英语文体学3,4
Chapter 3 Varieties of Language
语言变体(varieties of language)可分为两类：一类是方言变体(dialectal varieties), 俗称方言；另一类是话语类变体(diatypic varieties), 亦称语域（register）。方言是以语言的使用者（users）为基准而区分的语言变体；语域则是按照语言使用者对语言的使用（uses）而区分的语言变体。因此，方言多与交际者的社会阶层、社会地位、地域、年龄、性别及所处的时代等因素有关，比较稳定；语域则多与交际者所从事的社会活动密切相关。
方言(Dialect):
1) 语言使用者的个人特征（individuality）--Idiolect
(语言的流利度、清晰度、表达能力大小等。例：Mr X’s English, Mr Y’s English。)
2) 时代特征（temporal features）--Temporal Dialect
3) 地域特征（geographical feature）--Regional Dialect
4) 社会特征（social features）--Social Dialect
Socioeconomic status varieties 社会经济变体
Ethnic varieties 种族变体
Gender varieties 性别变体
Age varieties 年龄变体
5) 可理解的程度和范围—Standard Dialect
方言(Dialects)具有社会指示功能，方言不仅能体现人物的地域特征，而且能反映出人物的社会地位、文化程度乃至个人性格，这一点在文学作品中最为明显
语域(Register)
1) Field of Discourse(话语范围/语场)
Non-technical fields of discourse
Technical fields of discourse
2) Mode of Discourse(话语方式/语式)
Speech: conversing, monologuing
Writing: texts written to be spoken as if not written/ written to be read
3) Tenor of Discourse(话语基调/语基)
Personal Tenor(个人基调)
Functional Tenor(功能基调)
1) Field of Discourse(话语范围/语场)
话语范围指的是言语交际过程中发生的事情，进行的活动，论及的事情或表达的经验等，它能体现语言使用者在特定情境语境中所要实现的交际目的和作用。
话语范围是语言概念(interpersonal)功能的体现。
话语范围不同于话题（topic）或主题，一个话语范围可有多个话题。话题或主题是体现话语范围的事例。（related topic in phatic communion: weather, health, news etc.）
话语范围主要有专业话语范围和非专业话语范围两大类。
Example:
A: Hi, how are things?
B: Not so bad, and you?
A: Could be worse.
B: Hear the Budget?
A: Wish I hadn’t.
B: (laugh) Never mind, it’s going to be a good weekend.
A: It had better be.
(They continue on their way.)
2) Mode of Discourse(话语方式/语式)
话语方式指言语交际的媒介或渠道，人们常把媒介简单分为―讲话‖（speaking）和―写作‖（writing）两种方式。
讲话和写作之间的区别不是绝对的。（P102）
3) Tenor of Discourse(话语基调/语基)
话语基调指的是交际情境中讲话者与受话者之间的关系（relationship）和讲话者的交际意图（intention）,主要分为个人基调（personal tenor）和功能基调（functional tenor）。
个人基调表达交际双方存在的关系。人们之间关系的亲密或正式程度与语言表达的清晰度成反比。
功能基调反映语言在特定情景中所能实现的交际意图。功能基调主要分为寒暄性的(phatic)，说明性的(expository)，说服性的(persuasive)和说教性(didactic)的等几大类。
三者之间的关系：
功能基调能够影响语篇类型的结构。（广告）
个人基调和功能基调可以相互独立。（大学讲课）
个人基调和功能基调可以同时在语言交际过程中起作用，二者没有固定关系（母女谈话）话语方式和话语范围密切相关。专业的话语范围往往用书面语方式，反之用口语方式。
话语方式与话语基调密切相关。正式的个人基调往往用书面语方式，非正式个人基调则用口头方式。
Example:
Dear Sir,
I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter of the 30th of December…
Dear Jane,
I’m terribly sorry not to have got round to writing before now…
总结：
语场、语式和语基不是语域的组成部分，而是决定语域的三个情景变项。在情境语境的三个变项中，任何一个变项发生了变化，都会引起语域的变化。
Exercise:Several ways of asking about the time are listed below. Please identify the addresser-addressee relationship and the possible occasion on which each of them is used.
