2020年高考英语二轮复习考点学与练专题01 名词与冠词(高考押题)

高考押题专练

1．When you enter a hotel, the top ________ is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.

A．privilege B．priority

C．preference D．principle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当你进入酒店时，你的首要任务是找出所有可用的出口路线，以防你需要在紧急情况下离开。priority“优先事项，首要事情”，符合句意。privilege“特权”；preference“偏爱，偏爱的事物”；principle“规范，原则”。

2．The health of garden plants depends on the soil ________ —the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water.

A．construction B．conservation

C．corporation D．composition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：园艺植物的健康取决于土壤的组成成分——矿物质、有机物质、空气和水的适当平衡。composition“构成，成分”，符合语境。construction“建造，建筑”；conservation“保存，保护”；corporation“法人，大型公司”。

3．The audience burst into laughter because of the ________ of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen.”

A．slip B．slide

C．seal D．spit

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：由于主持人的口误，观众突然大笑起来，主持人说：“女士们好，晚上和先生们。” a slip of the tongue“口误”，符合语境。slide“滑动”；seal“印章，封条”；spit“唾沫”。

4．Mo Yan, a most widely-read writer，takes a complete new________ to describing China’s rural and folk culture.

A．way B．approach

C．passage D．entry

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：莫言的作品被广泛阅读，他采用了全新的方法来描述中国的乡村民间文化。an approach to为固定搭配，相当于a way of，意为“……的方法”；passage指人们行走的“通道，走廊”，不符合本句要求；entry意为“进入，进入权，入口处”，不符合本句要求。

5．Music grows and evolves through the ________ of different cultures and styles.

A．interaction B．competition

C．connection D．interpretation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：音乐是通过不同文化和风格的互相影响而发展和演变的。interaction“互相影响，互相作用”；competition“竞争”；connection“联系”；interpretation“理解，演绎”。

6．She was admitted to college and she had to make some ________ and learn to lead an independent life there.

A．progress B．adjustment

C．difference D．assessment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：她被大学录取了，因此她不得不做些调整并学会在那儿独立生活。adjustment“调整，调节”，符合语境。progress“进步”；difference“差异，不同”；assessment“评价，评估”。

7．The survey shows that the US is still a favorite ________ for studying abroad.

A．opportunity B．destination

C．challenge D．qualification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：调查表明，美国依旧是人们出国留学最喜欢的目的地。根据句意可知，此处应填destination“目的地”，故答案选B项。

8．—Mr. Smith, when can I go to America?

—I’ve made a ________ for you on the morning flight.

A．regulation B．presentation

C．reservation D．contribution

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：——史密斯先生，我什么时候能去美国？——我已经为你预订了一个早班飞机的座位。根据句意，表示“预订”要用make a reservation。regulation“管理，规则”；presentation“展示，描述，陈述”；contribution“贡献，捐献”，均不符合句意。

9．Many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) ________ for any crime.

A．defeat B．treatment

C．punishment D．injury

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：许多人认为死刑对任何犯罪来说都是太严厉的处罚。a severe punishment 表示“严厉的处罚”，故选punishment。

10．W hen asked what is the ________ of happiness, different people will give different answers.

A．habit B．source

C．origin D．resource

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当被问到什么是快乐的源泉这个问题时，不同的人会给出不同的答案。habit“习惯，习性”；source“根源，来源”；origin“起源，血统”；resource“资源”。

11．Though spending much time on events out of their control, they felt some ________ to be at an advantage finally.

A．amazement B．relief

C．curiosity D．nervousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：尽管在不受他们控制的事情上花了大量时间，但最终能够处于优势让他们略感宽慰。amazement“惊讶”；relief“宽慰，轻松”；curiosity“好奇心”；nervousness“紧张不安”。

12．Finding information in today’s world is easy.The ________ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.

A．knowledge B．ability

C．competition D．challenge

【答案】D

【解析】句意：当今世界找信息很容易，挑战在于你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。A.知识；B.能力；C.竞赛；D.挑战，艰巨任务。故选D。

13．It is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.Give full play to your ________ and have a try!

A．imagination B．puzzlement

C．attention D．qualification

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：如果你有足够多的巧克力，你能用它做出来的东西令人吃惊。充分发挥你的想象力去尝试一下吧！根据语境可知，此空填imagination“想象力”。puzzlement“疑惑”；attention“注意力”；qualification“资格”。

14．The patient’s family has expressed their ________ to the press in letters for the money raised.

A．purpose B．apologies

C．gratitude D．sympathy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：病人家属在信中为收到的捐款向媒体表达了感激之情。purpose“目的”；apology“道歉”；gratitude“感激；感谢”；sympathy“同情”。

15．When you cast a________for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities.

A．glance B．doubt

C．shadow D．vision

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当你为他人投射一个愿景时，你帮助他们看到自己的潜力和可能性。glance意为“一瞥”；doubt意为“怀疑”；shadow意为“影子”；vision意为“构想，设想”。根据句意可知应选D 项。

16．The ________ of cultures between Europeans and the Romanies led to many nations taking action against them.

