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《新职业英语》机电英语”Unit1-4课文翻译

《新职业英语》机电英语”Unit1-4课文翻译
《新职业英语》机电英语”Unit1-4课文翻译

《新职业英语》“机电英语”Unit1-4课文翻译

第1单元reading A:蓝天模具——创造辉煌蓝天模具公司是中国最著名的挤压式模具生产厂家之一。我们拥有TA 模具公

司和TC 模具公司两家分公司、四个级别的模具和上百种产品组。

TA 模具公司建于1993 年,占地面积达30英亩,位于久负盛名的“模具之乡”和“塑料王国”之称的城市——浙江省宁波市。2007 年,为了扩大企业进军世界市场,我们又新建一个TC 模具公司。

作为经验丰富的专业的模具生产商,我们已创立了一套独特而完整的挤压式集成系统模具制造理论。我们在模具设计、热塑精密缓动控制、PVC 低发泡技术、WPC 原料配方、挤压成型操作技术等方面都处于领先地位。

我们研发的众多模具产品被广泛地用于建筑材料业、装饰业、包装等行业,

包括日常生活用品。

我们致力于在各个领域创造辉煌。为了达成这样的目标,我们与客户紧密合作,共同努力,以最具有竞争力的价格、最优的品质满足客户要求。

能够为客户提供专家支持与建议,并为客户选择或开发符合自身要求的高效的模具产品提供解决方案,我们感到很自豪。我们的技术团队能够为您业务的各个阶段提供服务,并为客户提供现场操作培训,以使客户能够更有效地使用产品。除此之外,我们不满足于现状,从未停止过前进的脚步,不断追求提高产品

服务与质量。

由于我们有丰富的经验、先进的设备和高效的生产体系,我们的产品已出口40 多个国家和地区,包括欧洲、美洲、东南亚和中亚等。我们将尽力为全球的

客户提供中国最好的挤压式模具和全方位的技术支持。

我们愿和您携手共创灿烂美好的明天!

第1单元reading B:建立商务关系

建立商务关系是开发贸易关系的第一步。由于业务增长和开拓在很大程度上有赖于业务关系的建立,因此,适当得体的贸易信函是至关重要的。

欲与对方通过信函建立业务联系时,一定要告诉对方你是如何得知对方信息以及你们的主要业务领域,然后陈述目的和需求,最后表达你们想与对方在未来

建立合作的诚挚愿望。

以下是一封范文。

亲爱的王先生:

我们诚挚希望贵公司能发给我公司一份塑料模具产品目录和价格单,也包括各类型号的样品。贵方商务代表汤姆森先生向我们推荐了贵公司。汤姆森先生使我们相信贵公司是贵国历史悠久、信誉度高的模具公司之一。

我公司主要从事工民用建筑,因此,我方欲购买贵公司的许多产品。由于我们将加大对民用建筑的投资,因此对我方来说,产品有价格竞争力,而且供应商

信誉度高,这是基本的。

如果贵方产品的价格与质量均具有很强的吸引力,我方将大量定购。

我们的开户银行是总部在悉尼的澳大利亚国立银行,贵方可以要求该银行开具关

于我方的财务状况证明。

期盼您的尽快回复!

真诚的

马丁〃琼斯

莱亿玛盾公司总经理

回复这样的信函时,应该回答提供对方所提问题的有关信息。如果不能够满足对方要求,请谨记礼貌回复,并说明缘由,以为将来可能的合作打下基础。

第2单元reading A:中国的空气压缩机市场——过去和将来

作为一种通用机械,气体压缩机广泛应用于诸如石油化工、钢铁、冶金和汽车等行业。气体压缩机主要分为几种类型,包括离心压缩机、往复式压缩机和活

塞式压缩机等。

中国气体压缩机制造业近年来迅速发展。2007 年,中国355 家公司在气体压缩机工业上年销售收入超过500 万美元,其产值达到56.93 亿人民币,这个产值在整个机械行业的百分比为0.78,比前一年高0.03 个百分点。此外,其他指标也有所增加,例如,新产品产值,工业销售产值和出口交货值。