(1) Excuse me, could you tell me the right time, please?
(2) What time is it, please?
(3) What’s the time?
(4) Time?
(5) How much longer have we got?
(6) My watch seems to have stopped …
Chapter 4 Linguistic Description
Question:
What are the procedures of literary criticism?
The procedures of stylistic analysis:
Description(描述)
Interpretation(阐释)
Evaluation (评价)
Description-Explanation-Evaluation
语言描写是基础。
对任何语言的语体或文体的研究都是围绕语言运用的表达效果和交际效果这一总目标进行的。因此，文体和语体分析（stylistic analysis）是建立在语言描写基础之上的。
What are the aims of stylistics in linguistic description?
Stylistics aims at providing a methodology of analysis – a clear technique of description which, ideally, will allow any persons to cope with any text they want to study, a procedure that can ensure that no items of stylistic significance is overlooked.
It replaces a sporadic approach with a systematic one and seeks to avoid over-reliance on intuitive ability in stylistic analysis.
语言描写是前提，不依赖语言描写而凭个人对语言的直觉来阐释文本，容易导致印象主义的文学批评。语言描写是文体分析的一种手段，它有助于我们阐释文本，但不是目的。文体分析的目的在于说明作品为什么和怎么样才获得其特定的意义；它既要包括语言描写和语言分析，也要包括阐释活动。
Stylistic Features
Definition: (P.44)
能够在特定语境中体现特定文体功能的语言特征统称为文体标志（stylistic markers）或文体特征（stylistic features）
Stylistic features at three levels: (P.44-67)
1) phonology and graphology
2) lexis and grammar
3) semantics
Stylistic features at three levels
Ⅰ. Stylistic features at the first level
A. Phonological features
1. Segmental features
onomatopoeia, sound symbolism, assimilation, repetition of sounds (alliteration, assonance, consonance, rhyme)
Examples:
1. Men may meet but mountains never. (alliteration)
2. Want of wit is worse than want of wealth. (alliteration)
3. Speaking without thinking is shooting without aiming. (consonance)
4. The door creaked open. (onomatopoeia)
5. He wined and dined with the leading citizens of each country during his tour of Europe. (rhyme)
2. Supra-segmental features
stress
Rhythm
Intonation
Pause
tempo
B. Graphological features
Alphabet, the number system, punctuation, capitalization, heading, italicizing, bracketing,
diagramming, paragraphing, spacing, etc.
Ⅱ. Stylistic features at the second level
A. Grammatical features
Sentence type
Clause type
Group type
Word type
B. Lexical features
General wording inclination
Connotative meaning内涵意义
Collocation词语搭配
Ⅲ. Stylistic features at the third level
Text as a semantic unit语义单元
Cohesion
Paragraphing
Discourse pattern
Rhetorical devices
Semantic roles
Procedures of Stylistic Description
Supplementary Materials for Linguistic Description
Level 2: Lexical and grammatical features
Lexical features:
denotation and connotation
Denotation字面义is the specific, direct, and literal meaning of a word. Connotation隐含义is the associative or suggestive meaning of a word.
e.g. maxim格言, epigram警句, proverb谚语, saying, motto座右铭
proverb: a saying from the Bible.
Saw彦: the kind of wisdom handed down to us anonymously
epigram: a witty statement
motto: a favorite saying of a sect or political group
Maxim: a saying that is widely accepted on its own merit.
