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非谓语动词todo的用法小结

非谓语动词不定式（to do）的用法小结I．不定式的语法意义

1.不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。

2.没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但有时态和语态的变化。

3.仍保留动词的特征，即可有自己的宾语和状语，和他们一起构成不定式短语。

II. 不定式的否定式

not to do

III.不定式的时态和语态

1.一般式（to do/to be done）表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。

2.完成式（to have done/to have been done）表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。

3.进行式（to be doing）表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。

4.完成进行式（to have been doing）表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，

也可能会持续下去。

IV．不定式的功能

1.作主语：

（1）to do可直接作主语，表示

特指一个具体动作。

eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous.

To study English well isn’teasy.

(2) 用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。常见的有6种。

It is +adj+ to do sth.

eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers.

It is +adj+for sb to do sth.

eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of good

It is +adj+of sb to do sth.

eg. It is silly of you to believe him.

= You are silly to believe him.

It is +noun+to do sth.

eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things.

It+动词（+宾语）+ to do sth.

eg.It took me a year to finish writing the

book.

It is+介词短语+to do sth.

eg.It is beyond my power to answer this question.

2.作表语：to do作表语很普遍，多数情况下可换作主语

eg.Her job is to teach us maths.

To teach us maths is her job.

3.作宾语：to do作宾语直接跟在vt 动词后面。这些vt 动词的口诀是：

答保要打假希期，（14）

设宣申负愿花力。（7）

提安同学准声敢，（7）

偏威三决拒恳企。（8）

依照本口诀可写出下列36个vt 动词。promise答应，consent答应，guarantee保证，pledge保证，demand、ask要求，ai m/mean 打算pretend、profess假装wish、hope希望expect、desire期望

manage设法，swear宣誓，apply申请undertake负责，care愿意，can afford(花、买)得起， endeavour力图

offer提供，arrange安排，agree同意，learn 学习，prepare准备，claim声称，dare敢choose偏要、宁愿，threaten威胁，determine、resolve、decide决定，refuse拒绝，beg恳求，seek企图或用“UBRT-wolf-head-maps”口诀。

eg. I want to buy a car.

They wish to see you.

注意：有些vt用to do 和doing作宾语意义区别不大，但在下列情况有别

(1)begin、start只用to do

be beginning/starting to do

begin/start+认知动词

eg.She was beginning to work on her novel that summer.

He began to realize that he was wrong. (2)remember/forget/regret+ to do(未做) remember/forget/regret+doing(已做)

eg.I remembered returning his money.

(3)try to do(努力做)

try doing(试着

4．作定语：to do 作定语与修饰的名词

出存在一种动宾关系、主谓关系或说明关系。

eg. They have no room to live in.

He found an opportunity to go there.

Energy is the ability to do work.

5.作宾补、主补：to do在主动语态中为宾补、在被动语态中为主补。补语与宾语在逻辑上存在着主谓关系，多数动词要带to,遇到使动词、感观动词则不带to,比如（make、let、see、hear、watch、feel、notice、observe）但若为动语态则还原to.

eg.They ask us to sing a song

I heard him knock at the door twice.

Tom was made to work 12 hours a day.

5.作状语：to do作状语多在vi后表目的或结果，作目的还可置句首，同时还可在某些形容词后作状语

eg. John came to study Chinese.

I am glad to see you.

He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.

V．不定式符号to的省略

1.在助动词、情态动词后（had to,used to,ought to,be able to除外，因它们本身带to.

2.在had better,would rather…than…,rather than,do nothing other than,might as well(不妨，还是….的好，can’t help but/can’t choose but/cannot but(不得不)

3.在介词but /except/besides前有do的各种形式时。

eg.I could do nothing but wait for him here. 4.当help后面跟不定作宾语或作宾补时，不定式符号to用与不用都可以，但当主语是表示物的名词或主语不能发出不定式的动作时需要带to.

eg.This book helped me tosee the truth.

5在祈使句中

eg.Sit down ,please.

6.在why not 或why引起的疑问句中，否定表建议，肯定表不满或委婉批评。

eg.Why not go out for a walk.

Why stand up if you can sit down.

7如果两个或两个以上具有同样功能的不定式并列第一个有to，其余无to.

eg.His wish is to enter this college and study English.

8.动词need/dare

(1)情态动词后无to

(2)实意动词肯定形式有to

(3) 实意动词否定、疑问式可有可无to eg. I need to buy a bike.

You didn’t need (to) try.

Does she dare( to) go out at night?

9.当不定式作表语时，如果句子的主语是all 或what引导从句或主语被only,first,one,least 及adj最高级修饰，且后面的从句或短语中有实意动词do 时,作表语的不定式可不用to. eg.The only thing I can do is(to) stay at home.

10.以下固定搭配中不用to

make do凑合、应付，let go放开、松手，make believe假装，go hang听其自然，dare say敢说。

eg.I dare say my uncle will buy me a bike.

The exercise for infintive

1.He seemed_______his work.

A.finish

B.to finish

C.to have finished

D. finishing

2.These students want ___to work in our company.

A.to send

B.to be sent

C.be sent

D. to have sent

3.Would you bring me a bench___?

A.to sit

B.to be sat

C.be sat on

D. to sit on

4.She did all she could___him.

A.save

B.to save

C.do save

D.saving

5.Ask John ___on the wall.

A.not write

B.not to write

C.don’t write

D.no write

6.It is a shame____like that.

A.behave

B. to behave

C.behaving

D.behaved

7.He pretended____me when I passed by.