2009 年正在经历一场世界范围内严重的经济衰退,但是说这一行业也将受到很大的影响却是言之尚早,因为我国政府已经采取了一些有效的措施来处理这一问题。目前在气压缩机制造行业,中国有一个相对激烈的竞争和相对较低的行业集中。中国的气体压缩机制造商,主要分布在东部沿海地区,而在西部地区(包括西南和西北)这类公司较少,在那里存在着巨大的市场潜力,气体压缩机产业

可以得到进一步发展。

在第十一个五年计划期间(2006–2010 年),在一些行业,例如:石化、化工、纺织、煤炭/电力/ 石油和冶金,大型成套设备的本地化将为发展中国的气体压缩机制造业提供巨大的商机。在2006–2010 年期间根据计划,中国将建造重点行业中大量的重要项目。例如,在中国核电工业,五年时间里将建立20 多个核电站,这不仅为迅速发展气体压缩机制造业提供了广阔的市场,而且还为加速改善气体压缩机质量提供了一个独特的机会。

第2单元reading B:专家访谈——MEMS 开关应用于半导体测试市场专家访谈是任何工业市场研究的一个重要方面。从采访中,人们可以获取准确和广泛的信息。这种资料是非常重要的,作为一个公司可以通过这些信息清楚地了解自己过去的表现与业绩。而且还可以提供必要的结论,公司可以决定其未来的计划。行业访谈具有半引导性。在采访过程中,不管调查问卷是不是前期准备好的,都可以引导访问者满足一些基本的要求。

下面采访的这个技术专家在半导体测试工程以及相关的软件和硬件技术方面有广泛的技术背景。这位专家还与许多全球领先的半导体供应商合作,以了解半导体测试行业需要和面对的挑战;更重要的是,他在成功应用和发展创新的软件和硬件技术方面做出了很多贡献。此外,该专家共同创建和领导了不少公司。这些公司负责为半导体测试市场开发技术产品,并提供销售、营销和工程服务。

采访中回答以下问题:

—MEMS 开关的半导体测试市场有哪些主要应用?

—MEMS 开关应用于半导体测试都可以解决什么问题?

—谁是MEMS 开关的主要目标客户?

—目前半导体测试设备中是否使用MEMS 开关?如果

有,在这家公司,使用何种设备和应用?

—有哪些主要因素限制MEMS 开关在半导体测

试设备中的应用?

—这些限制是否可以克服,目前如何解决?

—当今市场上谁是MEMS 开关的主要供应者?

—哪些公司目前针对半导体测试设备市场?

第3单元reading A:计算机辅助设计

计算机辅助设计(CAD)就是运用计算机技术对设计加以辅助,特别是对部件或产品的绘图进行辅助。如今,CAD 已是一项非常重要的技术,因为相较于手工制图,它大大提高了工作效率。使用CAD 有诸多益处,如降低产品开发成本、缩短设计周期等。CAD 使设计者能在屏幕上设计、完善作品,将它打印出来,或储存起来以便将来编辑,节省了制图的时间。

CAD 分几个种类。每一种都要求操作者进行不同的思考,他得考虑要怎样运用这些类型,并以怎样不同的方式来设计虚拟元件。

低端的二维系统有很多源程序。这样,在最终图纸的设计过程中由于可以随时按要求调整,就避免了手绘图纸在范围和布局上的麻烦,提供了一种新的路径。有了它们的帮助,设计者就不必担心图纸的范围和布局。

三维线框基本上是二维制图的延伸。每根线条都得手工加入。最终成品没有与之相关的质量属性,也不能直接加入特征。创作三维实体建模类似于控制现实世界中的物体。基本的三维几何形模型都可以在上面加上或减去实体积,就像组合或切割现实的物体。从这些模型中能很容易地生成二维投影视图。

三维参数化实体建模要求操作者运用所谓的“设计理念”。创作的客体和特征都可以调整。将来的改动是简单、困难,还是几乎不可能,都有赖于原部件的

创造方式。如果要从部件的中心来定位某一特征,那么操作者就得从模型的中心来定位它,而可能不是像使用实体建模时那样,从一条近便的边或任意一点去定位。参数化实体建模要求操作者要考虑清楚行为的后果。

原则上,整个设计过程都可以用到CAD,但实际上,它在初期的作用有限,因为那时大量用到的是草图。如今有几个新研制的软件可用于设计初期。不过,它们效用如何,运用范围多广,尚待分晓。