General words and specific words
e.g.
tree – oak, elm, poplar
ship – liner, brig, bark, tanker, cargo steamer
Abstract words and concrete words
e.g.
concrete words: peach, pear, apple, apricot
abstract words: sweetness, fuzziness, softness
Short words and long words
long (formal) words: satisfied, obtained, concealment, removed, justified, returnability, deportation, exclusion, conductive
short (informal) words: happy, got, hiding, got rid of, shown to be right, return, sending away, forced leaving, leading
Exercise:
Agitators搅拌器，挑拨者, activists积极活跃分子, supporters支持者
1,Antiapartheid反种族隔离的( ) built a symbolic shanty on the green to protest the university’s refusal to sell its investments in companies doing business in South Africa.
2，Left-wing ( ) threw up an eyesore眼中钉right on the green to try to stampede惊跑the university into politicizing its investment policy.
3，( ) of human rights i n South Africa challenged the university’s investment in racism种族主义by erecting a protest shanty on campus.
Grammatical features:
(1) Simple, Compound, Complex and Compound-complex Sentences
A simple sentence consists of one independent clause and express a complete thought. The subject or the predicate, or both, may be compound.
e.g. She explained the location of the house to me.
A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined by a co-ordinating conjunction(and, but, nor, or, so, yet) or by a semicolon without a conjunction. Each independent clause must have its own subject and verb.
e.g. It had been a long day, so we were very tired.
A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses and expresses a complete thought. The dependent clause is joined by a subordinating conjunction.
e.g. I complimented Joe when he finished the job.
A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause and expresses a complete thought.
e.g. Sister Lucy tried her best to help Martin, but he was an undisciplined boy who drove many teachers to despair.
Examples:
Both my roommate and I had left our keys in the room.
Those who do not like to get dirty should not go camping.
Sister Lucy tried her best to help Martin, but he was an undisciplined boy who drove many teachers to despair.
It is nearly half past five, and we cannot reach town before dark.
At the country club, the head and his assistant give lessons, run the golf shop, and try to keep the members content.
Although the situation is perilous, there is still one chance of escape.
(2) Declarative陈述, interrogative疑问, imperative祈使and exclamatory sentence感叹句
(3) Loose and periodical sentences
A loose sentence松散句is a basic statement with a string of details added to it.
e.g. She sang the National Anthem, holding the sheet music in her hand in case she forgot the words.
A periodic sentence掉尾句is a sentence in which the subordinate idea comes first and the main idea comes last. The periodic sentence is especially useful for creating tension or building toward a climactic or surprise ending.
e.g. We are choosing the assistant manager from among several applicants since they have strong qualifications in accounting as well as being trained in customer service.
Wondering what to say, nervously rubbing his nose, he stood silently for a moment.
He served the stew with embarrassment, knowing that several of his guests were excellent cooks who were to polite to complain.
Despite the fact that the vast majority of the Indians were friendly, the Spanish invaders murdered or raped many of the Indians they met.
Built at a cost of 16 million dollars, with a mile-long center span and supported at either end by stone towers that were once the tallest buildings in the country, the Brooklyn Bridge celebrated its centenary in 1983.
