初中英语知识点汇总
七年级上册
M 1 一、句型
1.My name's Daming. = I'm Daming.
2.I'm from England. = I come from England.
3.Are you a new student≈ Are you new
4.Nice to meet you. = Nice to see you. =Glade to meet you. = Glade to see you.
5.What's your name= May I have your name
—What's your name —How old are you = Can you tell me your age —My name is .... = What's your age —I'm twelve years old. —Where are you from —What class are you in
—I'm from... —
I'm in Class One, Grade One. 二、单词短语
1.practise + ding sth.
＆
A with
B goes to the bank.
三形容性物主代词
I--my you--your he--his she--her it--its we--our you--your they —them
M 2
一、单词
职业：doctor manager secretary worker teacher
工作地点：factory hospital hotel office school university 二、短语
a photo\picture of my family 三、语法(can)
Can do sth. I can\can't ride a bike.
Can you ride a bike Yes, I can.\No, I can't. 四、句子
What does your ... do=What is\are you ...'s job=What is your ... He\She is a ... They're ...
M 3 一、单词
1.buildings in school: classroom dining hall gym library office science lab
2.something: blackboard book classroom computer desk dictionary football library picture television
3.numbers: thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
4.介词：next to ≈ near behind ≠ in front of in on under
5. in front of:在......前面
in the front of:在......里面的前面
二、语音 er 、or 、ur 发/?/ 三、语法(There be)
----Are there any school offices
----Yes, there are. There are some offices. ----Is there a computer on Miss Li's desk ----No, there isn't.
注意：1.就近原则：
There is some meat and two apple on the desk.
play basketball football tennis table tennis the piano
ride a bike\horse
speak English\Japanese\Chinese sing (a song) swim
1.
there is/are +sth./sb. + sw.
2. How many + n. + are there + sw.
5. 2.名词所有格： Miss Li's her
Lily and Lucy's 两人共有的
eg:
Lily and Lucy's father.
Lily's and Lucy's 两人各有的 Lily's and Lucy's fathers.
M 4
一、单词family members:
aunt uncle grandma grandmother grandpa grandfather mother father mum dad sister brother
二、短语句型
Thank you for your email. your help.
helping me.
asking me.
inviting me. Make a family tree for your family.
----How many people are there in your family
----There are four. There are my mum and dad, my sister and me. ----Have you got an aunt/any ..... ----Yes,I have./No,I haven't.
----Have you got a small family or a big family ----I've got a big family.(选择疑问句)
or 的用法：① 或； ② 并列否定：I don't like swimming or dancing.
M 5-6
一单词
1. orange 橙汁 have some orange ［U ］ 橙色 the oranges are orange ［C ］ 橙子
This is an orange ［C ］
2.Kind 善良 He is very kind.
种类=type a kind / type of fruit two kinds /types of fruits
3. gym: 不受天气影响的室内体育馆、健身房或运动馆 stadium: 周围有看台的露天大型运动场
4.healthy ≠ unhealthy keep/stay healthy in good health ≠ in poor/bad health be healthy = be in health
三、句型
thank (sb.) for sth. thank (sb.) for doing sth. say
to sb.
it again tal about sth. with sb.
be on
film star football matches piano lesson
see a film watch a magic show ride a bike /horse stay at home at the stadium Sun theatre Ne Times
Cinema
Garden Hotel
night ----Have you got any ...... ----Yes,we have./No,we haven't Would you like sth. to do sth.
Let's do sth.
What's the price of......
half an hour
cut the apple into two halves a quarter past two 2:15 a quarter to two 2:45
half past two 2:30 （问时间具体几点钟）
四、区别
希望别人得到肯定回答的疑问句用'some' eg:
Do you have some money for me
M 7
一、短语
about sth.谈论某事
talk to sb. 跟某人谈话（一方讲一方听） with sb. 跟某人谈话（双方都讲）
get up≠go to bed go home≠leave home(for) study science/history/chemistry/maths/...
-
二、语法 ①时间表达法： ____ What's the time
What time it is
直 读 法 ： It's two ten. (2:10)
____ 逆
读 法 ： ①It's ten past two.(2:10) ≤30' ②It's ten to ten. (2:50) >30'
整点表达法：It's two o'clock. (2:00) (不用介词） 注意： 1. 2.
3.
②一般现在时（1）
Best wish to sb. for teachers' day I have no time. I don't have time. want
would like
ask/invite
sb. teach
to do
please let would could can must do does
do sth.
like practice Thank you for finish star doing a break have Chinese/a Chinese lesson breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper
start sth.(my homework) to do sth.(to do my homework) doing sth.(doing my homework) finis
sth.(my homework)
doing sth.(doing my homework) What about/How about you/ doing sth.
When do you get up
What time do you get up When is your birthday / the film(问日、月、年或某事何时发生） （问具体几点钟做某事）I get up at 7:30. favourite sport is My hobby is
usually 、always 、often 、never + n. be + usually 、always 、often 、never
(当物为代词时，只能用to 或for 的句型） many 【C 】
much 【U 】
lots of
a lot of
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。eg
：The sky is blue.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 eg ：I get up at six every day.
3.表示客观现实。 eg ：The earth goes around the sun.
【No. 2
】一般现在时的构成
1. be 动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。eg
：I am a boy. 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 eg ：We study English. 【No. 3】否定句
1. be 动词的变化:主语+ be + not +其它。 eg
：He is not a worker. 2.行为动词的变化:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +V 原形(+其它)。eg ：I don't like bread.
M 8
一、短语句型
be different from ask sb. (not) to do sth. have a habit of ding sth. get sth. from sb. by her favourite singers a box of candies/chocolates
on television wear silk shirts a pair of jeans/trainers/glasses/shoes send/give sth. to sb. make/buy/choose sth. for sb. =send/give sb. sth. =make/buy/choose sb. sth.
