公司法英文版
新公司法英文版（二）
Article 101
The general meeting of shareholders shall hold an annual meeting each year. An interim general meeting of the shareholders shall be held within two (2) months upon the occurrence of any of the following circumstances:
(1) The number of directors falls below the number prescribed herein or below two-thirds of the number prescribed in the articles of association;
(2) The company's losses which are not covered have reached one-third of the total amount of the share capital;
(3) Shareholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the company's stocks make a request;
(4) The board of directors deems necessary;
(5) The board of supervisors proposes for such a meeting;
(6) Other circumstances provided for in the articles of association.
Article 102
A general meeting of shareholders shall be convened by the board of directors and shall be presided over by the chairman of the board. Where the chairman is unable to or does not perform his duties, the meeting shall be presided over by the vice-chairman. Where the vice chairman is unable to or does not perform his duties, the meeting shall be presided over by a director jointly appointed by a majority of all the directors.
Where the board of directors is unable to or does not perform the duties to convene a general meeting of shareholders, the meeting shall be called and presided over by the board of supervisors in a timely manner. Where the board of supervisors is unable to or does not perform the duties to call and preside over a general meeting of shareholders, the shareholders individually or jointly holding ten percent (10%) of the shares of the company for consecutive ninety (90) days or more may, at its own discretion, convene and preside over a general meeting of shareholders.
Article 103
In order to hold a general meeting of shareholders, notice concerning the time, venue and matters to be considered at the meeting shall be given to each shareholder twenty days in advance. In the event of an interim meeting of shareholders, the notice may be given fifteen days in advance. Where the company has issued bearer share certificates, a public notice concerning the time, venue and matters to be considered at the meeting shall be made thirty days prior to the meeting.
Shareholders individually or jointly holding three percent (3%) of the shares of the company may, ten days prior to the general meeting of shareholders, submit a temporary written proposal to the board of directors. The board of directors shall, within two days after receipt of the proposal, inform other shareholders and submit the proposal to the general meeting of shareholders for deliberation. The items contained in the proposal shall fall within the scope of powers exercised by the general meeting of shareholders and clear topic and specific matters to be
considered shall be included. The general meeting of shareholders shall not decide on any matters that are not specified in aforesaid notices. Where the holders of bearer shares attend the general meeting of shareholders, they shall deposit the shares with the company five (5) days earlier before the date of the meeting up till the closing date of the meeting.
Article 104
When a shareholder attends the general meeting of shareholders, each share he holds is entitled to one vote. However, the share held by the company itself shall not have the voting right.
A resolution adopted by the general meeting of shareholders requires affirmative votes by a majority of the votes held by shareholders attending the meeting. The resolution with regards to amendment to the articles of association, increase or decrease of registered capital, merger, division or dissolution of the company or change of the form of the company requires affirmative votes by at least two-thirds of the votes held by shareholders attending the meeting.
Article 105
Where it is stipulated in this Law or the articles of association that the assignment or receipt of the company’s major assets or provision of security shall be determined at the general meeting of shareholders, the board of directors shall, in a timely manner, convene the general meeting of shareholders that will vote on aforesaid matters.
Article 106
The general meeting of shareholders shall adopt accumulative voting system when voting on the election of directors or supervisors in accordance with the articles of association or the resolution adopted by the shareholders’ general meeting. The accumulative voting system referred to herein means that in the election of the directors or supervisors at the general meeting, the number of votes attached to each share held by a
shareholder shall be equal to the number of candidates. A shareholder can multiply his voting shares by the number of candidates and vote them all for one person for director or supervisor.
Article 107
A shareholder may attend a general meeting of shareholders by proxy, the proxy holder shall present the proxy statement issued by the shareholder to the company, and shall exercise his voting rights to the extent authorized by the proxy.
Article 108
The general meeting of shareholders shall prepare minutes regarding the decisions on matters considered at the meeting, which shall be signed by the chairman of the meeting and directors attending the meeting. The minutes shall be maintained together with the record containing signatures of the shareholders attending the meeting and the proxy statements.
Section Three Board of Directors and General Manager
Article 109
A joint stock limited company shall have a board of directors, which shall be composed of not fewer than five but not more than nineteen members.
The members of the board of directors shall include representatives of the staff and workers of the company. Such representatives of the staff and workers shall be democratically elected by the staff and workers of the company through the congresses or assemblies of the workers and staff members or other forms.
The provisions of Article 46 on the term of directors of a limited liability company shall apply to that of the directors of a joint stock limited company.
The provisions of Article 47 on the functions and powers of the board of directors of a limited liability company shall apply to that of the board of directors of a joint stock limited company.
Article 110
The board of directors shall have a chairman, and may have one or two vice-chairmen. The chairman and vice-chairman shall be elected by the board of directors through affirmative votes by more than half of all the directors.
The chairman shall convene and preside over meetings of the board of directors and supervise the implementation of resolutions adopted by the board of directors. The vice-chairman shall assist the chairman in his work. Where the chairman is unable to or does not exercise his authorities, the vice-chairman appointed by the chairman shall exercise such authorities in his capacity. Where the vice chairman is unable to or does not exercise his authorities, a director jointly nominated by more than half of all the directors shall exercise such authorities.
Article 111
The board of directors shall hold meetings at least twice a year, and notice shall be given to all directors and supervisors ten days in advance. Shareholders representing one tenth of voting rights, or one third or more of all the directors or supervisors may propose to have an interim meeting of the board. The Chairman, within ten days after receipt of such proposal, may convene and preside over a meeting of the board. Where an interim meeting of the board of directors is to be held, the method and time limit for notification for convening the interim meeting may be prescribed separately.
Article 112
A meeting of the board of directors may not be held unless attended by more than half of the directors. A resolution adopted by the board of directors requires affirmative votes by more than half of all the directors.
In the voting procedures, one director shall represent one vote.
Article 113
A meeting of the board of directors shall be attended by each director in person. Where a director is unable to attend the meeting for cause, he may issue a written proxy entrusting another director to attend on his behalf, and the proxy shall set forth the scope of authorization.
The board of directors shall prepare minutes regarding the decisions on matters considered at the meeting, which shall be signed by the directors attending the meeting and the person preparing the minutes.
The directors shall be responsible for resolutions adopted by the board of directors. Where a resolution of the board violates any national statutes, administrative regulations or the articles of association, and causes the company to incur serious loss, those directors participating in the adoption of the resolution are liable to the company for damages. Provided, however, if a director is proven to have dissented at the vote adopting such resolution and such dissension was noted in the minutes, then the director may be exempt from liability.
Article 114
A joint stock limited company shall have a general manager, to be appointed or removed by the board.
The provisions of Article 50 on the functions and powers of the manager of a limited liability company shall apply to the manager of a joint stock limited company.
Article 115
The board of directors of the company may decide that a board member is to serve concurrently as the general manager.
Article 116
A joint stock limited company must not directly, or through its affiliate companies, borrow money from its directors, supervisors or senior officers.
Article 117
A joint stock limited company shall disclose on regular basis the remuneration of its directors, supervisors and senior officers.
Section Four Board of Supervisors
Article 118
A joint stock limited company shall have a board of supervisors, which shall be composed of not fewer than three (3) members.
The board of supervisors shall be composed of the shareholders' representatives and representatives of the workers of the company. The number of the workers’ representatives shall not be lower than one third of all the supervisors, the specific percentage of which shall be
determined in the articles of association. The workers' representatives on the board of supervisors shall be democratically elected by the workers of the company through the congresses or assemblies of the workers and staff members or other forms. The board of supervisors shall have one chairman that shall be elected by more than half of all the supervisors. The meetings of the board of supervisors shall be convened and presided over by the chairman of the board. In the event that the chairman is unable to or does not perform his duties, the meeting shall be convened and presided over by a supervisor jointly nominated by more than half of all the supervisors.
A director and a senior officer may not serve concurrently as a supervisor.
The provisions of Article 52 on the term of the supervisor of a limited liability company shall apply to the supervisor of a joint stock limited company.
Article 119
The provisions of Article 54 and Article 55 on the functions and powers of the board of supervisors of a limited liability company shall apply to the board of the supervisors of a joint stock limited company.
Reasonable expenses necessary for supervisors to performance their duties shall be borne by the company.