英语文体学教程
Chapter1 1, what is style in your opinion according to what we have studied in this chapter? Anwser1 , from the perspective of the content, the events and activities described ,style is saying different things in different ways ;from the perspective of the ways of expression used ,styled is same thing in different ways; from the perspective of the users of language ,style is different speakers using language in different ways; and from the perspective of the text ,style is the functions of texts for different purposes. Anwser2, the definition of style is the concept of style as choice .this definition can have at least too interpretations .one is that first we have a pre-existing thought ,and then we choice the appropriate type of expression to express it in language. The chosen expression is the style .another is that the choice refers to the choice of meaning. The choice of language is at the same time a choice of meaning and a choice of style . 2,what is the significance of studying the style of language in learning and teaching English? Anwser, the answer is that if we want to use language appropriately in different situations , we need to study style .as foreign language learners, if we disregard the rules of using what variety of language in what occasion , or fail to obey them through ignorance , language can become instead a barrier to successful communication . Therefore its necessary to have a clear awareness of how language should be used in different types of situations especially in unfamiliar situations. 3, what factors can result in differences in style ? Answer , 1, the different types of vocabulary create different images of the events in the rea der’s mind, so they can result in different styles.2,people living in different periods of time in history will also speak differently ,and that will result in a different style. Chapter2 1, explain the following terms 1),foregrounding: the stylistically significant features have to be prominent and motivated ,that is ,foregrounded. 2),incongruity: the linguistic features depart from the normal use of language ,breaking the rules grammar ,spelling ,pronunciation. 3)deflection : the linguistic features don’t depart from the established grammatical, lexical and logical rules and principles ,but have an unexpected high frequency of occurrence. 4),field; its concerned with what is happening ,including the subject matter,the events happenings,going-ons, the content ,etc 5)tenor: its concerned with who is taking part in the exchange of meaning ----the relationship between the speaker and the listener ,their relative status,their attitude,and their role relations . 6)mode: its concerned with how the interaction is conducted ,that is whether it is written or spoken ,or whether it is expressed by phonic substance or graphic substance. 2,question for discussion 2)in rhetorical series,the number of items can influence the stylistic effect.try to analyze the causes on the basis of social culture. Answer :different numbers of words can produce different stylistic effects in the appropriate contexts. Two items express assertion ,that is ,it is just this ,not that .In appropriate situations three items can produce ethic ,persuasive, and representative effect. Four or more items in a series
最新英语文体学知识重点
Chapter 1 Introduction ·What is the English Stylistics？ It is a science that deals with the research for a wide variety of the styles of written and oral English in English language. ·What are language functions? a) To deliver some infor to other people b) To communicate with each other in society ·How do we express ourselves in a proper way? Several factors do work. a)Phonetics b)Vocabulary c)Grammar d)Some knowledge concerning English stylistics ·The correctness in using the language can not replace the appropriateness in language communication. Why? Four examples: a) “ Hello ” and “ Hi ” b) “ Assist me! Assist me! ” and “ Aid! Aid! ” c) “That’s all right.” “That’s to say.” “It’s O.K..” d) See next page d) “ I am terribly sorry to hear that your husband has just died, but don’t let it upset you too much. You’re an attractive, young lady. I’m pretty sure it is very easy for you to find someone else soon. ” ·The effects of language expressions are sometimes related to some non-linguistic factors. a) Sex ------ “ Oh, my God! ” b) Age ------ “ Cheers! ” and “ Bye for now. ” c) Vocation ------ “ Watch the birdie. ” d) Received education ------ “ go to W.C. ” e) Social station ------ “ What prompted you to apply for this job? ” ·Why should we learn and study English stylistics? a) It will help us to express ourselves in English properly. b) It will help us to know something about language features of a variety of English written styles. c) It will help us to select a proper way for getting the best language effects and attaining our communicative purposes. d) It will help us to go at literary criticism. e) It will help us to do the translation work well. Chapter 2 Language Description & Stylistic Analysis ·There are 4 phonetic means in English: 1) stress 2) Intonation 3) pause 4) voice quality. ·Stress has several apparent stylistic and grammatical functions. (1) The first function is for emphasis. (2) The second function is to change the meaning or the part of speech of some words, or both. (3) The third function is to differ some English words (4) The fourth function is to show someone’s surprise, anger, fear, doubt, pleasure, etc..·Intonation can be employed to express people’s happiness, sadness, certainty, hesitation, depression, etc. There are 5 pitches in phonetics: (1) The falling pitch is used to show the meaning of definiteness, certainty and completeness. (2) The rising pitch is employed to show the meaning of indefiniteness, uncertainty and incompleteness. (3) The fall-rise pitch is used to give people some encouragement or give people a warning. (4) The rise-fall pitch is employed to give people a sincere praise or to show the feeling of shock. (5) The level pitch is used to give account on something happened in the past. ·Pause can be divided into two. 精品文档
英语文体学
Unit 5 Formal vs Informal Language 英教0901班董宜之程雅洁田冬雪
Contents 5.1 The interpersonal function of language 5.2 Degrees of formality 5.3 Functional tenor and degrees of formality 5.4 Martin Joo’s Classification 5.5 Speech situation and formality 5.6 Formality and linguistic features 5.7 Sets of co-occurring features 5.8 Involved vs informational texts 5.9 Tenors, field, and mode
5.1 The interpersonal function of language 1.Functions of language: ●the ideational / referential function ●the interpersonal / social / expressive function ●the textual function 2. Tenors of discourse: the relationship between participants in the situation, their roles and status. The participant relations that determine the tenor of discourse range through varying degrees of permanence.
