语。如: I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运,找他时他正在家。 二、have + 宾语+ 动词原形 该结构中的动词原形,实为省略了to的不定式,用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有: 1. 表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。如: He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的儿子擦车。 2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与won’t, can’t连用)。如:

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河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 说明1: 无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如: What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘? Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? 说明2: Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who 取代。) 说明3: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:

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near:近的,不远的 by:在...的旁边,比near的距离要近 between:在两者之间 among:在三者或者更多的之中 around:环绕,在...的周围,在....的四周 in front of:在...的前面 behind:在...后边 in:在..之内,用于表示静止的位置 into:进入 out of :和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向 along:沿着 across:横过平面物体 through:贯通,通过 to :达到..地点目的地或方向 for:表示目的,为了..... from:从...地点起 其他介词 with:和..在一起; 具有,带有; 用某种工具或方法 in:表示用什么材料例如:墨水,铅笔等或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时,不用with而用in。 by:通过...方法,手段 of:属于...的,表示...的数量或种类 from:来自某地,某人,以...起始 without:没有,是with的反义词 like :像...一样

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要求。20xx年,我时刻紧绷依法办事、遵纪守法的弦,严守底线,按规矩办事,没有出现过任何违法违规情况。 三、积极履职,办事依法 中国已经建立了较为完善的中国特色社会主义法律体系,法制基本健全,基本实现了社会生活的各个方面均有法可依。作为一名政府公职人员,更应当自觉依法办事,依法履职,切实做好本职工作,严格落实法定职责,真正依法为民服务。这一年来,我严格按照《信访条例》及各级信访工作规定办理信访案件,实现了办结率100%;严格依据《劳动合同法》、《劳动合同法实施条例》、《劳动争议调解仲裁法》、《社会保险法》、《工伤保险条例》及国家、省、成都市等各级相关规定,依法受理、依法调解、依法结案、依法移交,全年未发生重大群体性劳动纠纷,案件调解率达95%;严格依据《治安管理处罚法》和成都市关于处置突发公共事件相关规定处置突发事件,处置合法,及时有效,确保了园区社会大局稳定。

have用法小结

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英语中一些重点词的用法归纳总结

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介词for 的常见用法归纳

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英语介词的用法总结

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