Article 120
The board of supervisors shall convene a meeting at least every six months. An interim meeting of the board may be called at the request of supervisors.
The rules of deliberation and voting procedures for the board of supervisors shall be stipulated by the articles of association of the company.
The board of supervisors shall prepare a minute of the meeting signed by all supervisors attending the meeting.
Section Four Special Provisions on the Structure of a Listed Company
Article 121
A listed company referred to herein means a joint stock limited company whose shares are listed and traded on a securities exchange.
Article 122
Any purchase or sale of major assets within one year or provision of a security in an amount in excess of thirty percent (30%) of the total assets by a listed company shall be deliberated and determined at a general meeting of shareholders and the resolution adopted by such a meeting requires affirmative votes by shareholders representing two-thirds of the voting rights.
Article 123
A listed company shall have independent directors the specific method of which shall be determined by the State Council.
Article 124
A listed company shall have a secretary of the board of directors whose responsibilities include the preparation of the general meeting of shareholders and meetings of the board of directors, maintenance of documents, share management as well as relevant matters concerning information disclosure.
Article 125
The director of a listed company affiliated with the enterprise involved in the matters discussed by the board of directors shall not exercise his own, or represent other directors to exercise voting right for such matters. The meeting of the board of directors may be held once more than half of the unaffiliated directors will be present. The resolution made by the meeting of the board shall be adopted by more than half of all such directors. Where there are not more than three (3) unaffiliated directors, the relevant matters shall be forwarded to the general meeting of shareholders for deliberation.
Chapter Five Issue and Transfer of Shares of Joint Stock Limited Companies
Section One Issue of Shares
Article 126
The capital of a joint stock limited company shall be divided into shares, and all the shares shall be of equal value.
Shares of the company are represented by share certificates. A share certificate is a certificate issued by the company certifying the share held by a shareholder.
Article 127
When shares are issued, the principles of openness, fairness, and equity shall be followed, and each share in the same class must have the same rights and receive the same interests.
For shares issued at the same time, each share shall be issued on the same conditions and at the same price. All entities or individuals subscribing for shares shall pay the same price for each share.
Article 128
The issuing price per share may be at par value, or above par value, but may not be below par value.
Article 129
A share certificate shall be in paper form or in other forms prescribed by the securities
regulatory authority under the State Council.
A share certificate shall set forth the following major items:
(1) the name of the company;
(2) the company's date of registration and establishment;
(3) the class and par value of the shares and the number of shares represented;
(4) the serial number of the share certificate.
The share certificate shall be signed by the chairman of the board, and the company's chop shall be impressed thereon.
Share certificates held by the sponsors shall be marked with the words Sponsors' Share.
Article 130
Share certificates issued by the company may be in the form of either registered share certificates or bearer share certificates.
Share certificates issued by the company to its sponsors or legal persons shall be registered share certificates bearing the names of such sponsors or legal persons, and may not be registered under any other names or in the names of their legal representatives.
Article 131
A company issuing registered share certificates shall maintain a record of shareholders, which shall set forth the following:
(1) the name and domicile of each shareholder;
(2) the number of shares held by each shareholder;
(3) the serial numbers of share certificates held by each shareholder;
(4) the date on which each shareholder acquired his shares.
A company issuing bearer share certificates shall record the number of such share certificates, their serial numbers and their issuing dates.
Article 132
The State Council may make separate stipulations relating to a company's issuance of shares of classes other than those prescribed herein.
Article 133
Upon registration and establishment, a joint stock limited company shall promptly deliver the share certificates to its shareholders officially. Prior to registration and establishment, the company may not deliver any share certificate to its shareholders.
Article 134
Where a company is to issue new shares, the general meeting of shareholders or the board of directors shall adopt a resolution concerning the following in accordance with the articles of association:
(1) the classes and number of the new shares;
(2) the issuing price of the new shares;
(3) the commencing and ending dates of issuance of the new shares;
(4) the classes and number of new shares issued to the existing shareholders.
Article 135
When a company is approved by the securities supervision and administration department under the State Council to issue new shares to the public, it shall make public the prospectus for the issue of new shares, its financial and accounting statements, and shall prepare the subscription form.
The provisions of Article 88 and Article 89 shall apply to the issue of new shares.
Article 136
In issuing new shares, a company may determine the pricing scheme in light of the business operation and financial conditions of the company.
Article 137
Upon full receipt of the share proceeds from the company's newly issued shares, the company shall carry out amendment registration with the company registration authority and shall make a public announcement.
Section Two Assignment Of Shares
Article 138
Shares held by a shareholder may be assigned in accordance with the law.
Article 139
Assignment of shares by a shareholder must be carried out at a lawfully established securities exchange or in other manners stipulated by the State Council.
Article 140
Assignment of registered share certificates is effected by the shareholder's endorsement thereof or by other methods prescribed by the relevant national statutes or administrative regulations. In the case of assignment of registered share certificates, the company shall record the assignee's name and domicile on the record of shareholders.
Alteration registration for the record of shareholders referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not be carried out for a period of twenty days prior to the holding of a general meeting of shareholders, or five days prior to the record date for the purpose of dividend
distribution determined by the company. However, where such change of shareholders is otherwise stipulated by the law, such stipulations shall apply.
Article 141
Assignment of bearer share certificates takes effect upon delivery thereof by the shareholder to the assignee.
Article 142
Shares of a company held by its sponsors may not be assigned for a period of one year commencing from the date of the company's establishment. Shares that have been issued before the public offer shall not be transferred for a period of one year commencing from the date of trading of the company’s shares on a stock exchange.
The directors, supervisors and senior officers of the company shall report to the company the number of the company's shares held thereby and any change of such shareholding. The shares transferred within their term of office each year shall not exceed twenty-five percent (25%) of the total shares of the company held by them. Shares of the company held by aforesaid people shall not be transferred for a period of one year commencing from the date of trading of the company’s shares on a stock exchange. These people, within half of the year from their departure from the company, shall not transfer the shares of the company held by them. The articles of association may otherwise provide for restrictions on the transfer of the shares of the company held by its directors, supervisors and senior officers.
Article 143
A company may not purchase its own shares, except in the following cases:
(1) reducing the company's registered capital;
(2) merging with another company holding shares of the company;
(3) granting incentive shares to the staff and workers of the company;
(4) requesting the company to purchase its own shares where shareholders of the company oppose the decision on merge or division of the company made at a general meeting of shareholders.
A resolution shall be adopted by a general meeting of shareholders in the event of a purchase as described in the above items from (1) through (3). The original shares, after the company has purchased its own shares in the case as described in item (1), shall be cancelled within ten days of such purchase. In the cases as described in item (2) and (4), the shares shall be transferred or canceled within six months of such purchase.
The shares of the company purchased by itself in the case as described in item (3) shall not exceed five percent (5%) of the total shares issued by the company. The fund for such purchase shall be paid out of the after-tax profits of the company and the shares purchased shall be transferred to the staff and workers within one year of such purchase.
The company may not accept its own shares as the collateral under a security arrangement.
Article 144
If a registered share certificate is stolen, lost or destroyed, the shareholder may petition a people's court for the invalidation thereof through the public notice procedure prescribed in the Civil Procedural Law of the People's Republic of China.
After the people's court has invalidated such share certificate through the public notice procedure, the shareholder may apply to the company for re-issuance of a certificate for the share.
Article 145
The shares of a company approved for listing shall be listed in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and trading rules set forth by a stock exchange.
Article 146
A listed company shall make public its financial conditions and operating conditions in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations, and shall make public its financial and accounting reports semiannually in each fiscal year.
Chapter Six: Qualifications and Obligations of Directors, Supervisors and Senior Officers
Article 147
A person in any of the following categories may not serve as a director, supervisor, or the general manager of a company:
(1) without civil capacity or with limited civil capacity;
(2) having been sentenced to prison for the following crimes, and completion of the sentence being less than five years ago: embezzlement, bribery, conversion of property, misappropriation of property, sabotage of social economic order; or having been deprived of political rights as a result of a criminal conviction, and completion of such sanction being less than five years ago;
(3) having served as a director, the factory chief, or the general manager of a company or enterprise which underwent bankruptcy liquidation as a result of mismanagement, and being personally responsible for such bankruptcy, and completion of the bankruptcy liquidation being less than three years ago;
(4) having served as the legal representative of a company or enterprise whose business license was revoked due to its violation of law, and being personally responsible for such revocation, and such revocation occurring less than three years ago;
(5) in default of personal debt of a significant amount.
