2019年版北京中考英语专题十 完形填空

专题十一完形填空３３一第二部分一读写能力提升

专题十一完形填空

一一近年来完形填空在试题设计上选择学生感兴趣的热门话题，降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查，注重上下文联系，突出综合运用英语的能力，全面考查考生的阅读理解能力二逻辑分析能力和推理判断能力三

要做好完形填空，考生应掌握以下解题方法：

一二略读全文，掌握大意

略读即快速地读，以了解文章内容二结构为目的三完形填空首先测试理解能力，所有的题目只有在比较准确地理解短文大意二了解文章结构和句子结构后，才能有把握去选填三很多考生在考试时为了节约时间，边读边选，这样做是十分容易出错的三因为边读边选会一再打断阅读理解的整体连贯性，不易总览全文二理清文章的脉络三边读边选还有可能造成断章取义，一空填错，后面都跟着填错三较好的方法还是先花一两分钟把文章略读一下，注意快读的目标是读懂，只快不懂或似懂非懂，走个过场，那只是浪费时间和精力三考生要根据文章的内容和自己的情况，调整自己的阅读速度三略读之后，对文章的内容二结构及文章的主要线索，都要心中有数三

完形填空短文的第一句话通常不设空三这便于考生对短文主题二内容或背景有个大概了解三第一句也常直接点明主题内容，是设置语境的框架性句子三

通读全文时，不要拘泥于一词一义的理解三对个别不认识的单词二短语，只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它三

二二瞻前顾后，谨慎选择

文章既明，就开始选择三完形填空的每个空格究竟该选哪个选项才恰当，取决于以下几个方面：

１．语境三它包括选择项与所在句子的语义联系，所在句与周围语句在意义上的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章内容主线的关系三有些选择项根据上下文就能比较容易地做出正确判断，而有些选择项则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能推断出三

通常根据语境出题的题型为词汇复现题以及逻辑推理题三（１）词汇复现：词汇复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现三语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的三

词汇复现又可分为原词复现二同义词复现二近义词复现二上下义复现（即总括与分述，如ａｎｉｍａｌ是ｓｈｅｅｐ，ｔｉｇｅｒ等词的上义词；ｒｏｓｅ是ｆｌｏｗｅｒ的下义词）等三

例一Ｊｕｓｔｉｎｗａｓｒｅａｌｌｙｇｏｏｄａｔｂａｓｋｅｔｂａｌｌａｎｄｈｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｉｔｗａｓｔｈｅｏｎｌｙｗａｙｏｕｔｏｆｈｉｓｓｃｈｏｏｌ．Ｈｅｃｏｕｌｄｒｕｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ一一一一ｆａｓｔａｎｄｂｅａｔａｎｙｏｆｔｈｅｏｌｄｅｒｂｏｙｓａｔｔｈｅｃｏｕｒｔａｎｄｔｈｅｙｏｕｎｇｅｒｂｏｙｓｄｉｄｎ ｔｈａｖｅａｃｈａｎｃｅ．

Ａ．ｔｏｙＢ．ｂａｌｌＣ．ｋｅｙＤ．ｆｌａｇ

解析一本题虽考查名词词义，但实际是一道词汇复现题，根据第一句中 Ｊｕｓｔｉｎ擅长打篮球 ，可以判断下文提到的是 他可以带球跑得很快 ，故ｂａｌｌ复现了

ｂａｓｋｅｔｂａｌｌ三

答案一Ｂ

（２）逻辑推理：根据上下文的逻辑关系来推断正确答案，逻辑关系包括并列关系二转折关系二因果关系二递进关系二对比关

系等三

例一Ａｔｌａｓｔ，ｔｏｍｙｔｏｔａｌｓｈａｍｅ，ａｎｏｔｈｅｒｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｔｏｏｋｍｙｐｌａｃｅ．

Ｉ一一一一ｔｈａｔｍｙｆａｔｈｅｒｒｅｗｒｏｔｅｍｙｆｉｒｓｔａｒｔｉｃｌｅｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ，ｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆ

ｓｉｍｐｌｙｔｒｙｉｎｇｔｏｈｅｌｐｍｅｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｉｔ．ＢｕｔｉｎｍｙｈｅａｒｔＩｋｎｅｗｉｔｗａｓ

ｍｙｆａｕｌｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅＩａｌｌｏｗｅｄｈｉｍｔｏｄｏｉｔ．

Ａ．ａｇｒｅｅｄＢ．ｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄＣ．ｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｅｄＤ．ｃｏｍｐｌａｉｎｅｄ

解析一最后一句的含义是 但是在我心里我知道是我的错，因为我允许了他这么做 三通过此句，我们可以推断出作者

在上一句中表达的是对他爸爸的抱怨与不满

三

答案一Ｄ

例一ＩｗｏｒｋｅｄｗｉｔｈａｌｌｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓｉｎＲｏｎｎｙ ｓｃｌａｓｓｏｎｅｂｙｏｎｅ

ｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｉｒｒｅａｄｉｎｇｓｋｉｌｌｓ．ＯｎｔｈｅｄａｙｓｗｈｅｎｉｔｗａｓＲｏｎｎｙ ｓ

