美国文学史及作品选读课程教学大纲

《美国文学史及作品选读》课程教学大纲

课程编码：30613010 学分： 4 总学时：68

说明

【课程性质】

《美国文学史及作品选读》是全日制大学本科教育英语专业高年级开设的专业必修课。【教学目的】

了解美国文学的发展和成就，掌握文学理论和文学批评的基本知识和方法，提高理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力和人文素质。

【教学任务】

以美国文学史为线索，介绍各个时期代表作家、作品，及其创作思想、主题、题材和风格，使学生对美国文学形成与发展的全貌有大致的了解，能够将文学作品与特定的历史时期相联系，掌握正确评价、分析文学作品的基本知识和方法，培养和提高其阅读能力、语言能力及文学鉴赏能力。

【教学内容】

文学基础知识介绍，殖民时期的美国文学，启蒙主义时期的美国文学，浪漫主义时期的美国文学，现实主义时期的文学

【教学原则和方法】

教学原则：以主要作家与作品研究分析为主,以文学史学习为辅；教授文学知识与提高鉴赏能力相结合

教学方法：以课堂讲授为主，适当组织课堂讨论，鼓励学生充分利用课外资源进行探索性、研究性学习。

【先修课程要求】

美国文学史及作品选读课是英语专业的必修课, 是在完成了精读、泛读、写作等基本技能训练后开设的，旨在加强学生对文学的理解,增强对文学的感性认识,培养文学素养,提高文学鉴赏能力。

【教材与主要参考书】

教材：吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》外语教学与研究出版社，1990年。参考书：吴定柏《美国文学大纲》上海外语教育出版社, 1905年。

常耀信《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社, 1990年。

胡荫桐《美国文学教程》南开大学出版社, 2001年。

大纲内容

第一部分文学基础知识介绍

【教学目的和要求】

教学目的：了解文学的基本知识

教学要求：掌握文学的基本要素

【内容提要】

第一节文学的定义及研究对象

第二节文学的基本要素

第三节学习文学的目的和方法

第四节美国文学历史简介

【教学重点与难点问题】

教学重点：文学的基本概念和要素及其区别和联系

教学难点：美国文学的形成及发展

【复习思考题】

1．什么是文学？

2．文学的基本分类和要素有哪些？

3．美国文学主要分为哪几个发展阶段？

第二部分殖民地时期的文学

【教学目的和要求】

教学目的：介绍殖民地时期的社会及文化背景与新英格兰文学的状况教学要求：理解清教主义思想及其对美国文学的深远影响

【内容提要】

第一节美国殖民地时期概述

一、北美拓殖的开始

二、美国清教主义思想

三、美国清教主义思想对早期美国文学的影响

第二节殖民地时期的代表作家及作品

一、安妮?布雷兹特里特（Anne Bradstreet）

二、爱德华?泰勒（Edward Taylor）

【教学重点与难点问题】

教学重点：殖民地时期新英格兰文学的特点

教学难点：清教主义思想

【复习思考题】

殖民时期新英格兰文学的主要特点是什么？

第三部分理性和革命时期的文学

【教学目的和要求】

教学目的：介绍理性和革命时期美国文学产生的社会及文化背景

教学要求：掌握理性和革命时期美国文学的形式、特点、代表作家及作品【内容提要】

第一节历史背景介绍

第二节启蒙运动及其对美国文学的影响

第三节理性和革命时期的文学家及代表作品：

一、本杰明?富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）

二、托马斯?潘恩(Thomas Paine)

三、托马斯?杰弗逊（Thomas Jefferson）

四、菲利普?弗瑞诺(Philip Freneau)

【教学重点与难点问题】

教学重点：理性和革命时期美国文学的主要特征

教学难点：本杰明·富兰克林作品反映的思想意识及精神风貌

【复习思考题】

1．理性和革命时期美国文学主要特征是什么？

2．启蒙运动对美国文学有怎样的影响？

3．简述富兰克林《自传》的思想内容和文体特征。

4．为什么菲利普?弗瑞诺被称为“美国诗歌之父”?