If the company elects or appoints a director or supervisor or employs the senior officer in violation of the above paragraph, such election, appointment or employment is invalid. The
company shall remove the director, supervisor or senior officer once the circumstances described in item (1) occur.
Article 148
A director, supervisor, or the general manager shall abide by laws, administrative regulations and articles of association of the company and shall have the fiduciary and diligent duties to the company.
A director, supervisor, or the senior officer may not abuse their authorities by accepting bribes or generating other illegal income, and may not convert company property.
Article 149
The director and senior officer:
(1) may not misappropriate company funds;
(2) may not deposit company assets into an account in his own name or in any other individual's name;
(3) may not loan company funds to other people or give company assets as security for the debt of any other individual without the approval of the shareholders meeting, general meeting of shareholders or the board of directors in violation of the articles of association;
(4) may not execute any contract or engage in any transaction with the company in violation of the articles of association or without the approval of the shareholders meeting or the general meeting of shareholders;
(5) may not use the favorable conditions and conveniences to seek the business opportunities that shall belong to the company to engage in the same business as the company in which he serves as a director or the senior officer either for his own account or for any other person's account without the approval of the shareholders meeting or the general meeting of shareholders;
(6) may not accept and possess the commissions paid by others for transactions conducted with the company;
(7) may not disclose company confidential information without authorization;
(8) may not engage in other activities in violation of his fiduciary duties.
Article 150
If a director, supervisor or the senior officer causes detriment to the company while performing his duties in violation of laws, administrative regulations or the articles of association, he shall be liable for the loss so caused.
Article 151
Where the shareholders meeting or the general meeting of shareholders requires a director, supervisor or the senior officer to be present at meetings, they shall be present at meetings and answer the inquiries of shareholders.
A director or senior officer shall provide the board of supervisors or the supervisors of a
limited liability company without a board of supervisors with genuine documents and information and shall not obstruct the board of supervisors or supervisors from performing duties.
Article 152
Where a director or senior officer is involved in the circumstance as described in Article 150, the shareholders of a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company that individually or jointly hold one percent (1%) of the total shares for consecutive 180 days may request in writing the board of supervisors or the supervisors of a limited liability company without a board of supervisors to file suit before a people’s court. Where a supervisor is involved in the circumstance as described in Article 150, aforesaid shareholders may request in writing the board of directors or the executive director of a limited liability company without a board of directors to file suit before a people’s court.
Where the board of supervisors or the supervisors of a limited liability company without a board of supervisors, or the board of directors or the executive director refuses to file suit after receipt of the written request mentioned above, or does not file suit within thirty days of the receipt of the same, or comes across an emergency where, if no immediate actions are taken, the company’ s interests shall be incurably impaired, then the shareholders may, for the interest of the company and on the ir own behalf, directly file suit before a people’s court.
Where the company’s legal rights and interests are violated by others and in the event of any losses incurred, the shareholders defined in the first preceding paragraph may file suit before a people’s court in accordance with the first two precedi ng paragraphs.
Article 153
Where a director or senior officer violates laws, administrative registrations or the articles of association, or infringes upon the rights and interests of the shareholders, the shareholders may file suit before a p eople’s court.
Chapter Seven: Company Bonds
Article 154
Company bonds referred to herein means a form of security which is issued by a company in accordance with legally prescribed procedure, and which provides that the principal thereof and interest thereon shall be paid at specified times. The issue of company bonds shall meet the requirements set forth by the Securities Law of the People’s Republic of China.
Article 155
Upon approval of an application for company bonds issue granted by the relevant department authorized by the State Council, the plan for company bonds offer shall be made public. The plan for company bonds offer shall set forth the following major items:
(1) the name of the company;
(2) the purpose of the fund raised;
(3) the total value of the bonds and the par value of each bond;
(4) the determination method of the rate of interest on the bonds;
(5) the time limit and method for payment of the principal of and interest on the bonds;
(6) the security information concerning the bonds;
(7) the price, the commencing and ending date of the bonds issue;
(8) the net assets value of the company;
(9) the total value of issued and outstanding company bonds;
(10) the underwriter of the company bonds.
Article 156
Where material company bonds are issued, a company must state on each bond certificate the name of the company, the par value of the bond, interest rate, and repayment period, and the bond certificate shall be signed by the legal representative, and the company's chop shall be impressed thereon.
Article 157
Company bonds may be classified as either registered bonds or bearer bonds.
Article 158
If a company has issued bonds, it shall maintain a record of bondholders.
If registered bonds are issued, the following shall be recorded on the company's record of bondholders:
(1) the name and domicile of each bondholder;
(2) the dates on which the bondholders acquired the bonds and the serial numbers of the bond certificates;
(3) the total value of the bonds, the par value of each bond, the interest thereon, the term thereof and method for payment of principal and interest;
(4) the date of issue of the bonds.
If bearer company bonds are issued, the company's record of bondholders shall record the total value of such bonds, the interest rate thereon, the term thereof and the method for repayment, and the date of issue and the serial numbers of the bond certificates.
Article 159
In the event of registered bonds, securities registration and settlement organizations shall establish relevant rules and regulations for the bonds registration, deposit, interest payment and bond redemption.
Article 160
Company bonds may be assigned, the price of which shall be agreed upon between the assignor and the assignee.
Where the company bonds are listed and traded at a securities exchange, the assignment of the bonds shall be conducted in accordance with the trading rules of the securities exchange.
Article 161
Assignment of registered company bonds is effected by the bondholder's endorsement of the bonds or by other methods prescribed by relevant laws and administrative regulations. After the assignment of the bonds, the company shall record the assignee's name and domicile on the record of bondholders.
Assignment of bearer bonds takes effect upon delivery thereof by the bondholder to the assignee at a lawfully established securities exchange.
Article 162
Upon adoption of a resolution by the general meeting of shareholders, a listed company may issue bonds which are convertible to its shares, and it shall prescribe the specific method for such conversion in the plan for company bonds offer. In order to issue convertible company bonds, an application shall be submitted to the securities regulatory authority under the State Council for approval. In the case of issue of convertible company bonds, the face of the bond certificate shall be marked with the word "Convertible," and the number of convertible company bonds shall be specified in the company's record of bondholders.
Article 163
Where convertible company bonds are issued, the company shall exchange its shares for the bonds held by the bondholders using the prescribed method of conversion, provided that the bondholders have the option on whether or not to convert their bonds.
Chapter Eight : Financial and Accounting Affairs of Company
Article 164
A company shall establish its financial and accounting system in accordance with the relevant national statutes, administrative regulations and the stipulations of the finance authority under the State Council.
Article 165
A company shall prepare its financial and accounting reports at the end of each fiscal year, which shall be audited by an accounting firm in accordance with the law. The financial and accounting reports shall be complied pursuant to relevant laws, administrative regulations and relevant regulations set forth by the finance authority under the State Council.
Article 166
A limited liability company shall deliver its financial and accounting reports to each shareholder within the time limit prescribed by the articles of association.
The financial and accounting reports of a joint stock limited company shall be available
at the company's premises for shareholders' inspection as from the twentieth day prior to the annual general meeting of shareholders.
A joint stock limited company established through public share offer shall make public its financial and accounting reports.
Article 167
In distributing its current year after-tax profit, a company shall allocate ten percent (10%) of the profit to its statutory reserve fund. Allocation to the company's statutory reserve fund may be waived once the cumulative amount of funds therein exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the company's registered capital.
Where the statutory reserve fund is not sufficient to cover the company's loss from the previous year, the current year profit shall be used to cover such loss before allocation is made to the statutory reserve fund pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
After allocation to the statutory reserve fund has been made from the after-tax profit of the company, and upon adoption of a resolution by the shareholders meeting or the general meeting of shareholders, allocation may be made to the discretionary reserve fund.
After the company has covered its losses, and made allocation to the reserve funds, the remainder of the profit shall be distributed to the shareholders in accordance with the provisions of Article 35 in the case of a limited liability company, and in proportion to their share holdings in the case of a joint stock limited company unless otherwise stipulated in its articles of association.