研究论文：英语文体学知识在大学英语教学中的应用
88152 学科教育论文 英语文体学知识在大学英语教学中的应 用 中图分类号：H319 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-1578（2016）06-0009-02 1 引言 长期以来，英语文体学是大学英语专业学生的一门专业课，非英语专业的学生对英语文体学理论及问题分析方法则比较陌生。在英语学习中学生往往因缺乏识别不同英语文体能力而造成语域误用。在大学英语授课过程中教师往往感到，学生在掌握了语法和常用词汇，有了基本的听说读写能力之后，对于文体风格的辨别则成了一个重要的问题，他们往往不注意在不同场合应使用不同语域的语言。如写论述文时使用十分口语化的句式，而翻译正式文体时用词又过于通俗等，这是在我国高校大学生英语学习过程中普遍存在的现象。因此，在大学英语教学中，教师要有意识地引导学生了解、学习、掌握各类文体的不同特
点，从而提高学生的文体意识，学会正确使用英语，提高学生的英语综合应用能力及文学鉴赏力。 2 文体学理论 文体学（stylistics）是一门运用现代语言学理论和方法研究文体，研究语言表达方式和表达效果的学科。Style（文体）指某种语体的风格特征，即适用于某特定语言环境的一整套语言变异形式。文体学（stylistics）是指“对（style）变异的研究，语言风格变异取决于语言使用的场合，也取决于作者或说话者希望能对读者或听者作成的影响”。[1]随着语言学研究的开展，文体学吸取了传统的风格学与修辞学的某些成分，以语言学的理论和方法为依据，从日常谈话到正式演讲，从诗歌到散文，从新闻、广告到小说、戏剧，进行系统的分析研究，探讨语言风格上的特点，并寻求其规律。 文体学在大学英语教学中的运用主要体现在文体分析上。英语文体分析主要采用比较语言学的方法，通过对语音、词汇、语法、句法及语篇结构等的文体及社会功能、英语的变异现象和各种变体的描述与分析，帮助学生初步掌握各种描述分析语言的方法，以及了解语言在特定环境中的文体特征、社会功能，同时要通过作品的描述和分
英语语言学基础知识
英语语言学基础知识 一、绪论语言学的定义语言的定义语言学的研究范畴语言的甄别特征 几对基本概念 (2) a large amount of communication is carried out in speech than in writing What is linguistics? 什么是语言学？ (3) speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language Language and parole 语言与言语 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general. 语言学是对语言科学地进行研究的学科。语言学所要 研究的不是某一种特定的语言，Language refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 而是人类所有语言的特性。 Parole refers to the realization of language in actual use The scope of linguistics 语言学研究的范畴 Competence and performance 能力与运用 Phonetics语音学\Phonology音系学\Morphology形态学\Syntax句法学\Semantics语义学\Pragmatics语用学Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users’ knowledge of the rules of his language \Sociolinguistics社会语言学\Psycholinguistics心理语言学\Applied linguistics应用语言学 Performance: The actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Prescriptive vs. descriptive 规定性与描述性 What is language? 什么是 语言？ Descriptive：A linguistic study describes and analyzes the
未选择的路 赏析 英语文体学论文
An Stylistics analysis on the Poem the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost 英语文体学结课论文
摘要 罗伯特·弗罗斯特是一名美国著名诗人，本诗《未选择的路》是他的一篇名作，诗中以作者面对森林中两条道路时的思想活动展开描写，引出了深刻的哲理——面对人生的选择要慎重考虑，且无法回头。本诗语言朴实，全文通俗易懂，且采用传统的诗歌文体，读来朗朗上口，但意味深长。本文从诗歌的文体，作者，以及思想三个方面对此诗做了简略分析。 关键词: 道路，选择，通俗，文体 Abstract The Road Not Taken is a famous poem written by the notable American poet Robert Frost. This poem is started from the psychological activity of the writer when he was facing the two roads in the forest, and then lead to a profound philosophy——people must keep cautious when facing choices, and could never come back. The language is and traditional and easy to understand. This paper makes a brief analysis on this poem from three aspects: literary form, writer, and clou. Key words: roads, choice, easy to understand, literary form
文体学论文
Stylistic Analysis of An Extract of Conversation Introduction Conversation is the most commonly used kind of language. Therefore , it is especially a variety familiar to the majority of English -speaking people . This variety is used in everyone’s daily life . And it has its own distinct stylistic features . Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the manners/linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels. Causal style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants. It is the language used among intimate friends, acquaintances, insiders, and people with shared knowledge. In casual visits ,chance meetings ,casual talks, or letters between friends this style is often found . Colloquial words, clipped words, clipped words, phrasal verbs, blend words are often used. Sentences are usually short, elliptical, with a lot of contractions. And the tone tends to be friendly and informal. This passage possesses almost all characteristics of conversation. It could be an appropriate material for stylistic analysis. This is a conversation between two housewives who are in the same age range
英语文体学学期论文范文