5．《野生金银花》表现了什么样的主题思想？

第四部分浪漫主义时期的文学

【教学目的和要求】

教学目的：介绍浪漫主义时期美国文学产生的历史背景及文学的基本特征教学要求：掌握浪漫主义时期主要美国作家及作品的概况

【内容提要】

第一节美国浪漫主义时期文学概述

一、新英格兰超验主义

二、欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响

三、美国浪漫主义文学的特征

四、美国本土文学的崛起及其特征

第二节浪漫主义时期代表作家及作品

一、华盛顿?欧文（Washington Irving）

二、詹姆斯?弗尼莫?库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）

三、威廉姆?卡兰?布赖恩特（William Cullen Bryant）

四、埃德加?爱伦?坡（Edgar Allan Poe）

五、纳撒尼尔?霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）

六、拉多夫?瓦尔多?爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)

七、亨利?大卫?梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）

八、赫曼?麦尔维尔（Herman Melville）

九、沃尔特?惠特曼（Walt Whitman）

十、艾米莉?狄金森（Emily Dickinson）

【教学重点与难点问题】

教学重点：美国浪漫主义文学的特征及该时期的主要作家、作品

教学难点：新英格兰超验主义及其主要思想

【复习思考题】

1．美国浪漫主义时期文学的主要特征是什么？

2．在《最后的莫希干人》中作者是如何塑造他的人物的？

3．欧文的《瑞普?凡?温克尔》故事深刻的内涵是什么？

4．爱伦·坡的小说和诗歌的创作原则是什么？

5．什么是超验主义？超验主义的主要思想是什么？

6．在文学创作中，人们称霍桑的视角为“黑暗的视角”，为什么？

7．麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义是什么？

8．对比惠特曼与狄金森的诗歌，找出其相同之处和不同之处。

第五部分现实主义时期的文学

【教学目的和要求】

教学目的：了解现实主义时期美国文学产生的历史文化背景及文学的基本特征教学要求：掌握现实主义时期主要美国作家及作品的概况

【内容提要】

第一节现实主义时期概述

一、美国现实主义文学产生的社会和文化背景

二、美国现实主义时期的文学

第二节现实主义时期作家及作品

一、马克?吐温（Mark Twain）

二、作品选读：《汤姆?索亚历险记》（The adventures of Tom Sawyer）

【教学重点与难点问题】

教学重点：现实主义时期美国文学产生的历史社会背景及该时期主要作家、作品教学难点：美国现实主义文学特征及其与自然主义文学的异同

【复习思考题】

1．美国现实主义文学产生的历史、文化背景是什么？

2．什么是现实主义？美国现实主义文学时期占主导地位的文学创作形式是什么？3．什么是美国乡土文学（或称地方色彩文学）？它产生的背景及代表作家是谁？4．马克?吐温的主要代表作是什么？它的主题思想和艺术风格是什么样的？

执笔人：姜艳审核人：孙中琪

《美国文学史及作品选读》课程考核大纲

【考核目的】

了解学生对基本文学概念、文学流派及代表作家、文学表现手法、文学人物、文学现象和各种文学术语的掌握。考核学生对文学作品的理解分析能力和鉴赏能力，帮助学生认识到本课程的学习重点和难点，为以后的深入学习提供可依靠的途径和方法。

【课程学习的基础】

《美国文学史及作品选读》课是英语专业的必修课，学生在此前应完成了精读、泛读、写作等基本技能训练，掌握了一定的专业知识和技能，具备一定的语言表达能力和分析论述能力。先修课程不在考核范围之内。

【考核的内容范围】

本课程的考核主要包括基本文学概念、文学流派及代表作家、文学表现手法、文学人物、文学现象和各种文学术语。

【考核方法】

期末闭卷，笔试占60%，平时考核（出勤、作业，测验，课堂表现）占40% 。

【对试题的要求】

题型比例：

客观性试题占：60% 包括：填空题、单选题、判断题、概念题等

主观性试题占：40% 包括：简答题、分析论述题等

难度等级：分为较易、中等、较难三个等级，大致比例为：20：60：20

【考核的具体内容】

第一部分文学基础知识介绍

知识点：

1．什么是文学2．文学的基本概念和要素3．学习文学的方法4．美国文学历史简介考核目标：

1．识记：文学的基本分类

2．理解：文学的基本概念和要素

3．运用：学习文学的有效方法和途径

第二部分殖民时期的文学

知识点：

1．美国殖民时期文学概述2．北美拓殖的开始3．美国清教主义思想4．美国清教主义思想对早期美国文学的影响5．殖民时期的代表作家及作品

考核目标：

1．识记：（1）安妮?布雷兹特里特（Anne Bradstreet）（2）爱德华?泰勒（Edward Taylor）（3）迈克尔?维哥斯沃斯(Michael Wigglesworth) 及代表作品2．理解：早期北美殖民地时期文学状况