If the shareholders meeting, the general meeting of shareholders or the board of directors, in violation of the preceding paragraph, distributes profit to the shareholders before covering company losses and making allocation to company statutory reserve fund, the profit so distributed must be returned to the company. The shares of the company held by the company itself shall not be granted profit distribution.
Article 168
The premium received by a joint stock limited company through issuance of shares at prices above par value, as well as other incomes to be allocated to the capital reserve fund as stipulated by the finance authority under the State Council, shall be allocated to the capital reserve fund.
Article 169
The reserve funds of the company shall be used to cover company losses, expand its production and operation, or be converted to the company's increased capital. The capital reserve fund must not be used to cover company losses.
Upon conversion of statutory reserve fund into capital, the amount remaining in the statutory reserve fund may not fall below twenty-five percent (25%) of the registered capital.
Article 170
Engagement or dismissal of an accounting firm to be responsible for the audit of the financial and accounting reports of a company shall be determined by the shareholders meeting, the general meeting of shareholders or the board of directors in accordance with the articles of association.
When the shareholders meeting, the general meeting of shareholders or the board of directors votes on the matter of dismissal of an accounting firm, the said firm shall be given the chance to state its opinions.
Article 171
The company shall provide the accounting firm with true and complete accounting certificates, books, financial and accounting reports and other accounting materials and must not refuse to provide or conceal such documents, or report deceitfully.
Article 172
The company shall not establish any separate accounting book besides the accounting books prescribed by law. The company's assets shall not be deposited into any account established under an individual's name.
Chapter Nine:Merger and Division of Company, Increase and Decrease of Registered Capital
Article 173
Companies may be merged by absorption and merger by consolidation.
One company absorbing another company is merger by absorption, and the company being absorbed shall be dissolved. Merger of two or more companies through establishment of a new company is a consolidation, and the companies being consolidated shall be dissolved.
Article 174
In a merger of companies, the companies shall execute a merger agreement, and prepare their respective balance sheets and schedules of assets. The companies shall notify their creditors within ten days of adoption of merger resolutions, and shall publish a notice in a newspaper within thirty days. Creditors are entitled to claim full payment of the debts of the companies or require the provision of appropriate assurances within thirty days of receipt of the notice, or within forty-five days of publication of the first notice if such creditors did not receive the notice.
Article 175
Once the companies are merged, the creditor's rights and debtor's liabilities of the merged companies shall be assumed by the surviving company or the newly formed company after merger.
Article 176
Where a company is to undergo division, its assets shall be divided accordingly.
In dividing the company, a balance sheet and a schedule of assets shall be prepared. The company shall notify its creditors within ten days of adoption of a division resolution, and shall publish a notice in a newspaper within thirty days.
Article 177
The company resulting from the division shall bear joint liabilities for the debts of the company prior to its division except otherwise stipulated in a written agreement concluded before the division by and between the company and its creditor.
Article 178
Where a company needs to reduce its registered capital, a balance sheet and a schedule of assets must be prepared.
The company shall notify its creditors within ten days of adoption of a resolution to reduce its registered capital, and shall publish a notice in a newspaper within thirty days. Creditors are entitled to claim full payment of the company's debts or require the provision of appropriate assurances within thirty days of receipt of the notice, or within forty-five days of publication of the first notice if such creditors did not receive the notice.
After capital reduction, the company's registered capital may not fall below the statutory minimum capital level.
Article 179
When a limited liability company is to increase its registered capital, after subscription for the newly increased capital, the shareholders shall make capital contribution in accordance with the provisions hereof concerning capital contribution for the establishment of a limited liability company.
When a joint stock limited company is to issue new shares for the purpose of increasing its registered capital, the shareholders' subscription for the new shares shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions hereof concerning payment of share proceeds for the establishment of a joint stock limited company.
Article 180
In the case of merger or division of a company, where any registered item requires change, amendment registration shall be carried out with the company registration authority in accordance with the law; where the company is dissolved, company de-registration shall be carried out in accordance with the law; where a new company is established, establishment registration shall be carried out in accordance with the law.
Where a company is to increase or reduce its registered capital, a amendment registration shall be carried out with the company registration authority in accordance with the law.
Chapter Ten: Dissolution and Liquidation of Company
Article 181 A company may be dissolved for any one of the following reasons:
(1) the term of operation prescribed by the company's articles of association has expired, or any other cause for dissolution prescribed by the company's articles of association has occurred;
(2) the shareholders meeting or the general meeting of shareholders has adopted a resolution for dissolution;
(3) dissolution is required due to merger or division of the company;
(4) the business license of the company is revoked by law, or the company is ordered to terminate or cancelled;
(5) the company is dissolved by the people’s court in accordance with the provisions of Article 183.
Article 182
Where a company is involved in the circumstance described in the above Article 181 (1), the company may amend its articles of association to continue its existence. The amendment to the articles of association shall be adopted by two thirds or more of all voting shareholders in the case of a limited liability company. In the event of a joint stock limited company, the amendment requires affirmative votes by at least two-thirds of the votes held by shareholders attending the general meeting of shareholders.
Article 183
Where there are serious difficulties in the operation of a company and the company’s c ontinuance will definitely cause significant losses to shareholders’ interests, however, such scenario cannot be solved through other channels, then, shareholders representing 10% of all the votes may request the people’s court to dissolve the company.
Article 184
Where a company is to be dissolved pursuant to Article 181 (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5), a liquidation committee shall be formed within fifteen days; the liquidation committee of a limited liability company shall be composed of its shareholders, and members of the liquidation committee of a joint stock limited company shall be determined by the board of directors or the general meeting of shareholders; where the company fails to form a liquidation committee to carry out liquidation within the prescribed time limit, its creditors may petition the people's court to appoint the relevant persons to form a liquidation committee to carry out liquidation. The people's court shall accept such petition, and promptly appoint members of the liquidation committee to carry out liquidation.
Article 185
The liquidation committee shall exercise the following authorities in the course of liquidation:
(1) identifying the company's assets, and preparing a balance sheet and a schedule of assets respectively;
(2) notifying creditors through notice or public announcement;
(3) handling the company's ongoing businesses which are related to liquidation;
(4) making full payment of taxes owed and the taxes incurred during liquidation;
(5) identifying the company's creditor's rights and debtor's liabilities;
(6) disposing of the remaining assets after full payment of company debts;
(7) participating in civil actions on behalf of the company.
Article 186
The liquidation committee shall notify creditors within ten days of its establishment, and shall make a public announcement in a newspaper within sixty days. Creditors shall file their creditor's rights with the liquidation committee within thirty days of receipt of the notice, and within forty-five days of publication of the first notice if such creditors did not receive the notice.
In filing for creditor's rights, the creditors shall state the relevant matters relating to the creditor's rights, and provide supporting materials. The liquidation committee shall record such creditor's rights. During the filing for creditor’s rights, the liquidation committee shall not pay any debts to creditors.
Article 187
After identifying the company's assets and preparing the balance sheet and schedule of assets, the liquidation committee shall prepare a liquidating plan, which shall be submitted to the shareholders meeting, the general meeting of shareholders or the people’s court for ratification.
After payment of liquidating expenses, payment of wages and expenses for labor insurance of the workers, payment of taxes owed, and payment of company debts are made, the remaining assets shall be distributed to the shareholders in proportion to their shares of capital contribution in the case of a limited liability company, and in proportion to their share holdings in the case of a joint stock limited company. In the course of liquidation, the company continues its existence but shall not conduct any business activities irrelevant to the liquidation. Before payments have been made in accordance with the preceding regulations, the assets of the company shall not be distributed to the shareholders.
Article 188
Where the liquidation committee, after identification of company assets and preparation of the balance sheet and schedule of assets, discovers that the company does not have sufficient assets to fully repay company debts, the liquidation committee shall file a bankruptcy application with the people's court in accordance with the law.
Once the company is adjudged bankrupt by a ruling of the people's court, the liquidation committee shall transfer the liquidating affairs to the people's court.
Article 189
Upon completion of a company's liquidation, the liquidation committee shall prepare a liquidating report, which shall be submitted to the shareholders meeting, the general meeting of shareholders or the people’s court for ratification, and upon ratification, the liquidati on committee shall submit such report to the company registration authority to apply for company de-registration, and make a public announcement of the company's termination.