二、语法
①一般现在时（2）
【No. 1②形容词性物主代词
③频度副词用法
M 9 一、单词
① Names of the animals
camel elephant giraffe kangaroo monkey--monkeys Snake panda lion zebra polar bear wolf--wolves ② 大洲及动物居住地
Asia Africa Europe Oceania America North/South America
Asian African European Oceania America
in the desert / forest / grassland / jungle / sea / wild the Arctic
二、短语
【C 】或【U 】肯定句 肯定或否定句
in
visit
5 thousand thousands of students every morning /day everyone / everybody
+ V 三 . 单 . climb trees
eat leaves / grass / meat
my grandparents the zoo
三 语法
1 ①一般现在时（3） 【No. 1】一般疑问句
动词的变化：Be +主语+其它。eg
：-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
2.行为动词的变化：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。eg
：- Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 2.thousand 与thousands of +名词的区别
3.行为动词的一般疑问句的形式变化::Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。eg
：- Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. M 10 一、单词短语
connect sth. to sth. write a name for it on the computer/phone/television save the document save one's life write one's homework
go online/offline send email and photos make travel plans check the train timetable get information （a piece of information) download music visit one website on/from the Internet at/on weekends/weekdays/the weekend/weekday
switch on/off turn on/off a kind/two kinds of music
different/all kinds of music monitor(班长、显示器) mouse→mice 老鼠 say sth. talk about sth./with sb./to sb. speak+language →mouses 鼠标 tell sb. sth./sb. to do sth./a story sometimes/some times/sometime 二、语法
①一般现在时（4） 【No. 1】特殊疑问句
动词的变化：疑问词+一般疑问句。eg
：Where is my bike
2.行为动词的变化：疑问词+一般疑问句。eg
：How does your father go to work
七年级下册
M 1
1. Listen 和hear 的区别：listen 听（强调动作hear 听见（强调结果） Eg:I listened carefully but I heard nothing. 我仔细听但什么也没听到。 2 send sth. to sb. = send sb. sth.
Eg: i send her a postcard =i send a postcard to her
3 enjoy sth. 喜欢某物 enjoy oneself = have a good/ great time enjoy/ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
4 buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.
Eg:my mother buy me a book=my mother buy a book for me
5 buy some presents = shop for presents 买礼物 = go shopping for presents 去买礼物 6. We are on a school trip. 我们在参加学校郊游。 7. What are the others doing 其他人在干什么 8 lie in the sun / on the beach 躺在沙滩上
9. enjoy the school trip a lot/ very much 非常喜欢学校郊游 .10. take sth. to sw. 把某物带到某地 take away 11. at this moment=now 此时此刻 （现在进行时）
12. in different places 在不同的地方 (比较the same) 13. do different things 做不同的事情 14. leave work 下班 be at work 上班 He is at work. = He is working. 15. wait for buses 等公共汽车 16. run for trains 跑去乘火车 17. have afternoon tea 喝下午茶 18. go to the opera 去听歌剧
19. watch a ballet 看芭蕾 20. get dressed 穿衣；打扮 see friends 看望朋友
many some two
more animals
be from = come from
go and do sth. = go to do sth.
15 kilos of bamboo every + 复数名词
stay healthy keep healthy
20. call home 给家里打电话 call sb. = give sb. a call= phone sb.
21. greetings from…来自……的问候 22. talk on one’s phone 用某人的手机打电话
23. do taijiquan，打太极拳 do yangge 扭秧歌24 anyway 无论如何（转移话题）
25. 现在进行时的构成：
be动词+ 动词的现在分词-----be:am(我) is（主语为三单） are（主语为复数）
M 2
1. What traditions do you have at the Spring Festival 在春节你们有什么传统
2. lots of traditions 许多传统
3. clean the house 打扫房子 do some cleaning
4. sweep away bad luck 扫走坏运
5. paint ……red 把……涂成红色
6. It means 它意味着…… What does it mean (meaning n.)
7. decorate …with …用……装饰…… 8. have a haircut 剪头发
9. everyone 后面谓语动词用单数： everyone has a haircut
10. visit our family and friends 看望亲戚朋友
11. at midnight 在半夜 (at noon= in the middle of day) 用复数
sb. sth. ＝bring sth to sb. 给某人带来…… bring back
14. at night ， in the evening
15. get ready for sth. (be ready for sth.) get ready for doing sth. 为……做准备
16. sweep the floor 扫地 17. learn a dragon dance 学舞龙
18. make lanterns 做灯笼 the meal 做饭 do some cooking
20. be interested in sth 对某物感兴趣 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣
M 3
1. check my email 查收我的邮件 get up early 起早 have a picnic 郊游 go to a party 去参加聚会 at the party revise / review for my test 复习准备考试（为考
试而复习）do some revision stay in bed 呆在床上 at a friend’s home 在朋友家 take the plane to…=go to sw. by plane乘飞机去……/ take the plane from…to…
乘飞机从……到……walk up the Great Wall 爬长城 make friends 交朋友 stay in a hotel呆在酒店里
2. What are your plans （同义句） What are you going to do
3. look forward to sth/ doing sth.
We are looking forward to the Spring Festival. We are looking forward to going to Guilin.
4. cook 厨师（名词） (动词)cook sth for sb cook sb sth
5. How do you get （from） Shantou to Xiamen By bus.
6. Why + 一般疑问句用because来回答. I am late because my bike is broken.
7 in the morning
on Sunday morning具体到某一天用on on a hot afternoon 有描述词用on
8. be going to +动词原形
I’m going to do my homework this evening.
It’s going to rain tomorrow. It’s going to be rainy tomorrow.
There is going to be rain/ snow/wind（名词）……
M 4
1. study at home 在家学习 do the dull jobs 做枯燥的工作
do heavy work 干重活 three days a week 一周三天
long holidays 长假 free time空闲时间 be free to do sth. get warm 变暖
2. everyone every one of …
3. by email 通过电子邮件的方式 on the computer on TV on the radio
5. I’m not sure. 我不确信。be sure to do sth.
6. The teachers won’t write on a blackboard with chalk.
The teachers won’t use chalk to write on a blackboard.
do sth with sth = use sth to do sth 用……来做某事
chalk 不可数名词一支粉笔 a piece of chalk
We will use the sun to heat our homes. We will heat our homes with the sun.
7. Flying will be very cheap. flying为动名词，作主语。
家庭供暖将会很便宜。
Heating homes will be cheap. It will be cheap to heat homes.
打篮球是我最喜欢的运动。
Playing basketball is my favourite sport.
8. will ＋动词原形 They will play football.
will be＋形容词 It will be cool in summer.
There will be＋名词 There will be rain tomorrow.
There will be a big bridge over the river.
9. My dream will have big classrooms. （同义句）
There will be big classrooms in my dream school.
will 可以用be going to 代替，但be动词要根据单复数来变化。There are going to be big classrooms in my dream school. There is going to be a big classroom in my dream school.
10. It’s going to rain this afternoon.
It’s going to be rainy this afternoon. （但只有there be 句型除外，be后跟名词。）
11. In my dream school there won’t be any teachers.
M 5
1. seven million millions of Americans
2. answer some questions for my homework 为我的作业回答一些问题
’s the population of …某地人口是多少
形容人口多用 big 或 large What’s its population
4. Shanghai has 13 million people. Shanghai is a city with a population of 13million.
The population of Shanghai is 13 million seven million.
It has a population of 13 million people.
5. be famous for 以……而出名如：北京以长城而闻名。Beijing is famous for the Great Wall.
6. in the east/south/west of…在……的东、南、西…（内部）
上海在中国的东部。 Shanghai is in the east of China.