A.not to see

B. not seeing

C.to not see

D.having not seen

8.The light in the office is still on.

Oh,I forget___

A.turning it off

B. turn it off

C.to turn it off

D.having turned it off

9.In such a dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they___.

A.have survived

B. are to survive

C.would survive

D.will survive

10.I think __importent to learn English well.

A.this

B. that

C.its

D.it

11.It took two yearsand a half__ the project .>

https://www.docsj.com/doc/cf15213615.html,leting

B.to complete

https://www.docsj.com/doc/cf15213615.html,plete

D.to be completed

12.Her wish is___by a famous university.

A.accept

B. accepted

C.accepting

D.to be accepted

13.Lucy asked me___loudly.

A.to speak

B. spoked

C.speaking

D.spoken

14.I let him___it again

A.doing

B. to do

C.done

D.do

15.His advice helped me___great progress his study.

A.to make

B.make

C.made

D.making

16.Mary is said___in Beijing University for

a .year

A.to study

B.to have studied

C.to have been studying

D.study

17.In that case,there is nothing you can do__than wait.

A.more

B.other

C.better

D.any

18.__I usually go there by train.

__Why not__by boat for a change

A.trying to go

B.to try going

C.to try and go

D.try going

19.What he really hopes is___until she returns.

A.waited

B.waiting

C.wait

D.is waiting

20.Let’s____that we are policemen.

A.make to believe

B.make believe

C.making believing

D.to make believe

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worth 值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. 6）概括性, 一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting.

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否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

1.不定式与动名词作主语得区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) it is not very good for you to smoke so much.您抽这么多烟对您身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知得事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成得事或目得。 climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验) driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语得不定式短语后置。 it took me only five minutes to finish the job、动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。 it is / was no use / good + doing sth、 it is / was not any use / good + doing sth、 it is / was of little use / good + doing sth、 it is / was useless doing sth、 it is no use crying over spilt milk、覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day、每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2.不定式与动名词作宾语得区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语与宾语补足语 1)下面得动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语得动词歌诀: 三个希望两答应,两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令,需要努力学习,期望同意帮助,希望决定开始。

非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)

一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people．（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：

非谓语动词用法归纳(非常齐全)

it is / was no use / good + doing sth. it is / was not any use / good + doing sth. it is / was of little use / good + doing sth. it is / was useless doing sth. it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 it is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜没有什么好处 2．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem 常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝, 设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。 hope; wish; want ; agree; promise demand; ask; refuse manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose 想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order need; try ; learn expect ; agree ; help hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请get请，得到prompt促使 allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布force强迫press迫使 bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求 assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告exhort告诫，勉励pray请求 authorize授权，委托help帮助recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒 beg请求induce引诱report报告 compel强迫invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤 command命令intend想要，企图show 显示 drive驱赶mean意欲，打算train训练 cause引起instruct指示require要求 deserve应受leave使，让tell告诉 direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱 entitle有资格order命令warn告诫 enable使能够need需要urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要 condemn指责，谴责lead引起，使得teach教

英语非谓语动词的用法及比较

英语非谓语动词的用法及比较山东省滕州市滕东中学侯廷芬邮编：277500 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）在英语中应用广泛，在用法上有相似之处，但又有差别。英语动词就其能否独立充当谓语动词而采用的不同形式分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、分词。它们之所以称为非谓语动词，是这种动词在句中在形式上受主语的人称和数的制约，不能独立充当谓语动词，只能与一定的助动词相结合，构成进行时、完成时、被动语态或在句中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。非谓语动词保持动词的特征，即时态的变化，及物动词有语态的变化等，也可以有自己的宾语、状语等，同时也具有名词、形容词的特征。首先看谓语动词的特征。一、非谓语动词的特征： 1、动词的特征：（1）与not连用构成否定式。eg: to do------not to do; doing------not doing; done------not done. (2) 带有自己的状语、表语或宾语等。eg: to fly fast; to feel angry; to drink some water; driving fast; getting cold; watching TV; covered with snow; left the door open. （3）不定式、动名词和现在分词可以有进行时和完成时，及物动词也有被动语态。 2、名词、形容词的特征：这种特征也就是非谓语动词与谓语动词的主要区别。（1）非谓语动词起名词的作用。这一点主要是动名称和不定式。 She is fond of reading. I hope to see you this evening. （2）非谓语动词起形容词的作用。主要是分词和不定式。 something to eat; boiling water; boiled water. 二、非谓语动词的功能： 1、作主语。eg: To study hard is our duty. Talking is easier than doing. 2、作宾语。eg: They pretended to be working hard. Would you mind closing the door? 3、作表语： My work is to teach English. Seeing is believing. It is broken. 4、作定语eg: I have a lot of work to do. He is always the first to come, and the last to go. The cave is a good hiding place for us.

非谓语动词用法归纳

非谓语动词用法归纳非谓语动词在英语中，动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）可以出现在句子中除谓语以外的任何一个位置上，充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等成分，这些动词形式称为非谓语动词。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． (3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。 3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语(部分)： attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式： allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢，宁愿 bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒…… (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢，讨厌 involve卷入，包含practise 实行，实践suggest建议…… (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

(精心整理)非谓语动词用法总结

非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。一．非谓语动词区别简表

二．不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）、状语或补足语。高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词＋不定式等。作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。)

（2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) ②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。) ③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。) 2.作宾语（1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend ,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend 等。 eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.) ②She has agreed to come

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