Article 190
Members of the liquidation committee shall faithfully perform their duties and carry out their liquidating obligations in accordance with the law.
Members of the liquidation committee may not abuse their authorities by accepting bribes or receiving other illegal income, and may not misappropriate company assets.
A committee member who causes loss to the company or its creditors due to his intentional misconduct or gross negligence shall be liable for damages.
Article 191
Where a company is declared bankrupt in accordance with the law, the company's bankruptcy liquidation shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant applicable laws.
Chapter Eleven : Branch of Foreign Company
Article 192
A foreign company referred to herein means a company registered and established outside China under foreign laws.
Article 193
In order to establish a branch within China, a foreign company must submit an application to the Chinese authority in charge, together with the relevant documents such as its articles of association, the company registration certificate issued in its home country, etc. Upon approval, it shall carry out registration with the company registration authority and be issued a business license.
The examination and approval procedure for branches of foreign companies shall be separately prescribed by the State Council.
Article 194
In order to establish a branch within China, a foreign company must appoint a representative or agent in charge of such branch within China, and fund its branch as appropriate in light of the nature of its intended business. Where operation of certain branches of foreign companies is subject to a minimum level of funding, such level shall be prescribed by the State Council separately.
Article 195
新加坡淡马锡国有资产管理模式
案例四：新加坡淡马锡国有资产管理模式研究 1.淡马锡公司简介 （1）淡马锡模式的介绍 第一，淡马锡公司的简介 淡马锡控股(私人)有限公司（以下简称“淡马锡”）是新加坡最大的全资国有控股公司，隶属于新加坡财政部。该公司成立于l974年，其主要任务是掌握新加坡政府对企业的投资，管理新加坡所有的政府关联企业。成立之初，旗下35家公司的业务仅限于本土，资产总计仅3.5亿新元，而截至2005年3月底，淡马锡投资组合市值已经高达1030亿新元，年平均股东回报率达到18%。据2006年3月所公布资料，淡马锡目前在80家公司持有5%至100%的股权，约一半资产分布在国外，在金融、电信、工程、运输、物流等领域都有较大的发展。旗下知名企业包括新加坡航空公司、星展银行、新电信，也在中国建设银行、中国民生银行、中国银行等金融机构持股。目前，该公司拥有21家大型直属企业(或称一级企业)，主要涉及金融、交通、通讯、工程、电力以及科技等领域，其中有7个企业已经上市。上述企业的产值占新加坡国内生产总值的l3%，占市场总值2l%。 第二，淡马锡公司产生的背景 淡马锡的组建，正值新加坡建国初期，经济基础薄弱，私人资本不足，投资能力有限，许多企业光靠私人无法维持经营。在这样的情况下，国家担负起引导国民经济发展的重任，进入一般商家不愿涉足的高风险、高投资工业项目领域，如钢铁、造船、石油化学等，创办了一批隶属财政部的国有企业。这批国有企业于1974年被归入淡马锡旗下，如新加坡发展银行、海皇轮船公司、新加坡航空公司、三巴望造船厂等，成为淡马锡早期的资产。可见，淡马锡一开始就是作为国家经济的操盘者，以主导国内经济为重任的身份出现的。 80年代初期，随着新加坡经济基础逐步稳固，GDP增长平均保持在6%，到了1986年～1998年，新加坡经济更进入奇迹发展阶段，GDP平均增长高达8、5%。此时的淡马锡，几乎完全控制了新加坡的经济命脉。而当时新加坡的经济发展也进入快车道，淡马锡的投资平均回报率，曾高达18%。 1998年亚洲金融风暴后，新加坡经济遭重挫，淡马锡的日子同样艰难，2002年，其平均回报率跌落至3%。 进入21世纪，新加坡经济的黄金时代已成回忆，而亚洲经济新局面，是中国和印度在内的发展中国家，成为经济的高速增长地区。此局面下，如果新加坡经济仍固守本土，势必失去最佳扩张时机。而淡马锡经过多年积累，总资产达到900亿美元，完全可以凭借资本优势，进入紧缺资金的国家和地区，分享那里的经济增长成果。于是淡马锡开始走出国门，面向国际进行大肆扩张，创造了巨大的收益，并形成了其独特的集团化管控模式。
法律英语：Company law 公司法
The company has complied with the court order. 公司履行了法院的命令。 The company has fulfilled all the terms of the agreement. 公司已经履行了全部协议中的条款。 The company intends to sue for damages. 公司打算提起赔偿之诉。 The company is controlled by the majority shareholder1. 公司受控股股东的控制。 The company is presumed to be still solvent2. 公司被推定有偿还能力。 The company is resisting the takeover bid. 公司正在抵制以接管为目的的高价征购股份。 The company's action was completely legal. 公司的行为完全合法。 A company director owes a fiduciary3 duty to the company. 公司董事应对公司负受托人的责任。 A company is regarded by the law as a person: an artificial person. 公司被法律认作为“人”：“拟制人”
An enterprise as a legal person shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered. 企业法人应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营。 He is a director appointed under the articles of the company. 他是一名按公司章程任命的董事。 Prior to application for registration4, the share capital must be stipulated5 in the Articles and all shares must be subscribed6. 在申请注册登记前，在公司章程中必须载明股本额，并且所有股份必须认购完毕。The chairman was personally liable for the company's debts. 董事长对公司债务承担个人责任。 The domicile of a legal person or other organization is at the place of its principal business establishment. 法人或其他组织以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。 The legal adviser7 recommended applying for an injunction against the directors of the company. 公司法律顾问建议申请针对公司董事会的强制令。 The major methods used to reconstitute the company are acquisition of companies and merging8. 公司重组的方式有公司收购和公司兼并。 The profits and losses of the equity9 joint10 venture shall be shared by the parties in proportion to their contributions of the registered capital. 合资企业各方应按其出资额在注册资本中的比例分享利润及亏损。 The resolution was invalid11 because the shareholder's meeting was not quorate.