7. 问天气：What’s the weather like / How’s the weather
8. on the coast 在海岸线上
9. It’s never very hot in the summer or very cold in the winter.
10. with带有，有 Beijing is a city with lots of old buildings.
M 6
一、反义词：
dangerous 危险的----- safe 安全的 danger / safety n.
difficult 难的------ easy 容易的 exciting 激动人心的------ boring 枯燥的
expensive 昂贵的------ cheap 便宜的 popular 受欢迎的------ unpopular 不受欢迎的
relaxing 放松的------ tiring 累人的 badly(worse, worst) 坏地------ well(better, best) 好地
carefully 认真地------ carelessly 粗心地 late 晚------ early 早
loudly 大声地------ quietly 安静地
2. be good at sth 擅长某事 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
例如：我哥哥擅长篮球。 My brother is good at basketball.
我哥哥擅长打蓝球。 My brother is good at playing basketball.
3. What Olympic sports do you like Football is my favourite sport.
Why do you like it I like it because it’s exciting
4. 位移动词用现在进行时表示将来时。如：她将去学校。
She is going to school. She is leaving for school.
5. 在每周六上午九点半 at 9:30 am every Saturday
6. 早到这儿 get here early 晚到那儿 arrive there late
坐在黑板前sit in front of the blackboard 在教室后面at the back of the classroom
7. It’s +adj. + to do sth
学习英语很难。It’s very difficult to learn English.
8. 对某人讲得又慢又大声 speak slowly and loudly to sb（宾格）.
slowly 和loudly为副词，副词修饰动词。
9. 需要做某事need to do sth我们需要每天打扫教室。We need to clean the classroom every day.
想要做某事want to do sth = would like to do sth.
我们想要打蓝球。We want to play basketball
10. No one 谓语动词用单数。如：没人要踢足球。 No one wants to play football.
11. It’s +物性形容词 +for sb to do sh
对他来说学习数学很简单。 It’s very easy for him to learn math.
12. work hard 努力学习/工作（这里 hard 就是副词）
speak English well 这里 well 就是副词
13. do some sightseeing 游览 go sightseeing 去观光
14. 带某人参观……take sb. around …
15. 将持续到……will continue/last until …
16. He needs to learn English quickly. How does he need to learn English
17. She likes running and she likes cycling, too. = She likes running and she also likes cycling.
also反在实义动词前，be动词和情态动词后。
18. 我不喜欢迟到。I don’t like to be late.
19. 我不喜欢跑步和骑自行车。 I don’t like running or cycling.
20. so 因此；所以在英语句子中不能与because同时用
如：我饿了，所以想去买点吃的。 I’m hungry so I’m going to buy some food.
21. more ＋（形容词或副词）原级＝比较级
more popular more exciting more dangerous more tired more quickly
22. much, a little, even ＋（形容词或副词）比较级
much bigger, much better, much more popular
Pan Changjiang is funnier than Yao Ming. 句子中有than，要用比较级
比较级规则变化口诀：比较级，要变化，一般词尾加er。(long-longer)
词尾若有哑音e, 直接加r就可以。(nice-nicer) , 重读闭音节，单辅音字母要双写。(hot-hotter)
辅音字母若加y, 记得把y变为i。(happy-happier)
M 7
1. the longest journey 最长的旅程
2. by 直接加交通工具单数 by bike/ bus/ train
3. get to school 到学校 get home/there/here 到家
4. live farthest from the school 住得离学校最远 farthest 为副词，是far的最高级，可省略the，形容词最高级前面一定要加the
5. the ( best ）way to sw. 去……的（最好）方式
6. the most dangerous way 最危险的方式
7. be closest to sw. 离……最近 go to work 去上班
8. take a train to sw. 乘火车去…… 9. the fastest train 最快的火车
10. from…to…从……到…… 11. in eight minutes 八分钟后（将来时）
12. the same …相同的…… the same school 相同的学校
some time by…乘……花……时间 take ten minutes by car 乘汽车花十分钟
14. more than = over 超过……，多于……
15. one of the busiest international airlines 最繁忙的航线之一
16. a distance of …kilometers ……公里的距离 17. in nine and a half hours 在九个半小时后
18. buy a ticket at the bus stop 在汽车站买票 19. millions of Americans 上百万美国人
20. A taxi from Shanghai to the airport is cheaper than the train for two people.
对两个人来说从上海到机场乘出租车比乘火车便宜。
21. British Airways uses the Boeing 747 for long journeys. 英国航空公司使用波音747进行长途飞行。(划线the Boeing 747用which提问)
22. The Boeing 747 travels longer than other planes.
23. I like to travel by bus because it’s safer than going（动名词） by car.
24. from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方
25. The cheapest way is by bus. 不能说：By bus is the…way.
26. travel to school 去上学
27. Who travels (the 可省略) farthest to school 28. Who has the longest journey
29. How interesting is the journey from …to… by train （问interesting的程度）
The journey from …to…by train is the most interesting way.
30. What’s the most expensive way to travel By plane.
M 8
1. my/ my parents’ / sb’s past life 某人的过去生活
2. be born 出生
3. the name of --- ……的名字
4. What +be +sb. +like 某人的性格怎么样
5. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
6. be strict with sb. / in sth. 对某人要求严格
the east coast of America 在美国东海岸
8. lots of things 许多事情 There are lots of things to do in Shantou.
9. visit their old family houses 参观他们的故居
10. with 带有 He likes the house with a garden. a pond with fish in it 里面有鱼的池塘
11. on my bedroom walls 在我卧室的墙上
12. the last time I was there 我在那儿的最后一次 (be the first to do)
13. one day 有一天（将来时或过去时）
anyone famous born there有名人出生在那吗anyone为不定代词，谓语动词用单数，形容词放在不定代词后。 There is nothing new in today’s newspaper.
15. I know what he does. 我知道他是干什么的。
动词know后的句子为宾语从句，语序要用陈述语序。
She asked where she was. The teacher asked who had a pen.
16. Tony was born in England.
Tony wasn’t born in England. Was Tony born in England Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
They were naughty. They weren’t naughty.
Were they naughty Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
M 9
1. once upon a time 从前
2. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 decide not to do sth.
3. go for a ride / walk 去兜风/散步
4. in the forest 在森林里
5. pick flowers 摘花 pick up sth. 捡起/拿起某物 pick it/ them up
6. be lost/ lose one’s way 迷路 She is always lost in Beijing.
7. look around+sb.（宾）看某人的四周 look around her/me /him…
8. notice sth. 注意到某物
9. hurry to + sw. = go to sw. in a hurry 急忙去某地
He hurried to school without having breakfast.