第3单元reading B:齿轮减速器——伟大的设计齿轮减速器是一组齿轮、轴和轴承,封闭在外罩中,以类似太阳系的方式排列,由一个或几个行星齿轮围绕恒星齿轮的轨道运行。

变速器也被称为减速器。它们将输入速度(特别是由马达提供的)转化为较低的输出速度,同时相应创造较高的扭转力。换言之,减速器降低每分钟的转数,将之变为动力,用于低转速、高扭力的应用过程中。

齿轮减速器的排列方式是一项伟大的工程设计,相较传统减速器的排列方式而言,具有很多优点。其中之一就是,它将紧密性和出色的动力传输效能结合在一起。这一排列方式下每个阶段的效能损耗只有3%。这种效能可以确保输入减速器的大部分能量得以增加,并传递到扭矩,而不是浪费在减速器内部的机械耗损上。

齿轮减速器排列方式的另一优点在于其负荷分配。因为传输的负荷由多个行星齿轮共享,所以转矩能力得到大幅提升。系统中行星齿轮越多,承载能力就越

强。

齿轮减速器的排列方式也能带来更大的稳定性(因为它是个平衡的系统)并增加转动刚度。这种行星状排列方式也有弱点,如设计复杂,使用麻烦。比如,在下图中,固定轴的齿轮系统以传统方式排列,小齿轮驱动平行轴上的大齿轮。在行星状齿轮系统排列方式中,有一个或多个齿轮(行星齿轮)围绕小齿轮(恒星齿轮)旋转。行星状系统由于增加了齿轮的接触,工作优势明显高于另一系统。

Writing部分:

I learned some information about this project. As an intern having worked for five months, I’ve participated in two projects already but none of them can compete with this case in terms of scale. Therefore, I’m really eager to be a part of you r team to

accumulate more experience.

Of course, I can contribute to your design. My study in college has equipped me with good knowledge of CAD. I know its different types and have a good command of them. I’m confident to be a qualified assistant to you.

第4单元reading A:计算机辅助制造

计算机辅助制造(CAM)可定义为通过直接或间接与厂家生产资源相连接的计算机系统来规划、管理和控制工厂的运作。

CAM 的功能主要集中在四个方面:数字控制、工艺设计、机器人技术和工

厂管理。

数字控制

数控就是使用编码信息来控制加工机器的运动。在现代计算机数控系统中,运用CAM 程序,连接组件设计被高度自动化。这些程序生成一个计算机文件,该文件是用来解释控制机器工作所需要的指令,并且载入CNC 机器中进行生

产。

工艺设计

工艺设计是指从开始到结束的详细生产步骤,它基本描述了各车间的生产运作状况。用计算机辅助工艺设计是较为先进的技术,它使所谓的成组技术获得了新的发展。成组技术的基础就是把所有类似的部分归类,

使制造步骤标准化。

目前工艺设计系统还处于发展阶段,但它可以在几乎无需人工参与的情况下从几何模具数据库中直接设计出工艺流程。在该系统中,工艺设计师可以通过交流来复核设计工程师的设计,然后把结果输入CAM 系统,该系统将自动生成一

整套工艺流程设计。

机器人技术

把机器人技术融入CAM 技术正在取得不断的发展。美国空军集成计算机辅助制造项目就是其中之一,其目的就是在计算机自动化的环境下组织每个生产步骤。作为此项目的一部分,机器人被用来给飞机钣金部件钻孔。机器人钻出公差为0.005 的一组钻孔,然后对250 种部件中的任何一种的边缘进行加工处理,

生产率比传统的人工操作提高了4 倍。

工厂管理

该功能结合其他功能一起协调整个工厂的运作。该管理系统在很大程度上依赖于成组技术,计算机还执行各种管理任务,如库存控制和物资需求计划系统。

第4单元reading B: 塑料成型工艺

塑料可以模塑成各种形状,变硬定型后用作各种商业用途。塑料成型制品随处可见,如水杯、安全帽、塑料管、玩具、瓶子、箱子、各类配件、厨具等不胜枚举。你使用的键盘和鼠标也是由塑料成型工艺制成的,甚至你坐着的椅子的塑