美国公司法上的董事注意义务研究
美国公司法上的董事注意义务研究 我国公司法长期以来不存在董事注意义务,直到2005年修订公司法时才增加了勤勉义务。这一简单至极的勤勉义务条款留下了诸多疑问,例如,我国公司法中的勤勉义务是否就是注意义务?勤勉义务是否具有可诉性?如果具有可诉性,其责任标准是什么?诸如此类的问题,至今悬而未决。董事注意义务是英美公司法上的概念,对该制度追本溯源,从判例法和成文法两个层面上对其进行考察,可以最大限度地解决勤勉义务或注意义务长期存在的疑惑,进而为董事勤勉义务或注意义务的具体制度设计提供理论支持。本文从认识论上对美国公司法上的董事注意义务加以宏观考察,出发点在于,尽管中美两国在法律传统、法律文化以及司法制度等方面存在较大差异,但中国的公司制度毕竟是舶来品,与美国的公司法律制度尤其是公司法理论必然存在某些共性。 因此,对美国公司法上的董事注意义务进行认识论上的宏观研究对我国公司法肯定具有指导意义。本文分为引言、正文和结论三大部分,其中正文分为五章,具体内容如下：引言部分概括介绍了论文的研究对象和目的、国内外研究现状、研究的理论意义和实践价值以及研究方法。正文第一章从历史角度对董事注意义务这一问责机制加以考察。通过考察发现,美国董事注意义务的渊源是判例法,早期判例法关注勤勉义务而非注意义务。 随着实践的发展,董事注意义务受到更多的关注。目前约定俗成使用注意义务这一概念,但通说认为注意义务包含着勤勉义务之要求。董事注意义务不但适用于决策职责,而且适用于监督职责。法官在审查董事注意义务案件时保持相当谨慎,尤其是审查董事决策行为时,经营判断原则使注意义务的责任标准从侵权法中的一般过失标准降低为重大过失标准,董事免责制度更是使董事注意义务名存实亡,但股东仍然有权寻求董事会决议撤销之救济。 即使是董事履行监督职责的场合,注意义务的责任标准也明显低于侵权法中的一般过失标准。令人惊讶的是,特拉华州董事注意义务姗姗来迟,成文公司法中至今都不见董事注意义务的影子。注意义务在《示范公司法》中经历了艰难的立法过程,主要矛盾集中在注意义务与经营判断原则的关系上。《示范公司法》1998年行为标准与责任标准二分法比较清晰地将注意义务和经营判断原则成文化,但同时引发了新的问题。
美国公司法中的注意义务
简介美国公司法中的注意义务 注意义务的含义是指董事有义务对公司履行其作为董事的职责，履行义务必须是诚信的，行为方式必须是他合理地相信为了公司的最佳利益并尽普通谨慎之人在类似的地位和情况下所应有的合理注意。注意义务衡量董事是否“称职”，美国现代公司法对此义务的衡量标准有两个特点：其一，评判董事的行为是否尽到了注意义务，不仅要考虑该董事的技能和经验，还要考虑其职责范围，做出决策时所处的环境等。只要是依据普通审慎人所具有的常识、智慧对情况所做出的判断，即使是缺乏经营经验和专业知识的，他也不应受到谴责。其二，着眼于董事履行义务的方式来确定董事是否履行了注意义务。每个董事在对有关事物采取行动前必须采取必要步骤了解基本情况，包括阅读有关报告和报表，出席会议听取汇报，在特定情况下进行调查等。概括来说，除了对董事技能和谨慎的要求外，还要求董事努力工作，为公司争取最大利益，尽到相应的勤勉义务。具体来讲，在美国，注意义务主要包括以下内容： 一、谨慎行事标准 出于对商业风险和机会成本的考虑，一般而言，各国大多都倾向于采取一种较为宽松的态度对董事进行审查。然而随着社会的发展，这种较为宽松的态度慢慢地显示出其不适应性。美国的商法逐步显示出其严格性。 美国在注意义务的标准问题上一直坚持客观标准。通常被引用的标准有两个，如前文在论述注意义务的含义时所述，一个是1984年《示范公司法》第8．30(a)项规定，“(1)怀有善意；(2)尽到一个普通的审慎之人在相同处境之下应有的注意义务；(3)以他合理地认为符合公司最大利益的方式行事”。此规定具有很强的影响力，为不少州的公司立法所采纳。 另一个是宾夕伐尼亚州Selheimer诉美国Manganese公司案确立的标准，即“通常审慎之人在类似情况下处理其个人事务时应尽到的勤勉、注意与技能”。这具体是指：第一，善意，公司董事必须持有真诚的信念，为了公司的利益工作；第二，注意，即应当尽到像处于相似位置的普通谨慎人那样在类似情况下所应尽到的注意；第三，须合理地相信其行为是为了公司的最大利益，这要求董事在决策时要进行必要的信息收集，或是信赖其他经理、雇员、法律顾问、公共会计师等提供的资料、财务报告等。董事如果不积极履行职责，对其他董事、高级职员
新加坡公司法-中文
新加坡公司法-中文 第一节导言 第二节公司成立及其后果 第三节公司治理 第四节公司权利的行使 第五节股东的救济 第六节公司股份 第七节公司债据与资产抵押 第八节公司困境 第九节公司解散 一 16.1.1 在新加坡，与公司有关的主要法律是《公司法（Cap50, 1994 Rev Ed）》(以下称“公司法”)。值得注意的是，一些特殊类型的公司，除了公司法之外，还要受到其他成文法的规制。如保险公司和银行，还要分别受《保险法（Cap142,1994 Rev Ed）和《银行法（Cap20, 1994 Rev Ed）》的规制。有限责任合伙组织其实也是公司，受《有限责任合伙组织法（Cap289,1994 Rev Ed）》规制。在诸如《证券与期货法（Cap289, 1994 Rev Ed）》等其他成文法中，也有一些与公司有关的条款。 16.1.2 应该注意的是，普通法也会对与公司有关的成文法规范进行补充。 返回顶部 二
16.2.1 根据公司法第17（3）条的规定，拥有20名以上成员的经营组织都必须设立为公司。但该规定并不适用于那些遵照新加坡其他成文法设立的，由从事特定职业的个 人组成的合伙组织（公司法第17（3）条）。法律职业的从业者，受《法律职业法（Cap161,1994 Rev Ed）》的规制，他们可以设立成员超过20人的合伙组织。 16.2.2 一般来说，只要提交相应的文件，缴纳规定的费用，任何人都可以在新加坡通过登记设立公司。设立公司时，必须提交的最重要的文件是公司章程和组织规章，公司 法第19（1）条对此作了强制性要求。公司章程和组织规章就是公司的宪章。根据公司法第22（1）条的规定，公司章程必须载明公司名称、公司股本[如果有的话]，并表明公司成员承担的是有限责任还是无限责任。公司组织规章是公司的规章制度，其中也有与公司治理有关的规定。如果公司章程和组织规章有冲突，前者有优先效力。 16.2.3 公司章程一经登记，登记官便签发设立通知，宣布公司成立并在通知中载明成立的日期。该通知也会注明公司的类型，即成立的是有限责任公司还是无限责任公司， 必要时还将表明成立的公司是私营公司[参见公司法第19（4）条]。 16.2.4 公司法第19（5）条规定了公司成立的一般效力，即公司作为一个法人组织，拥有此类实体的全部权利能力。公司可以自己的名义起诉或应诉，并且可以永久存续直 至公司解散。公司还可以拥有土地，在公司解散时，其成员承担的是有限责任。
美国NASDA信息披露制度
美国NASDA市场信息披露制度 深证证券交易所综合研究所 [摘要] NASDAQ全称为美国证券交易商协会自动报价系统（The NationalAssociatio Of Securities Dealers Antomted Quotations），是全球第一个电子化的证券市场。美国证券市场实行集中统一型的监管体制，对NAS－DAQ市场信息披露的管理主要由美国证监会（SEC）负责。SEC作为美国政府执行联邦证券法律的主管机关，其主要权力包括：法规执行及管理权、违法行为调查权、准司法权、强制执行权、提出诉讼权、发布禁止令权。暂停或撤销登记权及民事处罚核定权等。SEC根据美国有关法律所授予的上述权力，对NASDAQ市场的信息披露进行监管。 （一）NASDAQ市场信息披露的管理体制架构 NASDAQ全称为美国证券交易商协会自动报价系统（The NationalAssociatio Of Securities Dealers Antomted Quotations），是全球第一个电子化的证券市场。美国证券市场实行集中统一型的监管体制，对NAS－DAQ市场信息披露的管理主要由美国证监会（SEC）负责。SEC 作为美国政府执行联邦证券法律的主管机关，其主要权力包括：法规执行及管理权、违法行为调查权、准司法权、强制执行权、提出诉讼权、发布禁止令权。暂停或撤销登记权及民事处罚核定权等。SEC根据美国有关法律所授予的上述权力，对NASDAQ市场的信息披露进行监管。 除SEC外，美国证券交易商协会（The National Association of Secdri－ties Deaers，NASD）及其全资子公司NASDAQ股票市场有限公司（NAS．DAQ Stock Market，Inc．）是NASDAQ 市场的主要自律监管机构。其中，NASDAQ是后者整个市场体系中的一部分。在这两个自律监管机构中，负责市场信息披露管理的主要有两个部门，即NASD管理公司（NASD Regulation，NASDR）的市场管理部和NASDAQ股票市场有限公司的市场监察部。市场管理部有权就会员的违规行为进行调查取证，并将有关信息和分析结果提交SEC或司法部，同时，该部还负责向NASD会员、投资者以及其他市场人士提供各种有关交易事项和规则的解释和咨询。此外，市场管理部还拥有多个先进的市场监管技术系统，如股票监察自动跟踪系统（SWAT），能够根据每只股票的历史价格、交易量信息、产业发展趋势资料和有关公司公布的新闻构造监控分析模型。市场监察部是1996年应NASD鲁德曼委员会的建议而成立的。该委员会提出，NASDAQ市场本身应该在某些方面拥有市场监管的权威，如宣布交易暂停和监督实时交易报告等。市场监察部的职能主要是实施实时的在线监管，审查来自
Company_Law-中国公司法英文翻译
【Statute Title】Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (2005 Revision)[现行有效] 【法规标题】中华人民共和国公司法(2005修订) [Effective] Promulgation date:10-27-2005 Effective date:01-01-2006 Department:Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Subject:Companies 发布日期：2005-10-27 生效日期：2006-01-01 发布部门：全国人大常委会类别：公司 Order of the President (No. 42 [2005]) The Company Law of the People’s Republic of China was amended and adopted at the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on October 27, 2005. The amended Company Law of the People’s Republic of China is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on January 1, 2006. President of the People’s Republic of China Hu Jintao October 27, 2005 Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (Adopted at the Fifth Se ssion of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress on December 29, 1993. Revised for the first time on December 25, 1999 according to the Decision of the Thirteenth Session of the Standing Commit tee of the Ninth People’s Congress on Amending the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China. Revised for the second time on August 28, 2004 according to the Decision of