10. knock on / at the door 敲门
11. open 开着的adj. closed 关着的adj. The door is closed, but the window is open.
open 打开；经营 He opened the door and it’s open now.
12. enter + sth 进入…… They entered/went into the building.
13. finish sth. She finished the food soon.
finish doing sth. She has to finish doing her homework now.
14. She counted three bowls. 她数了数有三只碗。 count from 1 to 100
15. rush out of + sw. 冲出某地
He rushed out of the school and rode a bike to home.
16. be tired 累 do/ try (tried) to do sth. 尽力做某事 try sth 试某物 try it/ them on
17. destroyed sth. 毁坏了某物 18. walk into the bedroom 走进卧室
19. very soon 不久；很快 20. be asleep（形容词）= be sleeping（动词）
21. in pieces 成了碎片 22. at first 起初 at the beginning of 23. point at / to 指着……
24. There’s the naughty girl. 倒装句，原句为：The naughty girl is there.
有一个淘气的女孩。There is a naughty girl.
25. open one’s eyes 睁开眼睛
26. be around sb. 在某人周围 The students are around the teacher.
27. jump out of bed and hurry out of the house 跳下床匆忙冲出房子
28. without sth. 没有某物 He went to school without his bag.
without doing sth. 没有做某事 She left without saying a word.
without anything= with noting
29. return to sw. = come back to sw. 返回某地 return= give back
They returned to China yesterday. 他们昨天返回中国。
30. 讲故事的顺序：First… Next… Then… Finally…
31. and 前后的时态要一致 He entered the house and sat down.
32. the food in the big bowl 大碗里的事物（介词短语作定语）
the man under the tree 树下的那个男人一般用which提问
33. live in the forest 住在森林里
34. answer the door 开门 I knocked on the door but nobody answered the door.
35. all around/over the world 全世界
36. tell sth to sb 或 tell sb. sth 告诉某人某事
tell a story tell stories 讲故事 tell children fairy tales 给孩子们讲童话故事
37. again and again 一遍又一遍 38. begin with “ Once upon a time…”以“从前……”开头
39. change into 变成
每个模块后面的 Around the world的内容，要求理解，尤其是长句，能把单词正确排列成句子。动词过去式的变化规则：书 151页不规则动词的一般过去式：书153页
M 10
1. listen to the radio 听收音机
2. Teachers’ Day Women’s Day Christmas Labour Day
Children’s Day New Year’s Day
3. 12个月份的拼写：January February March April May June July August September October November December
4. start school 开始上学 start/begin to do sth. start doing sth 开始做某事
5. ride a bike to sw. 骑自行车去某地 go to sw. by bike
walk to sw. 走着去某地 go to sw. on foot
6. play computer games 玩电脑游戏
7. we had games like chess. like 像 8. watch movies/ films 看电影
9. 英语人称顺序：你，他/她，我（I 放在最后）
10. visit sb. 看望某人 11. near the sea 在海边 on the beach 在海滩上
12. travel by car/ train/ …乘……旅行
13. play the piano弹钢琴 go away 走开；离开 14. decide to be a (an) …决定成为一名……
15. a writer of plays and poems 一位作家和诗人
16. some of his (the) most famous plays 一些他的最著名的戏剧
17. at school 在学校
18. like watching plays 喜欢看戏剧 like doing sth. / like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
19. finish school 完成学业/ 毕业 20. at the age of …在……岁
21. move to sw. 搬到某地 22. join a theatre company 加入一家剧团
23. a successful actor 一名成功的演员 (success, successful, successfully, succeed)
24. start writing plays开始写剧本 25. in many other languages 用许多其它的语言
27. on of the most famous writers in the world 世界上最著名的作家之一
28. The TV wasn’t in colour. 电视不是彩色的。
29. What games did you play你们玩什么游戏
30. like sth. a lot 非常喜欢某物 a lot = very much 非常
31. on holiday 在假期，在度假
32. He did his homework yesterday. He didn’t do his homework yesterday.
Did he do his homework yesterday Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
M 11
1. a national hero / national heroes 民族英雄
2. the engineer of a famous railroad 一位著名铁路的工程师
3. the Chinese government 中国政府
4. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
The Chinese government wanted a Chinese engineer to build it.
中国政府想要一个中国工程师建造它。
want sb. （宾语）想要某人 They didn’t want foreign engineers.
5. What do you think of …＝ How do you like …你认为……怎么样
6. start in Beijing 在北京开始 finish in Zhangjiakou 在张家口完成
7. When did he work on it 他什么时候从事这件事的
8. form 1905 to 1909 从1905年到1909
9. Why didn’t sb. do sth 为什么某人不做某事
Why didn’t you go to school yesterday 你昨天为什么没去上学
10. He died in 1919. 他1919年去世。(die, dead, death)
11. open a museum about his life 开了一家关于他生平的博物馆
12. a railroad is for trains. 铁路是给火车用的。
13. over 垂直上方，不接触 The bridge is over the river.
14. through 穿过（内部） through a mountain/ forest / window
across 横穿（表面）across the road/ bridge
15. What did the Chinese do when he died 当他去世了中国人做了什么
16. China’s first astronaut 中国的第一位宇航员
17. a few days ago 几天前 19. He was Yang Liwei, the pilot, with a wife…
18. return to Earth 返回地球
19. be called 被称作 He was called “Xiao Zhang”.
The boy called Kexiang is playing basketball. 叫可祥的那个男孩正在打蓝球。
20. last 持续 The rain lasted a week. 雨持续了一个星期。
last 上一个 last Wednesday, last night, last year
21. orbit the Earth 14 times = go round the Earth 14 times 绕地球运行14圈
22. reach an altitude of …到达一个……高度
23. the next day 第二天（前面已提到了某一天, 用过去时）
24. the third country 第三个国家
China is now the third country to send a person into space.
现在中国是第三个把人送入太空的国家。
25. join the Chinese Air Force 加入中国空军
join the Chinese space programme加入中国太空项目
26. 11 years later, two months later （多长时间）后
27. with 13 other pilots 和其他13名宇航员
28. He trained for five years. 他训练了五年。 for + 一段时间 He rested for an hour.
29. want to be…想成为…… She wants to be a singer.
30. people on Earth 地球上的人
31. watch Yang Liwei’s space flight 观看了杨利伟的太空之行
32. wave to sb. 向某人挥手 33. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看……
34. have a meal of …吃了一餐……
35. still 仍然，also也，放在实义动词前，be动词、情态动词后
36. return to the ground = land 着陆
37. 到达某地（1） reach sw. （2）arrive in sw.（大地方） arrive at sw. （小地方）
（3） get to sw.