3．运用：殖民地时期文学的主要特征

第三部分独立革命时期的文学

知识点：

1．独立时期文学的主要特征

2．启蒙运动及主要思想

3．启蒙运动的代表：本杰明?富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）

考核目标：

1．识记：（1）托马斯?杰弗逊（2）托马斯?潘恩(Thomas Paine) （3）本杰明?富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）（4）菲利普?弗瑞诺(Philip Freneau) 及其作品2．理解：启蒙运动

3．运用：（1）启蒙运动的主要思想（2）本杰明?富兰克林Benjamin Franklin）的思想意识及精神风貌

第四部分浪漫主义时期的文学

知识点：

1．英格兰超验主义2．欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响3．美国浪漫主义文学的特征

4．美国本土文学的崛起及其特征5．浪漫主义时期代表作家及作品

考核目标：

1．识记：（1）华盛顿?欧文（Washington Irving）（2）詹姆斯?弗尼莫?库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）（3）威廉姆?卡兰?布赖恩特（William Cullen Bryant）（4）埃德加?爱伦?坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（5）纳撒尼尔?霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）（6）拉多夫?瓦尔多?爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson) （7）亨利?大卫?梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）（8）赫曼?麦尔维尔（Herman Melville）（9）沃尔特?惠特曼（Walt Whitman）（10）艾米莉?狄金森（Emily Dickinson）及其作品。

2．理解：浪漫主义文学的特征及超验主义思想

3．运用：浪漫主义时期代表作家的创作思想及作品的艺术风格

第五部分现实主义时期的文学

知识点：

1．美国现实主义文学产生的社会和文化背景2．美国现实主义时期的文学特征

3．现实主义时期作家及作品

考核目标：

1．识记：现实主义, 马克?吐温及其作品

2．理解：美国现实主义时期的文学特征，美国乡土文学特点

3．运用：马克?吐温的主要代表作及其主题思想和艺术风格

【样题】

I. Make the best choice. （每小题1.5分，共30分)

1.Puritanism is the attitude of a party which stresses the following except_______

A. restoration of the church

B. predestination and original sin

C .hardworking and thrift

D. loose morality

2.The first American literature was the work ________

A. mainly of immigrants from England.

B. of great literary merits

C. in the form of poetry, essays or fiction

D. about the native subjects of America.

3.Which of the following is NOT true of colonial American literature?

A. full of religious sermons

B. showing a distrust of the mystical

C. mainly in the form of diary, autobiography and travel account

D. characterized with logical structure and simplicity of diction.

4. With an unshakable belief in the power of reason, the 18th century Enlighteners regarded __________ as the principal means of the development of society

A. education and reason

B. hard working

C. self-inspection

D. free thinking

5.Ben Franklin was a universal genius whose masterpiece_______ became a classic of its kind.

A. Poor Richard’s Almanac

B. Autobiography

C. Rip V an Winkle

D. The Sketch Book

6.The following words best describe Rip Van Winkle except_______

A. kind

B. gentle

C. hardworking

D. lazy

7.The first American writer of imaginative literature and short stories was ________

A. Nathaniel Hawthorne

B. Benjamin Franklin

C. James Fenimore Cooper

D. Washington Irving

8. Natty Bumppo’s friendship with Chingachgook is symbolic o f ________.

A. the understandings between two different peoples.

B. the relationship between the civilized and the savages

C. the conflict between the whites and the American Indians

D. the development of the frontiers

9. Romanticism can best be described by which of the following words?

A. realism

B. logic

C. imagination

D. reason

10. James Fenimore Cooper was a Romanticist because he ________

A. glorified nature

B. loved people

C. loved society

D. wrote poetry

11. James Fenimore Cooper was the first American writer to write about_________

A. the American South

B. the American frontiers life

C. the American legends

D. the American culture

12.__________ was known as “the poet of American Revolution”.

A. Franklin

B. Irving

C. Freneau

D. Poe

13. Phillip Freneau’s poem The Wild Honey Suckle is about________

A. the death of a flower

B. the beauty of nature

C. the transience of life

D. the bless of God

14. “And planted here the guardian shade

a nd sent soft waters murmuring by”

The forms of rhyming in these two lines are ______________

A. assonance and consonance

B.alliteration and consonance

C.assonance and alliteration

D.slant rhyme and alliteration

15. There’s a certain slant of light,

On winter afternoons,

That appears like the weight

Of cathedral tunes”