the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on Amending the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China. Revised for the third time at the 18th Session of the 10th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on October 27, 2005) Contents Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Establishment and Organizational Structure of A Limited Liability Company Section 1 Establishment Section 2 Organizational structure Section 3 Special Provisions on One-person Limited Liability Companies Section 4 Special Provisions on Wholly State-owned Companies Chapter III Transfer of Stock Right of A Limited Liability Company Chapter IV Establishment and Organizational Structure of A Joint Stock Limited Company Section 1 Establishment Section 2 Shareholders’ Assembly Section 3 Board of Directors, Managers Section 4 Board of Supervisors Section 5 Special Provisions on the Organizational Structure of A Listed Company Chapter V Issuance and Transfer of Shares of A Joint Stock Limited Company Section 1 Issuance of Shares Section 2 Transfer of Shares Chapter VI Qualifications and Obligations of the Directors, Supervisors and Senior Managers of A Company Chapter VII Corporate Bonds Chapter VIII Financial Affairs and Accounting of A Company Chapter IX Merger and Split-up of Company; Increase and Deduction of Registered Capital Chapter X Dissolution and Liquidation of A Company Chapter XI Branches of Foreign Companies Chapter XII Legal Liabilities Chapter XIII Supplementary Provisions 中华人民共和国主席令 （第42号） 《中华人民共和国公司法》已由中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于2005年10月27日修订通过，现将修订后的《中华人民共和国公司法》公布，自2006年1月1日起施行。 中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛 2005年10月27日 中华人民共和国公司法 （1993年12月29日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过根据1999年12月25日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第一次修正根据2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第二次修正2005年10月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议修订） 目录 第一章总则 第二章有限责任公司的设立和组织机构 第一节设立 第二节组织机构 第三节一人有限责任公司的特别规定 第四节国有独资公司的特别规定 第三章有限责任公司的股权转让 第四章股份有限公司的设立和组织机构 第一节设立 第二节股东大会 第三节董事会、经理 第四节监事会 第五节上市公司组织机构的特别规定
美国公司法中英文教程Chapter 3
Chapter 3 THE CORPORATE STRUCTURE I. GENERAL ALLOCATION OF POWERS权利配置 A. Traditional scheme传统模式: A "traditional" scheme for allocating power in the corporation (reflected in most statutes) is as follows: [49] 1. Shareholders股东: The shareholders act principally by: (1) electing and removing directors; and (2) approving or disapproving fundamental or non-ordinary changes (e.g., mergers). [49] 2. Directors董事: The directors "manage" the corporation’s business. That is, they formulate policy, and they appoint officers to carry out that policy. [49] 3. Officers高级管理人员: The corporation’s officers administer the day-to-day affairs of the corporation, under the supervision of the board. [49] 4. Modification修改: This traditional allocation of powers usually may be modified by the corporation where appropriate. This is often done in the case of closely held corporations. [49] B. Powers of shareholders股东权利: The main powers of the shareholders are as follows: 1. Directors选任和撤销董事: They have the power to elect and remove directors. [50] a. Election: Shareholders normally elect the directors at the annual meeting of shareholders. In other words, directors normally serve a one-year term. See Revised Model Business Corporations Act (RMBCA) get to approve or disapprove of fundamental changes not in the ordinary course of business (e.g., mergers, sales of substantially all of the company’s assets, or dissolution). [50]
美国标准公司法中文
美国示范公司法 第一章总则 第一节简称和权力的保留 § 1.01. 简称§ 1.02. 保留修订和废除本法的权力 第二节申请文件 § 1.20. 申请条件与外部事实 § 1.21. 表格 § 1.22 申报费、服务费以及复印费 § 1.23. 文件生效时间与日期 § 1.24. 对已申请文件的纠正 § 1.25 .州务长官的备案归档职责 § 1.26. 对州务长官拒绝接受文件归档时的上诉 § 1.27. 已归档文件副本的证据效力 § 1.28. 公司存在的证明书 § 1.29 对签署假文件的惩罚 第三节州务长官 § 1.30. 州务长官的权力 第四节定义 § 1.40. 本法案中的定义 § 1.41. 通知 § 1.42. 股东人数 第一节简称和权力保留 § 1.01. 简称：本法应被称为，并被引用为"（州的名称）"公司法。 § 1.02. 保留修订和废除本法的权力 （州立法机构的名称）有权随时修订或废除本法的全部或部分条款，并且原来受本法制约的所有本州和外州的公司都受本法的修订或废除的调整。 第二节申请文件 § 1.20. 申请文件与外部事实 * 凡应被州务长官归档的申请文件应该符合本节规定的申请条件以及其他任何章节对这些条件所作的增补和变动。 * 本法必须规定要向州务长官办公室提出申请文件。 * 申请文件应包含本法要求的所有信息，也可以包含其他的信息。 * 申请文件应使用打印形式或印刷形式，如果采用电子传送，则应该使用一种可以通过打印和印刷恢复或复制的格式。 * 申请文件应采用英语书写。公司的名称如果是采用英文字母或阿拉伯数字或罗马数字书写的，则可以不必使用英语，外州公司存在所要求的证明书，如果附带相当真实可靠的英文翻译文本，则也可以不使用英语。 * 申请文件应由下列人员来签署： (1) 本州公司和外州公司的董事会主席，或者是总裁或是其他高级职员； (2) 公司还没有选出董事或公司还没有设立的，则由其中的一个发起人；或 (3) 如果公司处于接收人、托管人或其他法院指定的受托人的控制之中，则由该受托人签署。 * 签署申请文件的人应该在其上签字，并在其签名之下或对面说明其姓名和签署文件的权能。该文件可以但不必要包含公司的印章，鉴证和一段声明或证明文字。 *如果根据1.21节，州务长官已经规定了申请文件的强制格式，则申报文件应采用规定的格式。 * 申请文件应提交到州务长官办公室。在州务长官允许的范围内，申请文件可以通过电子方式传送。如果申请文件是采用打印或印刷形式而不是电子形式，州务长官可要求递交原文件及其一份准确，一致的副本（5.03节和15.09节的规定除外）。 * 文件提交至州务长官办公室申报时，申请人应按照州务长官要求的支付方式，随之支付本法或其他法律所规定的适当的申报费、特许（权）税、许可费或罚款 * 任何时候，如果本法允许计划书或申请文件可以不将可以查明的事实列入其中，那么应遵循下列规定： (1) 计划书或申请文件应规定上述事实按照计划书或申请文件的条款运作的具体方式。 (2) 这些事实可以包括但不限于： * 可以在全国具有普遍影响的新闻或信息媒体上获得的，不管是以印刷体还是电子文本的形式表现的事实材料，包括：统计或行销指数，任何证券或证券组的市场价，利息率，货币兑换率，或类似的经济或财政数据； * 由自然人或实体，包括计划书或申请文件中所涉的公司或另一方当事人，所作的决定或行为；
案例研习(86)：境外退市回归境内上市