38. What happened 发生了什么 What happened to you 你发生什么事了
39. the latest news 最近的新闻 a piece of news 一则新闻（不可数）
40. How did he show his skill as an engineer作为一名工程师，他是如何展示她的才能的
as 作为…… show one’s skill 展示某人才能
41. travel to sw. 去某地旅行
42. sick people / man/ girl…或 sb. is sick
ill 只有一种用法：sb. is ill
43. open a hospital/ factory/ a company开办……
M 12
1. two years ago 两年前
2. on the same day 在同一天
3. Who was with you When were you born
4. at the airport 在机场
5. go swimming a lot
6. How was your journey It was great.
7. spend 花费（时间，金钱），主语是人，其结构：
（1）sb. spend +（时间，金钱）on sth
He spent lots of money on books. We often spend much time on homework.
(2) sb. spend +时间 (in ) doing sth. They spent two hours (in ) playing basketball.
8. well 形容词：身体好副词：好（修饰动词）语气词：嗯
9. take + 交通工具 to sw. 乘……去…… She took a bus to Guangzhou last week.
10. go for a walk / ride /swim 去散步/ 兜风/游泳
11. by plane = on a plane = by air 乘飞机
12. read the newspaper 看报纸 a newspaper, two newspapers （报纸可数）
a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of paper 一张纸
13. send emails 发电子邮件 14. take lots of photos / pictures照很多相片
15. fly to sw. 飞往某地 fly home（不用to）
16. Say hello to sb. 向某人问好 say sorry/ goodbye to sb.
17. How long did you +（延续性）动词 How long did you stay there
18. have a holiday 度假 19. do a lot of shopping 购买了许多物品
20. go on a boat = go boating 去划船
M 13
1. Why are you going to do… Where are you going to go
Where are you going Who are you going to go with
When are you going to go When are you going
2. will + be + 形容词
3. on Christmas Day 在圣诞节
4. sit at the table 坐在桌子旁
5. talk to / with sb.和某人谈话 have a talke
8. clean the house 打扫房子 cook a meal 做饭
9. open a present 打开礼物
10. put on new clothes 穿上新衣服
11. sing a song 或sing songs 唱歌 singer n.
12. go to a party 去参加聚会
13. have some free time 有一些空闲时间 14. stay in bed 呆在床上
15. think about 考虑；思考 16. special celebration 特殊的庆祝活动
17. at the end of November 在11月底 18. give sth to sb. = give sb. sth 给某人某物
19．in the shape of ………的形状 The bags are in the shape of Mickey.这些包是米奇的形状．
24. fill … with…用……装满……
They filled the bottle with water.他们用水把瓶子装满了。
25. traditionally 传统地（副词）
Traditionally, people clean the house before the Spring Festival.传统上，人们在春节前打扫房子。
26. They put paper around the presents. 他们用纸把礼物包起来。
put…around…用……包……
Christmas Day 或 at Christmas 在圣诞节
on New Year’s Day at the Spring Festival
on Spring Festival’s Eve
七年级英语下册整册重难点概括
语法概况
M1-2 现在进行时态
M3-4 一般将来时态
M5-7 形容词/副词的比较级与最高级
M5形容词的比较级
M6形容词、副词的比较级；多音节形容词、副词的比较级
M7形容词、副词的最高级
M8-12 一般过去时态
M8 be动词的过去式
M9规则动词的过去式
M10一般过去时的否定和疑问形式
M11 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
M12 不规则动词的过去式
初二英语上册知识点总结
M1
1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。
2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing
3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时，结构：will + v原 \ be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）
4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed
give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day每天,
write down 写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,
how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样 each other 互相.
thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢
回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at don't you+V原...=why not+...V原为什么不
help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人 help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事
with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物
watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）
watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似
remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期
this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,
last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议,
why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误,
correct spelling正确的拼写, what else=what other things 还有什么
a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议,
send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取
send up发射. all the time一直
enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快
lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多 , ,
spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事
sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事
Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物
Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物
Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱
pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱
Take: It takes (took) time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间
ask for 请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing
place =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面
else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else's.
take a deep breath深呼吸, catch\hold one's breath屏住呼吸, ∣￥
out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,
the number of …的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of， a small number of , invite do sth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样
try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try one's best尽某人最大的努力,
a group of 一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,
lend sb=lend .借给某人某物 keep借一段时间
practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,
look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾
look up 向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,
look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,
look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over检查，翻阅 ,
look out当心，向外看 , look through仔细查看,
be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…, be ready准备好 ,
be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事 translate…into…将…译成…，
take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，
be good for 对…有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于…
be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长… Think of 想起，
think about想出， think over仔细考虑，
else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,
nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，
四说，1,speak说语言，说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，
四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，
3,read看书，报，4,look就看。看场电影要用see，读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.
make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。
.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事
make+宾语+过去分词使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，
hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信，
be bad for对…有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质kind, good
nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。
It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等
write to…给…写信， next to 在…旁边，
do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话，
say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，
show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地， learn sth from sb.向某人学习
choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,
match …with…把…和…搭配起来
建议： don't you do sth=why not do sth
about doing sth=what about doing sth
should /can do sth. to do sth.
't forget to do sth. you do sth
's do sth. 'sa good idea to do
you like to do we do
'd better (not )do sth.
回答：That's a good a lot.
Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.