The images used in these few lines are mainly_____ ___

A. visual and olfactory

B. visual and tactile

C. visual and auditory

D. kinesthetic

16. Poetry is a literary genre that uses metrical form to chiefly _____________

A. communicate information

B. create imagery

C. reveal character

D. express emotional experience.

17. Poe believed the greatest theme for poetry is ___________

A. death of a relative.

B. death of a honorable man.

C. death of a lover

D. death of a beautiful woman..

18. According to Poe, all elements of a story or a poem should have one purpose. That is __________

A . to tell the story

B. to create an effect.

C. to keep the reader in suspense

D. to be humorous

19. In the development of the plot, _____ ,which pushes the story forward, is of the primary importance

A. conflict

B. point of view

C. theme

D. climax

20.Edgar Allan Poe’s poems are of the following features except__________

A. being melancholic

B. being musical

C. being brief

D. being moralistic

II. Match the works with the authors given below. The works given are more than the authors given. (每小题1 分，共10分)

a. Ben Franklin

b. Washington Irving

c. James Fenimore Cooper

d. Phillip Freneau

e. Edgar Allan Poe

1.( ) Poor Richard’s Almanac

2.( ) Rip Van Winkle

3.( ) The Sketch Book

4.( ) Autobiography

5.( ) The Wild Honey suckle

6.( ) Israfel

7.( ) The Deerslayer

8 ( ) The Cask of Amontillado

9.( ) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

10.( ) The Indian Burying Ground

III. Decide the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (每小题 1 分，共20分)

1. The colonial American literature was in the form of poetry, novels and short stories

2. American poetry of the eighteenth century has an imitative character, imitating the reigning English models of the 18th century.

3. The early American romanticism stressed emotion, feeling, intuition instead of reason.

4. Philip Freneau was a most important poet in the 18th century American literature.

5. Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale, and the frontier stories.

6. American Puritanism derived its theological principles from Calvinism and aimed at a thorough reform of the church.

7. The first American settlers came to America to escape religious persecution.. .

8. Benjamin Franklin was versatile in every possible field and he was chiefly noted as .a man of civic mind.

9. Autobiography by Franklin was a fascinating record of the age of American Revolution, in which

great political turmoil was faithfully depicted.

10.American Romantic literary movement was characterized with an interest in nature, imagination

as well as the a tendency to depict the grotesque.

11.Washington Irving was the first American writer who wrote poetry in its true sense.

12.James Fenimore, Cooper was notable for his first exploration of the native theme of American

frontier life.

13.The Leather Stocking Tales consists of three novels-----The Pioneers, The Prairie and The Last of

the Mohicans.

14.Philip Freneau was remembered mostly for his patriotic poems such as The Wild Honey Suckle

and the Indian Burial Ground.

15. The Wild Honey Suckle is a poem on the theme of glorifying the Indian Culture.

16. The only standard by which we designate a short story is its length.

17. Poe is a poet of the first rank, a literary critic of great insight and a short story writer of large

popularity.

18. Poe defined poetry as the rhythmic creation of beauty.

19. Israfel expresses the poet’s deep regret for the earthly existence and strong longing for superior

beauty. .

20.“The death of a beautiful woman” is the most legitimate poetic theme to Poe.

IV .Identify the following excerpts.( 每小题4 分,共28分)

1. At the most remote end of the crypt there appeared another less spacious. Its walls had been lined with human remains, piled to the vault overhead, in the fashion of the great catacombs of Paris.

2. “If I could dwell

Where Israfel

Hath dwelt, and he where I,

He might not sing so wildly well

A mortal melody

3. At the next moment, the breech of Hawkeye’s rifle fell on the naked head of his adversary, whose muscles appeared to wither under the shock, as he sank from the arms of Duncan, flexible and motionless.

4. The by-standers began now to look at each other, nod , wink significantly, and tap their fingers against their foreheads.

5.“ From morning suns and evening dews

At first thy little being came:

If nothing once, you nothing lose,

For when you die you are the same;”

6. From these circumstances, I have thought that there is some inconsistency in our common mode of teaching languages. We are told that it is proper to begin first with the Latin, and having acquired that, it will be more easy to attain those modern languages…

7.I was a child and she was a child

In this kingdom by the sea;

But we loved with a love that was more than love---

V. Identify the following passage. Then answer the following questions. (共12%)

“Be it so,” I said, replacing the tool beneath the cloa k, and again offering him my arm. He learned upon it heavily. We continued our route in search of the Amontillado. We passed through a range of low arches, descended, passed on and descending again arrived at a deep crypt, in which the foulness of the air caused our flambeaus rather to glow than flame.

1.What is the title of this work? （1分）

2.Who is the author of this work? （1分）’

3.What’s the author’s idea concerning the creation of short story?（10分）

执笔人：姜艳审核人：孙中琪

美国文学史复习提纲 名词解释

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