英语文体学学期论文范文 英语文体学学期论文范文-Stylistic Analysis of Brack Obamas Victory SpeechAbstract: Public speech is an art. It presents the features of formal written language while exhibiting characteristics of the spoken. Barack Obama ,an excellent speaker, addressed his victory speech on NOV 5, 2008 in Chicago. This speech, which is very convincing, is considered a classic. This paper analysis the speech from four aspects: content, grammatical features, lexical features and semantic features. Through the essay, we can have a better understanding of the public speech.Key Words: Obama, victory speech; stylistic analysisOn NOV 5,2008,Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of America, becoming the first national leader in American history. On the evening, Obama addressed his victory speech in Chicago. The theme of Obamas victory speech is change is coming to America in response to the special period of US. Form the perspective of stylistics, the speech can be analyzed form four aspects: content, grammatical features, lexical features and semantic features.1.Introduction of the contentIn terms of the main idea of the speech, it can be divided into five parts, including:celebration(para.1-5),thanks(para.6-10),challenge(para.3
英语文体学 1
English Stylistics 英语文体学 Course Introduction Course title: English Stylistics Course hours: 2 per week, 34 in total Assessment: 1. Attendance 2. After-class preparation for related topics 3. In-class performance and involvement 4. Quiz 5. Final exam Teaching Objectives: Have a systematic knowledge of the features of different varieties of language Make appropriate use of language in our communication Familiarize ourselves with the stylistic features of the different genres of literature Deepen our understanding and appreciation of literary works Offer useful ideas on translation and language teaching Textbook: English Stylistics(英语文体学) Other reference books: Introduction to English Stylistics《英语文体学引论》（丁往道王佐良）
英语文体学考试
The analysis of Americans and the land from the perspective of stylistics This essay mainly talks about the fact that Americans who treat the nature without responsibility and mercy just like their early settlers. The author John Steinbeck, who is one of the winners of the Nobel Prize for literature, described how people pillaged the country vividly from different perspectives. He tries to express the idea that human should live with nature harmoniously. This paper is going to do the stylistic analysis from the aspects of vocabulary, syntax and the context. In terms of vocabulary, there exists an intimate relationship between vocabulary and stylistics. Jonathan swift defined stylistics as ”putting proper words in proper order”. Different words have different emotive tendency. In this essay, the author uses the pronoun “they”–meaning the Americans, six times, expressing his dissatisfaction of everything their ancestors have done to the continent. In the second paragraph, the word “our” is used nine times, functioning in the following two aspects. The first is to state his sorrow for the environment we has to live with has been severely polluted. The repeatedly presentation of the word empathized the effect. The second is to satirize the pillagers’ arrogancy and ignorance. These two pronouns well conveyed the idea that man should not conquer and change the environment but maintain the balance of the eco-system. He also uses the figure of personification for example ”Then the plows went in and ripped off the protection water and slow drought and the mischievous wind that roamed through the Great Central Plains.” Sentences are the basic units of language, which have different structures. In the first paragraph, the author used parallelism to strengthen the tone and ellipsis which briefly and intensely expressed the author’s idea. The combination of parallelism and ellipsis such as “They burned “successfully exhibits how fast people destruct the environment. The figure of simile has also been used for example “they come as though” and “… as though they held”. The American treat the country as a quarry not