案例研习（86）：境外退市回归境内上市 【案例情况】 一、南都电源 2000年4月，周庆治通过其控制的Pakara Investments、Pakara Technology、Kastra Investments等三家公司实施了发行人在新加坡间接上市的计划。2005年3月，由于间接上市未能达到预定目的，周庆治对海外上市公司实施私有化并退市。2008年11月，周庆治直接受让海外公司Kastra Investments所持杭州南都的股权，至此，发行人与海外公司彻底脱钩。三家海外公司及发行人间接上市的基本情况如下：（一）Pakara Investments（海外上市公司股东） Pakara Investments成立于1998年5月，授权资本为200万新元，实缴资本为170万新元，注册地为新加坡。Pakara Investments成立时的授权资本为10万新元，实缴资本为2新元，其中Lee Li Ching、Tan Siew Lee分别出资1新元，各占50%的股权。 1998年6月，Tan Siew Lee、Lee Li Ching分别将其所持Pakara Investments的股份转让给周庆治和章禾，股份转让价款均为1新元。转让完成后，Pakara Investments将授权资本由10万新元增加至200万新元，实缴资本由2新元增加至170万新元，新增资本由周庆治、林旦、许广跃、何伟、杨晓光缴付。此次转让及增资完成后，Pakara Investments的股本结构如下： 2004年3月，许广跃与周庆治签订《股份转让协议》，将其持 有Pakara Investments238,000股股份以1新元/股的价格转让给周庆治，此次股份转让完成后，各股东的持股数及持股比例如下：2007年3月，周庆治与何伟、王海光签订《股份转让协议》，按1新元/股的价格将其所持27,800股Pakara Investments股份转让给何伟，将其所持1,870股Pakara Investments股份转让给王海光；同日，林旦与何伟签订《股份转让协议》，按1新元/股的价格将其所持4,930股Pakara Investments股份转让给何伟；杨晓光与王海光签订《股份转让协议》，按1新元/股的价格将其所持127,500股Pakara Investments股份转让给王海光。此次股份转让完成后，各股东的持股数及持股比例如下： 截至本招股说明书签署日，Pakara Investments的股本结构未发生变化，目前该公司正在办理注销手续。 （二）Pakara Technology（海外上市公司） Pakara Technology成立于1969年7月，注册资本为2,000万新元，实
公司法英文版(1)_10完整篇.doc
公司法英文版（1）- ; Where the board of directors or executive director cannot or does not perform its function, the shareholders meeting shall be convened and presided over by the board of supervisors or the supervisor in the absence of a board of supervisors. Where the board of supervisors or supervisor cannot or does not perform its function, the meeting shall be convened and presided over by shareholders representing more than one-tenth of the voting rights. ; Article 42 ; All shareholders shall be notified fifteen (15) days prior to the convening of a shareholders meeting, unless otherwise stipulated by the articles of association or agreed upon by all shareholders. ; The shareholders meeting shall prepare minutes regarding the decisions on matters considered at the meeting, which shall be signed by the shareholders present at the meeting. ; Article 43 ; Shareholders shall exercise their voting rights at the shareholders meeting in proportion to their capital contributions, unless otherwise stipulated by the articles of association. ; Article 44 ; Except as provided for in this Law, the rules of deliberation and voting procedures of the shareholders meeting shall be stipulated by the articles of association of the company. ; Resolutions of the shareholders meeting on the increase or
(美国)标准公司章程范本
公司章程签订日期： ___ 年_____ 月 ____ 日
Articles of association, memorandum of association, by-law 均有公司章程的含义，美国 与英国和加拿大等国的用法有一定的差异。Articles of association 在美国一般指组建公司时有关政府当局提交的公司简章，其内容简单，通常只包括公司名称，公司存在的时间、经营目的、股份数额、股票种类、董事姓名、地址；而在公司被批准成立后，公司内部管理等许多具体事项则由by-laws （或articles of amendment ）予以规定，故by-laws 在美国即等同公司章程细则 或公司内部章程（在英国或加拿大articles of amendment 是指公司体制等更改的规章）。在 英国及加拿大，articles of association 是指公司章程细则或内部管理章程，而memorandumof association （或articles of incorporation ）则是组建公司时向有关部门提交的公司组织大纲。相比之下，我国的公司组织章程是将公司简章和章程细则（或内部规章）合成一个文件，称为公司章程，因而，在翻译时，中国意义上的“公司章程”实际上等同于articles of association 加上by-laws （美式英语）或memorandum of association 加上articles of association （英式英语）。 （美国）公司章程Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws 1）公司组织大纲 ARTICLES OFINCORPORATION OF XX公司组织大纲 First ：The name of this corporation is 第一条：本公司名称为___________________________________________ . Second: The purpose of this corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the state other than the banking business, the trust company business or the practice of a profession permitted to be incorporated by the State Corporations Code. 第二条：本公司的宗旨是从事XX州一般公司法规定的公司能够从事的一切合法行为或活动。 《XX州公司法典》所规定的金融业务、信托公司业务或专业活动不属于本公司的业务范畴。 Third ：The name and address in this state of the corporation 's initial agent for ser vice of process is: 第三条：本公司发起人的姓名及其在本州送达通知的地址为：
新加坡公司法-中文版
新加坡公司法-中文版 第十六章公司法 第一节导言 第二节公司成立及其后果 第三节公司治理 第四节公司权利的行使 第五节股东的救济 第六节公司股份 第七节公司债据与资产抵押 第八节公司困境 第九节公司解散 第一节导言 16.1.1 在新加坡,与公司有关的主要法律是《公司法(Cap50, 1994 Rev Ed)》(以下称“公司法”)。值得注意的是,一些特殊类型的公司,除了公司法之外,还要受到其他成文法的规制。如保险公司和银行,还要分别受《保险法 (Cap142,1994 Rev Ed)和《银行法(Cap20, 1994 Rev Ed)》的规制。有限责任合伙组织其实也是公司,受《有限责任合伙组织法(Cap289,1994 Rev Ed)》规制。在诸如《证券与期货法(Cap289, 1994 Rev Ed)》等其他成文法中,也有一些与公司有关的条款。
16.1.2 应该注意的是,普通法也会对与公司有关的成文法规范进行补充。 第二节公司成立及其后果 设立公司的义务 16.2.1 根据公司法第17(3)条的规定,拥有20名以上成员的经营组织都必须设立为公司。但该规定并不适用于那些遵照新加坡其他成文法设立的,由从事特定职业的个人组成的合伙组织(公司法第17(3)条)。法律职业的从业者,受《法律职业法(Cap161,1994 Rev Ed)》的规制,他们可以设立成员超过20人的合伙组织。 公司的登记 16.2.2 一般来说,只要提交相应的文件,缴纳规定的费用,任何人都可以在新加坡通过登记设立公司。设立公司时,必须提交的最重要的文件是公司章程和组织规章,公司法第19 (1)条对此作了强制性要求。公司章程和组织规章就是公司的宪章。根据公司法第22(1)条的规定,公司章程必须载明公司名称、公司股本[如果有的话],并表明公司成员承担的是有限责任还是无限责任。公司组织规章是公司的规章制度,其中也有与公司治理有关的规定。如果公司章程和组织规章有冲突,前者有优先效力。 16.2.3 公司章程一经登记,登记官便签发设立通知,宣布公司成立并在通知中载明成立的日期。该通知也会注明公司的类型,即成立的是有限责任公司还是无限责任公司,必要时还将表明成立的公司是私营公司[参见公司法第19(4)条]。 公司成立的效力 16.2.4 公司法第19(5)条规定了公司成立的一般效力,即公司作为一个法人组织,拥有此类实体的全部权利能力。公司可以自己的名义起诉或应诉,并且可以永久存续直至公司解散。公司还可以拥有土地,在公司解散时,其成员承担的是有限责任。
国际股份有限公司管理条例中英文对照参考文本
合同编号：xxxxxxx 国际股份有限公司管理条例中英文对照参考文本 甲方： 乙方： 签订时间： 签订地点：
Interpretation 释义 1．IntheseRegulations 一、在本章程中 "Act"meansthecompaniesAct; "法规"(Act)指《公司法》； "seal"meansthecommonsealofthecompany; “印鉴”指公司的通常印鉴； "secretary"meansanypersonappointedtoperformthedutiesofa secretaryofthecompany; “书记员”(secretary）指任何被指派履行公司书记员职务的人； 如无相反旨意，书面表达形式应解释为包括铅印、版印、影印及其他以可见形式呈现或复制文字的模式； wordsorexpressionscontainedintheseRegulationsshallbeint erpretedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheInterpretationAct, andoftheActasinforceatthedateatwhichtheseRegulationsbecomebi ndingonthecompany． 本章程所含的单词和词组应按《法律解释法》以及本章程对公司产生约束力之日有效的《公司法》的规定予以解释。 Sharecapitalandvariationofrights 股本和权利类别 2．Withoutprejudicetoanyspecialrightspreviouslyconferre