新编英语语法教程教案第一 章

Teaching Notes

Chapter One

The Hierarchical Structure of Grammar

Ⅰ Teaching Aims:

This chapter aims to:

1. help students to know the hierachial structure of English

grammar.

2. get students to learn morphemes words, phrases and sentences

and their classification.

Ⅱ Teaching Procedures

1. Introduction

The grammatical structure of English is a hierarchical one, which can be divided into five levels, i.e. Sentence, Clause, Phrase, Word and Morpheme. A sentence is the largest unit and highest level in a grammatical structure while a morpheme is the smallest and lowest one.

2. Morphemes

A morpheme is the smallest unit in English grammar, and also the smallest meaningful unit of language.

1) Free Morphemes

Free morphemes are morphemes which can constitute words by themselves, e.g. boy, girl, work, water.

2) Bound Morphemes

Some morphemes like de-, dis-, -ness, -ly are never used independently in speech and writing. They are always attached to free morphemes to form new words. These morphemes are called bound morphemes.

Bound morphemes are mostly affixes. Affixes are attached to free morphemes either to form new words or to indicate grammatical categories. Affixes can be divided into two types: prefixes and suffixes.

3. Words

1) Simple Word, Derivative, Compound Word

a) simple words (morpheme words):at, far, hand, get

b) derivatives:

prefixes: dislike, unhappy, pronoun, prewar

suffixes: worker, widen, foolish, manly

c) compound words: handbook, outline, moreover, anybody

2) According to grammatical function, English words can be classified

into Closed Class and Open Class.

a) Closed Class

Closed class refers to all the Function words. The number of this type of words are limited. No new comers will enter into this class.

Therefore, this kind of words are called Closed Class. They include:

Preposition: in, on, without

Pronoun: you, he, one, this

Determiner: a, the, his, that, some

Conjunction: and, or, but, when

Auxiliary: do, can, must, will

b) Open Class

Open class refers to all the Content Words. In this type of words, new words appear continuously. Therefore, they are called Open Class. They included:

Noun: Smith, Paris, man, book

Adjective: old, big, cheap

Adverb: here, fast, early

Main Verb: work, make, give

4. Phrases

A phrase is a grammatical unit which is formed by one word or more than one word. A phrase is usually a string of words built up around a head word which determines both the class that the phrase belongs to and the way the phrase is structured.

Noun Phrase ( N P ):

all the college students

the tall boy sitting there

Verb Phrase ( V P ):

looks pale

arrived last night

Adjective Phrase ( Adj P ):

very difficult

careful enough

Adverb Phrase ( Adv P ):

very clearly

so slowly

Preposition Phrase ( P.P ):

before the war

in the north

5. Clauses

In logical terms, a clause is a construction of a subject and a predicate. In view of grammatical relations, clauses are divided into two broad categories, the main clause and the subordinate clause, the latter of which may function as a nominal clause, a relative clause, or an adverbial clause.

1) Nominal clauses

He said that he had done his best.

What he said was true.

2) Relative clauses

This is one of the best films I’ve ever seen.

He failed to pass the test, which was a pity.

3) Adverbial clauses

If I were you, I would not quit.

I was having dinner when he came.

6. Sentences

In terms of sentence structure, sentences can be classified into three kinds: (1) simple sentences, (2) compound sentences and (3) complex sentences.

(1) You throw a stone at the window.

I’ll scream.( two simple sentences)

(2) You throw a stone at the window and I’ll scream. ( two coordinate

main clauses in one sentence).

(3) If you throw a stone at the window, I’ll scream. ( one main clause

and one subordinate clause within one and the same sentence)

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新编英语语法教程第06讲练习参考答案 Ex. 6A (4A) 1. description 2. arrangement 3. attendance 4. peculiarity 5. expectation 6. argument 7. dependence 8. originality 9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity 12. persistence 13. extension 14. statement 15. generosity 16. entrance 17. loneliness 18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousness Ex. 6B (6E) 1. How much work have you done this morning? 2. To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour. 3. He’s done the least work. 4. There are several methods of approaching this problem. 5. I know little French. 6. There must be less empty talk but more practical work. 7. Were there many people at the reception? 8. May I have a few words with you? 9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday. 10. Harry made the fewest mistakes. 11. You’ve lear nt more poetry and done more exercises than I have. 12. Jack’s done the most work and made the most mistakes. 13. He’s done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes. 14. A millionaire has lots of money—and lots of worries. 15. Anna has enough worries b ecause she hasn’t got enough money. 16. The telephone rang every few minutes. 17. We have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days. 18. Both his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2006. 19. Soon we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks. 20. My brother spent $ 500 for a second-hand car, but I spent almost twice the amount for the same stuff. 新编英语语法教程第07讲练习参考答案 Ex. 7A 1.experience

章振邦《新编英语语法教程》教学大纲

1、课程编码：GX009121B/ GX009122B 2、课程名称：英语语法 3、英文名称：English Grammar 4、推荐教材和教学参考书： 5、教材：《新编英语语法教程》(学生用书)，章振邦主编，2003年12月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。 5、教学参考书： ⑴《新编英语语法教程》(教师用书)，章振邦主编，2004年1月第4版，上海外语教育出版社出版。 ⑵《牛津实用英语语法》，A. J. 汤普森, A. V. 马蒂内特著，陈则源、夏定雄译，1986年3月第一版，牛津大学出版社，外语教学与研究出版社出版。 ⑶《实用英语语法》，张道真主编，商务印书馆出版。 ⑷《高级英语语法》（上下册），薄冰主编，高等教育出版社出版。 ⑸《大学英语语法》（第三版），徐广联主编，2005年10月第三版，华东理工大学出版社出版。 ⑹《英语语法大全》，（英）伦道夫.夸克等著，苏州大学《英语语法大全》翻译组译，1989年9月第一版，华东师范大学出版社出版。 6、课程类型：专业基础课 7、总学时：72 学时 8、学分：4 9、适用专业：各种英语专业 10、先修课程：综合英语，英语阅读 二、课程性质与设置目的： 《英语语法》是英语专业技能必修课，其目的是培养学生掌握系统的英语语法知识，养成良好的语言运用习惯，保证他们使用英语语言时的正确性和准确性。 作为英语专业的主要必修课程之一，《英语语法》应该和其他专业各门课程一起，力争保证学生能够通过英语专业全国统考TEM4和TEM8。 三、课程教学基本目标： 英语语法课旨在通过该课程的学习，帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系统的了解并能借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。学生有计划地阅读英语语法教材，探讨英语语言的结构，通过各种练习，牢固地掌握英语语法，提高运用英语的能力。 四、考核方式： 1、本课程为考查课，采用闭卷开卷结合的考试方式，要求学生在一定的时间内完成教师所设计的考题。成绩评定分为平时和考试成绩，平时作业和课堂表现， 2、本课程考试的命题，应根据大纲规定的要求，确定测试范围和考核标准。考试内容应覆盖到各个章节，重点突出，难易适中。 考核是检查教学大纲执行情况、评估教学质量的一种有效手段，是获取教学反馈信息的主要来源和改进教学工作的重要依据。本课程的考核着重检查学生的英语语法基础知识。 本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和课程终结考试。 形成性考核：包括平时练习、面授辅导和各项教学活动中的参与情况，以及学生对学习过程的自我监控情况，占总成绩的20%。 每学期期末均安排课程终结考试，考试形式为笔试。考试内容应以所指定教材为基本依据，实行统一考试，考试总成绩的80%。