料部件也是这样制成的。

塑料成型工艺的基本原理是:把熔化的液态塑料注入一个已成形的模具里,如瓶子模具。待它冷却后再移走模具,这时塑料瓶就制成了。

如果你正准备从事塑料成型业务,那你首先得了解其有哪些不同的工艺。下列基本定义解释了塑料成型工艺的不同方法。

1. 注塑成型: 该方法是把熔化后的塑料注入一个模具型腔,一旦冷却就移走模具。这种塑料成型过程通常用于某个产品的大批量生产。注塑模机出现于20 世纪30 年代。这些设备可以用来大批量生产玩具、厨具、瓶盖和手机座等。

2. 吹塑成型: 该工艺和注塑成型类似,只是热熔塑料是从一个机桶被垂直挤出,形成管状胚料。模具随后闭合,迫使胚料与模具内壁完全贴合。待冷却后,就形成了一个中空部件。塑料瓶、塑料管和塑料容器都属于吹塑成型产品。

3. 压缩成型: 该工艺是把一块硬塑料放在两个加热过的模具中间进行挤压。压缩成型通常使用立式压力机,而不是注塑成型和吹塑成型所使用的卧式压力机。制

成的部件最后由空气进行冷却。

4. 滚塑成型(旋转模塑成型):装有塑料粉末的中空模具固定在从主轴延伸出的许多管状轮辐上。主轴带动整个模具系统转至一个封闭的熔炉间,高温使模具内粉末熔化后附着在模具内壁。模具慢慢旋转至一个冷却室。在这里,喷射出的冷水使得模具内的塑料冷却硬化,从而形成一个中空部件。

城市学院英语课文翻译word版本

城市学院英语课文翻 译

Don't Wait Until Death Does Its Part We have but one body. It must last a lifetime. Without it, life ends, and we are done and finished. But do we treat our body fairly, lovingly, like prized possessions? Do we appreciate our body's nonstop efforts to function smoothly? My body asks for little: water to keep hydrated; food for nutrients, energy, and strong bones; rest when I'm tired or sick; and play to lift my spirits. Its ability to self-repair and respond to good care is incredible. But until recently, I have abused my body with excesses of all kinds. Not only did I take its resiliency for granted, I was annoyed when a physical problem, such as a cold or injury, kept me from doing what I want. Moreover, I was harshly critical when it failed to conform to standards of beauty in the media. My overeating, lazy lifestyle, and excessive work had a negative impact on my life, though not fatal. I've also seen friends and family members destroy their body through drugs, alcoholism, or workaholism. For years I had good intentions to change, but I didn't follow through. I could see my future: increased medical expenses, exhausted senses, premature death. Once I understand that it is in my own self-interest to take care of it, I'm struggling to develop a positive relationship with my body. Evidently, I'm not the only one with this awareness now. I begin to make more constructive choices. Instead of asking the question, “What do I want?” I ask, “What does my body need?” And then I respond acc ordingly. Positive actions — exercising, eating mindfully, getting enough rest and water, limiting my work hours, and scheduling recreation — have gradually become regular habits rather than disciplined efforts. After all, each of us gets only one body. So don't wait until death does its part. Appreciate our body and treat it lovingly. It will reward us with a longer, healthier and happier life.