M2 现在完成时：
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；
2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。
结构：have(has)+过去分词，
get into=enter进入, what's the price of …=how much is …问价格
dream about梦到, dream of 梦见,
around the world=all over the world全世界, stay with sb.与某人呆一起
stay in bed呆在床上 , stay at home呆在家里,
take off 脱下，起飞, land on/in /at 着路,
all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐 ,
come ture实现, fly to =go to ...by plane(by air),坐飞机
drive to =go to …by car开车，walk to =go to…on foot步行去
sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时, at the end of在…尽头/结尾 ,
have been to去过（现在不在那儿） , have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地）
everyday English日常英语， first price一等奖，
The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历， before long不久，
long before=soon=a little later很久以前， no problem没问题，
have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难， work out a problem解决一个问题，
invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,
one day,某一天，（过去或将来） some day某一天（将来） ,
连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ，一保持keep，三变become,get turn，
四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。
不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。
different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的，各种各样的，
by the end of 到…末为止，不迟于
give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会， in the end =finally，最后，终于，
take a photo=take photos照相，店 cook sth for sb.=cook . 为某人做饭buy,make
such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)
交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go...by+交通工具=go...on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on);
walk to some where=go to...on foot; fly to somewhere.=go ....by plane
ride to somewhere=go...by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,
a kind of一种 , be kind to sb对某人友善 .since then从那时起，
take off 脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑，认为,
be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckon....as... 相当于
regard ...as...把当成 in the photo,在照片里
go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 travel abroad,到国外旅行
sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 sell well卖得好 ,
四个也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。
go to sleep,去睡觉 the price of,....的价格，形容价格用high,low。
sell sth at a high price,以高价出售， sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。
yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,
would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事
would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事
M3
already早已，用于完成时的肯定,； yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问； just,用于完成时
just now=a moment ago用于过去时,
arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达
bring,从外往里拿， take ,从里往外拿， carry无方向, fetch往返拿,
more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于
alone,个体单独，独自； lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，
most of.. ..的大多数, a visit to 对 ...的参观,
on a visit to....,参观... for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访
as ...as....和....一样 not as ...as..=not so ...as 不如,
so ...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth. be famous for 因...面著名(原因), be famous as以...身份或产地而著名
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,
prefer to 更喜欢... prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,
return from a visit to 从...访问返回, be named after 以...的名字命名,
be proud of 以....自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定,
up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,
show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因...公事,
在...的上面 over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under
on 在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在..上方,高出,反义below
in the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,
in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,
none 用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,
the lastest news,最新消息， share sb.与分享某物
M4
get on /along with sb,与...相处, get on well with sb.与...相处融洽
hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact实际上,
the Hope Schools,希望学校 look after=take care of =care for,照顾
drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参加
pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间
how soon,多久 get on badly with ,与...相处不好
hear from sb.收到某人的信,电子邮件等 on the farm ,在农场上
in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时
because of因为...... , sell sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人
buy sth from ...buy sth for sb..给某人买东西 get an education接受教育,
take part in=join参加, in good/bad health身体健康/不健康,
care about关心,在乎, take care 当心,
how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,
stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,
put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队,
drop in 顺便来访, drop out of school 退学
point at 指着, point to 指向,put on one's clothes穿上衣服
with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在别人的帮助下without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况 at home and abroad在国内外
非延续性动词变为延续动词：
buy--have open--be open join --be in borrow--keep die ---be dead
leave--be away come here---be here go there--be there begin--be on
finish--be over make friends--be friends get ready--be ready buy--get /have
arrive/get to /reach/come--be in \be at /stay, put on--have on /wear get up--be up
可延续性动词不可以与for 或since 连用，非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for /since连用.
other其他的，另外的，别的； another另一个人或事物；
the other两个中的另一个； the others其余的，剩下的人或事物；
others其他的，另外的，别的人或物
5 on earth ,究竟，到底，可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后，相当于in the world,用在否定句中相当于not ...at all；
a fan of ,...的迷 give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会
be famous for ,因..而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)
be famous as ,作为...而闻名(后+身份职业)
at the age of =when ...years old, 在...岁的时候
not only....but also..不仅..而且(就近原则)上 classical music,古典音乐
belong to ,属于 sth belong to sb. 物属于人
across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;
hear of 听说, be born出生, go through穿过,
I'm not sure我不确定, I'm sure肯定,
make sb.+adj使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事,
take sb. around带人四处走走, a piece of music一首乐曲,
in addition to 除...以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him给某人买吉他,
go on with sth.继续做某事, go on doing sth.继续做某事,
die of 患..而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部原因,
die from由于..,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,
learn to do sth学做某事, learn from sb.向某人学习,
Learn...by heart熟记,背诵, learn one's lesson from...从... 中吸取教训,
反意疑问句:
1.先断"定",判断是否定或肯定.
如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.
2.后找"动",观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had better用had
3.换代,主语定代词,三单用he ,she ,it ,复用they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用they,和thing一起的用
4.肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用will you /won't you 否定祈使句，用will you
5.Let's...用shall we let us....用will you,
6.在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转移到从句中; 但第二，三人称与主句保持一致：I don't think you have done it ,have you /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当主句是三时，就看三。
7.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定
give =give sb. 给某人某物,give in投降,
give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发,
give a way to 对...让步, on the earth在地球上,
both....and既....又..... 就近原则 neither....nor既不....又不,就近原则
either...or要么....要么.there be, not only...but also就近原则,,
may be可能是. maybe=perhaps大概,也许
In addition to ..除...以外(还有) =besides, but 除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除....之外(不包括)
on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然
all types of呼种 , part time job,一份兼职工作
on one's own独自 , be led by由....带领
M 6
过去进行时
用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和at that time,at 点yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。
三、表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。
结构：was /were +V-ing
go on 继续, go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事),
go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事),
go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,
How is it going =How are you getting on /along近况如何
by the river,在河边
at this time yesterday昨天的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)
on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉进,跌入
fall off 掉下来, fall behind ,落后,跟不上
fall in love with,爱上 be careful,小心
by mistake由于出错 at taht /this time在那/这时
have nothing to do 没事可做, nothing strange没什么奇怪的，
take sth. out of .... 把...从...拿出来, happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)
under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去,
think about 考虑, think of想起，认为 ,
think over仔细考虑, think out,想出
think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.某人发生了什么事
be on 上演， go off熄灭，停，
英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一”
not ...until直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词)
till/until直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词)
something wrong with...,出了毛病,lie in bed 躺在床上,
jump out of从...跳出来 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上
on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from ....to,从...到....(动词+Ving)
when,while ,as的区别当...时候
When可与持续性动词连用,表示"一段时间,"也可与短暂性动词连用,表示"时刻".主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用When
While表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用While
as与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展.
wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使振奋;使兴奋,
follow one's advice听从某人的建议, look into向...的里面看,
stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, what kind哪种,
a kind of一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的,
kind of =a bit=a little 有点, walk along沿着....走,
by mistake 错误地，无意地, by oneself单独，独立地,
by the way, 顺便说墙的表面用on，墙的内部用in
have something to do有事可做 ,have something to eat有可吃的东西 ,
have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西 feel tired感到疲劳
no one,一般不与of连用，动词用单数，只指人，一般用来回答who
none ,可与of连用，动词可用单数或复数，指人或物，回答how many /how much引导的问句，以及含any+n 的一般问句
Nothing，指物，动词用单数，
without doing sth.没做，be tired=get tired累了，
during the day 一整天，
被动语态的结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词
变法：1主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语.
2.主+谓+间宾+直宾将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.
3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by原主
4.主+谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主.
5.主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen
to )变为被动时，后加to
6.主+短语动词+宾语，宾作主，短变被，其余不变,by原主.
7.带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to
等要将to后来动词变以被动
8.被动语态的每种时态
]
八年级英语下册知识点
M1
简单句
1、主语+不及物动词（SV）
不及物动词，不能带宾语，但有些要接状语意义才完整。
2、主语+系动词+表语（SVP）
系动词：be ,look, seem ,become, feel , get ,turn ,grow, smell ,taste , keep, sound
3、主语＋及物动词＋宾语（SVO）
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOO）
直接宾语在前，加for或to连接间接宾语。
give, show , send, bring , pass, lend ,leave ,hand , feel, return, promise ,refuse, throw 用to.
make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing, pay用for .