英语文体学讲稿
Chapter one: Introduction to Stylistics（4hrs） Definition of stylistics: Stylistics is a special kind of subject, which applies the techniques and concepts of modern linguistics to the study of literary texts. And it is based upon the idea that the examination or analysis of the language of a literary text can be a means to a fuller understanding and appreciation of the writer’s artistic achievement. So stylistics studies language as it is used in literary texts, with the aim of relating it to the artistic functions of language use. Stylistics is based upon the idea that all artistic works have content and form, usually the content can decide the form, but the other way round, the form can have counter-effect upon the content. It is also true of literary works. This definition does not mean that the learning of stylistics demands a great deal of linguistic knowledge. In stead, it requires the learner to be familiar with some basic concepts and traditional terms in grammar, phonetics, and rhetoric. And of course, the learner should also be curious and make full use of an explicit understanding of language——not just language used in the given literary context. Stylistic study/analysis Stylistics makes for a widening and deepening of the aesthetic taste. Leo Spitzer’s insistence is that the smallest detail of the used by in a particular literary text can unlock the soul of a literary work. That is, by noticing the smallest detail, the reader can understand and explain how a particular effect or meaning is achieved. Then the reader is more likely to appreciate the creation of the writer’s. Leo Spitzer: the only way to get out of the state of un-productivity is to read and reread. Summing up: Any stylistic study of a literary text starts from some curiosity or the curious noticing of some details or some special features of a particular case of language use, or such uses in a literary text. For in both linguistic and literary spheres, much rests on the intuition and personal judgment for which a system, however good, is an aid rather then a substitute. So interest and curiosity is the mother of stylistic discovery. And the method of getting some interest or insight is to read and reread the text you are going to analyze. It goes through the linguistic analysis of these details and comes to the realization of the special effects realized thereby.
英语文体学论文
Text analysis for the Course of Stylistics Topic 1: Register Analysis and relevant features This essay is due to analyze the text “What does i t mean to be a digital native?”. (https://www.docsj.com/doc/b815776875.html,/2012/12/04/business/digital-native-prensky/index.html) Firstly, author will analyze the register of the text, and then discuss three significant features of the text in different aspects which related to the register. 1.Register To analyze the register, it is necessary to know the definition of register. Here is the description from Wiki-pedia: In linguistics, a register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For example, when speaking in a formal setting, an English speaker may be more likely to adhere more closely to prescribed grammar, pronounce words ending in -ing with a velar nasal instead of analveolar nasal (e.g. "walking", not "walkin'"), choose more formal words (e.g. father vs. dad, child vs. kid, etc.), and refrain from using contractions such as ain't, than when speaking in an informal setting. We can get the register’s definition clearly from above sentences. To say it popularly, it is different types of texts. Back to the text “What does i t mean to be a digital native?”, without stylistic feature, it is better to consider in three aspects: the text’s publication site, text’s content and its