(完整版)机电专业英语

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2、应力和应变在任何工程结构中独立的部件或构件将承受来自于部件的使用状况或工作的外部环境的外力作用。如果组件就处于平衡状态,由此而来的各种外力将会为零,但尽管如此,它们共同作用部件的载荷易于使部件变形同时在材料 里面产生相应的内力。有很多不同负载可以应用于构件的方式。负荷根据相应 时间的不同可分为: (a)静态负荷是一种在相对较短的时间内逐步达到平衡的应用载荷。 (b)持续负载是一种在很长一段时间为一个常数的载荷, 例如结构的 重量。这种类型的载荷以相同的方式作为一个静态负荷; 然而,对一些材料与温度和压力的条件下,短时间的载荷和长时间的载荷抵抗失效的能力可能是不同的。 (c)冲击载荷是一种快速载荷(一种能量载荷)。振动通常导致一个冲击载荷, 一般平衡是不能建立的直到通过自然的阻尼力的作用使振动停止的时候。 (d)重 复载荷是一种被应用和去除千万次的载荷。 (e)疲劳载荷或交变载荷是一种大 小和设计随时间不断变化的载荷。上面已经提到,作用于物体的外力与在材料 里面产生的相应内力平衡。因此,如果一个杆受到一个均匀的拉伸和压缩,也就是说, 一个力,均匀分布于一截面,那么产生的内力也均匀分布并且可以说杆是 受到一个均匀的正常应力,应力被定义为应力==负载 P /压力 A, 因此根据载荷的性质应力是可以压缩或拉伸的,并被度量为牛顿每平方米或它的倍数。如果一个杆受到轴向载荷,即是应力,那么杆的长度会改变。如果杆的初始长度 L 和改变量△L 已知,产生的应力定义如下: 应力==改变长△L /初始长 L 因此应 力是一个测量材料变形和无量纲的物理量 ,即它没有单位;它只是两个相同单位的物理量的比值。一般来说,在实践中,在荷载作用下材料的延伸是非常小的, 测量的应力以*10-6 的形式是方便的, 即微应变, 使用的符号也相应成为 ue。从某种意义上说,拉伸应力与应变被认为是正的。压缩应力与应变被认为是负的。因此负应力使长度减小。当负载移除时,如果材料回复到初始的,无负载 时的尺寸时,我们就说它是具有弹性的。一特定形式的适用于大范围的工程材 料至少工程材料受载荷的大部分的弹性, 产生正比于负载的变形。由于载荷正 比于载荷所产生的压力并且变形正比于应变, 这也说明,当材料是弹性的时候, 应力与应变成正比。因此胡克定律陈述, 应力正比于应变。这定律服从于大部 分铁合金在特定的范围内, 甚至以其合理的准确性可以假定适用于其他工程材 料比如混凝土,木材,非铁合金。当一个材料是弹性的时候,当载荷消除之后,任何负载所产生的变形可以完全恢复,没有永久的变形。材料的弹性范围即是适用于胡克定律的范围,已经表明, 应力/应变==常数常数被赋予符号 E,被称为弹性模量或杨氏模量。因此 E =应力/应变杨氏模量 E 一般认为在拉伸和压缩 里是一样的,大多数工程材料有一个高的数值。典型的,钢的 E = 200 * 109 N / m2,所以它将被观察到,Eq.应变通常是非常小的。在最常见的工程应用中应变很少会超过 0、1%。对任何材料,杨氏模量的实用价值,通常是提供了一个标准的材料测试标本。 4、工程机械概述正如我们环顾四周,我们看到世界的“东西”:机器全,设备,工具;事情,我们已经设计,建造和使用;木材,金属,陶瓷制成的东西, 和塑料。我们从经验知道,有些事情是比别人做得更好,他们去年更长,成本 更低,更安静,看起来更好,或者更容易使用。理想的情况,但是,每个这样 的项目已按设计一些“功能要求,”由设计者认为,也就是说,它的设计,以 回答这个问题,“究竟是什么职能应是执行?在工程世界”,频繁的主要功能 是如此的支持,由于一些装载重量,惯性,压力式,从我们家中的光束,飞机

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Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges A Famous Quote: The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. - Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt(1882-1945), the 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945), he led the nation out of the Great Depression and later into World War II. Before he died, he cleared the way for peace, including establishment of the United Nations. His presidency is widely regarded as one of the greatest in US history. Text A: 300 Hurdles Pre-reading Questions: 1. Have you ever done hurdles? What do you think of it? 2. What kinds of difficulties and challenges have you ever met in your life? Life may give you negative, but don’t despair – it may just develop into a beautiful picture one day. This year, I realized my theory that I have on life. Life is like a 300m hurdle race. Since I run the 300m hurdles, I would know what the race is like. The first thing to any race is worrying about whether you are going to win or not. This relates to worrying about the petty things in life. Does it really matter if you win? Is it really going to be the end of the world? Or will you be upset if you lose and forget about it? In life we worry too much and live in the moment too little. Next is the lining up in our own individual lanes. We each start at different spots, but the race is still the same distance for everyone. This relates to our lives taking us to different places and putting us in different situations, but hopefully we will end up in the same place, but maybe at different times. Now comes the beginning of the race. We all try to keep up with everyone and pace ourselves with other people. This symbolizes that at times in everyone’s lives we worry about fitting in or being the same as other people, instead of worrying about being unique. If anyone were the same, the world would be incredibly boring. Now comes the first hurdle. This hurdle is the easiest to get over because you are not worn out from running. We all make it over this hurdle with ease. This symbolizes those obstacles in life that we struggle to get over, but we

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