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）
6、there be 句型。
tidy up 收拾， fan扇，fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风，
fan the flame煽动情绪， a movie fan , 影迷，
un反义前缀，tidy-untidy, happy-unhappy，comfortable-uncomfortable at least至少，
祈使句，肯定以动词原形开头，反问用will you /won’t you，否定用Don’t +动词原形，反问用will you ，Let’s …用shall we take up占据，代词放中间 take away拿走 ,
take sth. back,收回某物 take ….to …把…带到….
take off脱下，起飞 take place发生 ,
take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语形/副时可互换
a bit of =a little,有点儿，修饰不可数名词
on time按时 , in time及时 , from time to time有时 ,
a long time很长时间 , for the first time首次,
have a good time ,玩得高兴
be/get /become interested in 主语是人，某人对某事产生兴趣
指人的不定代词： somebody/someone, everybody /everyone , anybody/anyone, nobody/no one
指物的不定代词,anything, something, everything, nothing
play the violin ; ，play +the+乐器， play+球，
世上独一无二的加the前面出现过词的再次出现时用the
make+宾语+宾语补足语(使..处于某种状态,地位)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，make sb/sth + 形使某人/某物…
后接动词不定式作宾语，不要to 的有，一感feel，二听hear, listen to，三让have, let, make，四看see, look at ,watch ,notice，半帮助help，
make sb. sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事， make money赚钱，make a living谋生， make trouble引起麻烦， make friends with sb.与某人交朋友， make war 开战， make a fire生火， make a face做鬼脸，
make ..from用..制成（用被动） be made of用..制成（用被动） make fun of 取笑，与…开玩笑， make room for 为…让地方， make up 编造， make up one’s mind 决心，拿定主意，
现在完成时：表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作，对现在造成的影响和结果，或持续到现在的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before, for + some time ,since，at the end of 在…尽头，在…末尾，（时间，位置） by the end of =not later than
by the end of 到…末为止,+过去时间，用于过去完成时
by the end of+现在时间，用于现在完成时，
in the end =at last =finally,最后
end（动词） up with以…结束, come to an end 告终，结束 , begin with以…开头 , sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上 happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事 take place发生，预料中发生的事, happen是偶然发生的， be famous for因..而出名，(外界客观)
be famous as作为….而出名，(本身身份)
be good for 对…有益 be good at擅长,
a collection of….的收藏 ,
have/ take an interest in 对某事感兴趣,
give an interview,会面，做访谈
as a result结果, as a result of 由于，因为,
also 也，肯定句中,too也，肯定/疑问句，句末，（逗号）,either也，否定，句末，逗号,
as well也，肯定，句末,
be sure确信，相信，
in life一生中, all one’s life一生，终身
buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb think about考虑，思考，想起, think of想起 think over思考
look after=take care of =care for,照顾 look over, 检查，查看, look for寻找, look up 查找/向上看,
be popular with,受…的欢迎
when , while, as的用法：
when可引用可延续性和非延续性，主从句的动词是非延续性，只用when
while引用可延续性，主从句的动词是可延续性，只用while
as常用于同时发生的
be useful to/for 对….有用, be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于
useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,
develop ,名词development ,developing 发展中.developed 发达的,
success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词, failure失败
some…others没有范围的“一些…另一些”，但不是全体，
some…the others某一范围的“一些….其他”的，表全体，
one ….another不定数目中的“一个…另一个”
one ….the other两者中的“一个…另一个”
spend: sb. spend (s) some money on sth.
sb. spend(s) some time on sth.
sb. spend(s) some money (in) buying sth.
sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.
pay: sb. pay(s) some money for sth.
cost: sth cost sb. some money
take : It takes sb. some time to do sth
It takes sb .some money to buy sth .
It’s +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth .外界原因，
It’s +adj. +of sb. +to do sth .人的品质，
remember/forget to do sth.想起/忘记要做某事，
remember/forget doing sth.想起/忘记做过某事。
in the way 以这种方式, long ago很久以前,
start ,begin当用于进行时，后用to +V原，主语是物时，后用+to V原，
such as 像…，例如， for example 句首,句中，用逗号隔开，缩写， as well as连接两相同的内容， come out 出版，开放，出现，
probably句中，不用于句未，不用于句首，
maybe可能性很小，口语，句首
perhaps或许句首，句中
what do you think of =how do you like
show sb .sth =show sth to sb.
try to do sth 努力做某事， try doing sth.尝试做某事
try/do one’s best (to do sth) 尽某人的最大努力(做某事),
try out试验 , try on 试穿 a piece of music一首乐曲,
动词后只跟 V-ing 的有：finish ,practice ,mind ,feel like ,miss ,keep, pardon, excuse ,suggest consider, give up ,can’t help,
主语是人need to do sth 需要做某事，, 主语是物need doing需要被做某事，
dress sb给某人穿衣 , dress oneself 自己穿衣
be/get dressed in=dress in +衣服或颜色 , find out查明，
就近原则： not only…but also ,不仅.而且
either…or ..不是…就是，或者..或者
neither…nor 既不…也不…,
there be 动词以最近的主语为标准
M2
宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。
引导词展示关：
1. 宾语从句是陈述句时，常用that引导，that可以省略；
2. 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，由原来的连接代词、副词引导；
3. 一般疑问句改成的，用连词if或whether引导，两者都有是否的意思，通常可以替换。不能省略。
语序应用陈述语序：主语在前，谓语动词在后，（带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号，取决于主句的句式，与从句无关。主是陈述句，用句号，主是疑问句，用问号）
时态照应：1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，从句不受影响，根据从句自身的情况选用时态。
2.主句是过去时，从句也一定用过去的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时等）
3.从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等，任何时候都用一般现在时。（以Could you tell me ..../ would you tell me ...开头的不能用过去时态。）
否定转移：当主句的谓语动词是think，believe，guess，suppose等时，主句的主语是又是第一人称，人句表示的否定意义转移到主句，（反问句遵循主是我人用他，主是他就用他。）
转换“变脸”关：一些动词：tell, know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接（副）词+不定式（连接副词why除外）也就是疑问词+动词不定式（to）
举行会议hold a meeting；
（不挂断）等一下hold the line ,hold on，
if当“是否”讲时引导的是宾语从句，该用将来时就用将来时。
I don’t care if it will rain.