一一一一，Ｉ ｄｇｉｖｅｈｉｍａｓｉｌｅｎｔｓｍｉｌｅ，ａｎｄｈｅ ｄｆｌｙｏｕｔｏｆｈｉｓｃｈａｉｒ．

Ｈｅｓａｔｖｅｒｙｃｌｏｓｅｔｏｍｅａｎｄｏｐｅｎｅｄｔｈｅｂｏｏｋａｓｉｆｈｅｗａｓｏｐｅｎｉｎｇａ

ｔｒｅａｓｕｒｅｎｏｂｏｄｙｈａｄｅｖｅｒｓｅｅｎ．

Ａ．ｔｅａｍＢ．ｔｅｒｍＣ．ｔｕｒｎＤ．ｔｏｕｒ

解析一此题考查相近词形的名词辨析三ｔｅａｍ是 团队，组 ，ｔｅｒｍ是 学期 ，ｔｕｒｎ是 翻转，机会 ，ｔｏｕｒ是 旅行 三结合

上文中的ｏｎｅｂｙｏｎｅ我们可知作者是逐个地提高学生的阅读能

力，所以指轮到Ｒｏｎｎｙ了

三

答案一Ｃ

例一ＴｈｅｙｏｕｎｇｂｏｙｃａｕｇｈｔＭｒｓ．Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｓａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｈｅ

ｗｏｒｅａｐａｔｃｈｏｖｅｒｏｎｅｅｙｅ．Ｓｈｅｆｅｌｔ一一一一ａｔｈｏｗｎａｔｕｒａｌｈｅ

ｓｅｅｍｅｄｔｏｂｅｅｖｅｎｔｈｏｕｇｈｈｅｌｏｓｔｏｎｅｏｆｈｉｓｅｙｅｓ．

Ａ．ｂｏｒｅｄＢ．ａｎｇｒｙＣ．ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｅｄＤ．ｔｉｒｅｄ

解析一此题考查形容词辨析三通过下文提到的男孩儿尽管失去了一只眼睛，戴着眼罩，但很是自然，所以史密斯夫人觉

得很 吃惊

三

答案一Ｃ

例一Ｉｔｗａｓｓｅｖｅｒａｌｄａｙｓｌａｔｅｒｔｈａｔｈｅｗａｓｆｉｎａｌｌｙａｂｌｅｔｏｈａｖｅａ

ｔａｌｋ．Ｉｈｅｌｄｈｉｓｈａｎｄ一一一一ａｆｒａｉｄｏｆｈｕｒｔｉｎｇｈｉｍ．

Ａ．ｈａｐｐｉｌｙＢ．ｇｅｎｔｌｙＣ．ｓａｆｅｌｙＤ．ｈａｒｄｌｙ

解析一后面说到害怕弄疼他，应该是 轻轻地 握着他的手，故选

ｇｅｎｔｌｙ三

答案一Ｂ

２．语法知识三有时通过语法规则，从语法角度可以解决一些题目三

例一Ｈｅｓａｔａｎｄｗａｔｃｈｅｄｆｏｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌｈｏｕｒｓａｓａｂｕｔｔｅｒｆｌｙ

ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅｄｔｏｍａｋｅ一一一一ｂｏｄｙｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈａｔｌｉｔｔｌｅｈｏｌｅ．Ｓｕｄｄｅｎｌｙ

ｉｔｓｔｏｐｐｅｄ．

Ａ．ｉｔＢ．ｉｔ ｓＣ．ｉｔｓｅｌｆＤ．ｉｔｓ

解析一此题考查的是代词的运用三ｉｔ在句中作主语或宾语；ｉｔ ｓ是ｉｔｉｓ或ｉｔｈａｓ的缩写；ｉｔｓｅｌｆ是反身代词；ｉｔｓ是形容词性

物主代词，在此处作定语，修饰ｂｏｄｙ三所以此题只要具备基本的代词知识就能解题了三

答案一Ｄ

３．常识背景三通过了解必要的常识背景来解题，如考生自身的生活经验二文化背景知识以及科普常识等三

例一Ｗｈｅｎｈｅｓａｗｔｈｅ一一一一 Ｍｏｔｈｅｒ ｓＤａｙ ｃａｒｄｈｅｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄｉｔｗａｓＭｏｔｈｅｒ ｓＤａｙ．

Ａ．ｓａｍｅＢ．ｈｅａｌｔｈｙＣ．ｏｌｄＤ．ｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌ

解析一依靠对节日的了解及生活常识，母亲节贺卡应该

是 漂亮的 三

答案一Ｄ

考生也可利用排除法进行答题三总之，判断正确答案要从多角度去考虑，把语境二语法二常识二固定搭配等有机结合起来三综合考虑是做完形填空的较好的方法三

一一三二复读全文，仔细检查

完成选择后，最好再用一两分钟将短文从头看一遍三为了使这一遍阅读顺畅，建议考生第二步就把选择的词语填在空格中三阅读时，对感觉不恰当的，可尝试这样的解题步骤：

第一步：纵观加联想三通读全文，掌握大意三在通读的过程中，通过前后联想，猜测空格词的意思，达到掌握大意的目的三

第二步：先易且定夺三对照选项再读全文三验证二修正原来的猜测，将有把握的答案确定下来三这时往往绝大多数小题都已解出三

第三步：攻难再复读三重点检查尚未解出的小题的前后句子，解出那些原来拿不准的少数题三

第四步：反思并修正三将所选单词放入原文中，重读全文，看看有无逻辑上的问题，发现错误二改正错误三

总之，在平时学习中考生要加大对基础知识的学习，在语言知识的灵活运用上狠下工夫，不能一味以语法为中心，忽视语言的实际交际作用，多阅读各种不同文体的文章，尤其是夹叙夹议类文章，多揣摩作者的意图，达到熟能生巧的目的三

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

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that，which 主语 宾语 表语物、时间、 地 点、原因 She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 whose 定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard． 他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine． 窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing． 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语地点This is the school where my mother works． 这就是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 状语原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你 能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. The girl that has long hair is my sister. 2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)

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