if当“如果”讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 I will have a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
初中英语知识点总结重点要看的
初中复习资料 目录英语词组总结for 和1.比较since 的四种用法2.since 延续动词与瞬间动词3. 重点部分提要词汇一. 单词⑴ 2冠词a / an / the: 3.some和any 4.family 5. little的用法 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 2. 祈使句 1.英语构词法汇 2.英语语法汇总及练习 第1讲：名词 第2讲：代词 第3讲：形容词
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4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随……eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……
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人教版初中复习资料 【初中英语词组总结】 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中
中考知识要点简记归纳之初中英语语法知识点(全)
七年级（上） 1. f amily name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in （如in English ） 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “I s that Mr.H ” “Yes ，it is ” 4. h at 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式：①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh, 结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y 为I，+es ④o 结尾，除了negro hero tomato potato +es ，其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢Y ou are welcome = That ’s all right =That ’s OK = Not at all = It ’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be + 名词here + 代词+be 8. i n 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9. j oin 参加加入（团体组织）take part in 参加（活动） 10. be busy doing 11. be strict with sb be strict in sth 12. bring+ 人或物+to + 地点把? 带到某地 bring+ 人或物+for+ 人给某人带来? 13. start doing start + 名词 start to do 的情况：主语是物不是人;start 本身为s t arting 时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14. what time is it ？=what ’s time ？询问钟点回答：It is ? .（一律） 单词：trumpet 喇叭racket （网球羽毛球）球拍plural 复数，复数形式，复数的ninth 第九furniture 家具February 二月eraser 橡皮擦dresser 梳妆台 drum 鼓documentary 纪录片description 描述broccoli 花椰菜biology 生物学comedy 喜剧singular 单数plural 复数 七年级（下） 1. hear from sb. 收到? 的来信 2. be friendly to 对?友好 3. another 另一，再一 other 其他的，别的（无范围）+ 名词（复数） the other 两个中的另一个（通常搭配one? the other ? ） others 其他的人或物（代词） the others 多个中的剩余几个（不加名词，通常搭配some ? .the others ? ） 4. what+be+ 主语?=what do/does+ 主语+do ？询问职业 5. be surprised + at sth./to do sth./ 句子 6. in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7. every day 每天（状语）everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上（非树本身的一部分）on the tree 在树上（树上的一部分） 9. in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11. tell ? from ? 把? 与? 区别开来 ***
初中英语知识点归纳
初三英语知识点大总结 一. 介词by的用法 1. 意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。 Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。 2. 意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。 Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3. 表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing. 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4. 表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。 One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。 5. 表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。 What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了?
初中英语知识点归纳
一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don’t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 2.一般过去时的用法 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now? 2)表示在过去一段时间，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
初二英语知识点总结
初二英语知识点总结： （一） 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法：
初二英语知识点归纳
初二英语知识点归纳 升入初二，英语越来越难了，想要学好英语，就要常对所学过的英语知识点进行 归纳，下面小编就来给大家分享初二英语知识点归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。 初二英语知识点归纳 (一) 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的 时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成：will + not (won't)+do Sarah won't come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? (二) should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldn't spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式： (1)I think you should… (2)Well, you could… (3)Maybe you should … (4)Why don't you…? (5)What about doing sth.? (6)You'd better do sth. (三) 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如：
初中英语语法大全精华版
初中英语语法大全 语法网络图 一．名词 I. 名词的种类： II. 1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下： leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, 2.
III. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 2. ’s
3. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. II.
III. 三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类： II. 不定代词用法注意点： 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask.
初中英语重点知识归纳
Unit 1 重点知识归纳 Where’s your pen pal from? 一、重点词汇 1.澳洲，澳大利亚n. 2.日本n. 3.加拿大n. 4.法国n. 5.国家n 6.语言n. 7.居住v. 8.世界n. 9.日语，日本人n. 10.法国人，法语n. 11.任何一个，无论哪个adj. 二、重点短语 1.来自 2.笔友 3.一点儿 4.给…写信 三、重点句型 1.-- 你的笔友来自哪里？-- 来自美国。 2. 3. Where’s the post office? 一、重点词汇 1.餐馆，饭店n. 2.图书馆n. 3.超级市场n. 4.银行n. 5.公园n. 6.街，街道n. 7.中央，中心n. 8.邮件，邮政n. 9.桥n. 10.向左，左边adv. & n. 11.向右，右边adv. & n 12.房子,住宅n. 13.(菜,花)园n. 14.散步,步行n. 15.开始n. 16.旅行,游历n. 17.地方,地点n. 18.向下,下去,沿着adv.& prep. 19.出租车,的士,计程车n. 20.私人飞机,小型民用机场n. 21.开着的,营业中的adj. 22.清洁的,干净的adj. 23.宁静的adj. 24.肮脏的adj. 25.享受…的乐趣，欣赏v. 26.穿过，通过prep. 27.如果（表条件）conj. 28.饥饿的adj. 29.到达，抵达v. 30.通过v. 31.希望，盼望，期待v. 二、重点短语 1.邮局 2.投币式公用电话 3.在…对面 4.在…前面（外部） 5.紧挨着，在…旁边 6.在临近地区 7.散步，步行 8.玩得高兴，过得愉快 9.去…的路 10.到达 三、重点句型 1.-- 附近有银行吗？-- 是的，有。/不，没有。 2. 3.哪一条路是去超市的路？ 4.我怎么才能到达红星旅馆？ 5.沿着大桥街走，在第二个十字路口向左拐，银行就在 公园的对面。 6.沿着这条大街直行，公用电话就在前方500米处的右 侧。 7.过桥后继续走直到马路的尽头，公园就在你的面前， 你不会错过的。 8.大桥街是个能玩得高兴的好地方。 Unit 3 重点知识归纳 Why do you like koalas？ 一、重点词汇 1.动物园n. 2.熊猫n. 3.地图，图n. 4.睡，睡觉v. 5.老虎，虎n. 6.大象n. 7.狮子n. 8.友好的adj. 9.害羞的，怕羞的adj. 10.狗n. 11.草n. 12.因而，所以conj. 13.在…期间prep. 14.动物n. 15.其他的，另外的adj. 16.美丽的，美好的adj. 17.聪明的，机灵的adj. 18.（食用）肉，肉类n. 19.叶，树叶n. 20.懒惰的，懒散的adj. 21.放松，休息v. 二、重点短语 1.南非 2.在白天 3.入睡 4.再五个，又五个 5.（两个中的）另一个 6.（两部分中的）另一些 7.（无范围的）一个…，另一个… 8.（无范围的）一些…，另一些… 9.（三个中的）一个…，又一个…，再一个 10.对某人友好 三、重点句型 1.-- 你喜欢什么动物？-- 我喜欢熊猫。 2.你还喜欢什么别的动物吗？我还喜欢狮子。 I want to be an actor. 一、重点词汇 1.给，授予v. 2.穿，戴v. 3.谈话，谈论v 4.演员n. 1