A．cooperation B．similarity

C．convention D．collision

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：欧洲人和吉卜赛人之间的文化冲突导致了许多国家对他们采取行动。cooperation“合作”；similarity“相似处”；convention“习俗”；collision“碰撞，冲突”。根据语境可知选D项。

17．As is often the case, teachers’ ________ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and laziness in school.

A．acquaintances B．negotiations

C．conferences D．consultations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：情况经常是这样，家长会上老师抱怨孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰。

conference“会议”；acquaintance“知道，熟悉”；negotiation“协商”；consultation“请教，咨询，磋商”。

18．For sustainable development, the government has decided to give ________ to those energy-conserving and environment-friendly businesses in many aspects.

A．permission B．profit

C．preference D．phenomenon

【答案】C

【解析】句意：为了可持续发展，政府已经决定在各个方面给予那些节能环保的企业优惠。give preference to...“给予……优先权或优惠”；permission“允许”；profit“利润”；phenomenon“现象”。

19．The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual________ of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.

A．award B．admission

C．allowance D．acquisition

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：今年地方当局给每个大学生每年提供4 000元作为食物和学费的补贴。allowance“补贴，津贴”，符合语境。award“奖品”；admission“承认，入场费”；acquisition“获得”。

20．In Beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the________and depths of the characters’ personalities.

A．dimensions B．certificates

C．occupations D．consciences

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在京剧里，表演者们被要求在脸上画上图案并着色，以帮助展示人物个性的广度和深度。根据句意，此处表示“广度”，所以要选dimensions。而certificate“证书”；occupation“职业，占有”；conscience“道德心，良心”，均不符合句意。

21．Many parents received a message about the class________ because of hazy days in Beijing.

A．inspection B．suspension

C．anticipation D．participation

【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：在北京，许多父母都收到了由于雾霾而暂时停课的信息。A项意为“考察，视察”；B项意为“暂停，暂令停学”；C项意为“预见，预期”；D项意为“参加”。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。

22．As a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his ________．

A．clients B．colleagues

C．organizations D．companions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词。句意：作为一名合格的律师，他必须总是考虑其委托人的最大利益。client“委托人，当事人”，符合句意。colleague“同事”；organization“机构”；companion“同伴”。

23．Many people tend to assume that________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.

A．imitation B．imagination

C．innovation D．inspiration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：许多人往往会认为创新仅仅意味着创造一些新的东西，但是事实上它远不止此，它(还)是一种做事的态度。imitation意为“模仿，效仿”；imagination意为“想象，想象力”；innovation 意为“创新，改革”；inspiration意为“灵感，妙计”。故选C项。

24．When you think of “a life without limits” you have a(n) ________ to think that you can do anything.

A．opportunity B．situation

C．tendency D．advantage

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。名意：当你思考“一种没有限制的生活”的时候，你会有一种觉得自己能做任何事情的倾向。tendency“倾向，趋势”。故选C。

25．Having a regular bedtime________is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.

A．arrangement B．activity

C．trend D．routine

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词。句意：人们可以做的是有一个规律的就寝时间，这可以降低变胖的风险。routine“常规，惯例”，符合句意。arrangement“安排”；activity“活动”；trend“趋势”。

26．A trip to the forest park is a wonderful________ of my happy childhood，when I had no end of fun with my playmates.

A．adventure B．celebration

C．reminder D．attraction

【答案】C

【解析】句意：一次去森林公园的旅行让我想起了我幸福的童年时代，那时我和我的玩伴们有无尽的快乐。A.adventure冒险；B.celebration庆祝；C.reminder 提醒，让某人想起……的事；D.attraction吸引力。根据题意选C。

27．She has a________for literature and reading classic books or articles has become part of her routine.

A．talent B．passion

C．requirement D．reputation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：她酷爱文学，阅读经典书籍或文章已经成为她日常生活的一部分。talent“天赋”；passion“酷爱，热爱”；requirement“要求”；reputation“名望，声望”。

28．—The rapid ________ of our city has caused many social and economic problems.

—That’s true.Our city is bigger than before, but our life isn’t as quiet as before.

A．exploration B．expansion

C．explosion D．evolution

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：——我们城市的快速扩张已经引发了很多社会和经济问题。——确实如此。我们的城市比以前大了，但我们的生活没有以前平静了。根据答语中的“Our city is bigger than before”可知答案选B项。exploration“探索”；expansion“扩大，扩张”；explosion“爆炸”；evolution“进化”。

29．He was faced with the________of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.

A．contrast B．difference

C．adjustment D．dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：大学毕业以后他面临着是出国继续深造还是找一份工作来养家糊口的两难境地。dilemma“(进退两难的)窘境，困境”，符合语境。contrast“对比”；difference“差别”；adjustment“调整”。

30．What I know is that I should sell healthy fruit to my customers, which is to say, I should follow my ________．

A．conscience B．dream

C．nose D．passion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：我所知道的是我应该向我的顾客出售健康的水果，也就是说，我应该按良心办事。根据句意可知，conscience“良心，良知”符合语境。follow one’s nose“凭直觉”。

31．I often have ________ chat with my friends on ________ phone in my spare time.

A．a；the B．the；/

C．the；the D．a；/

【答案】A

【解析】句意为：在我闲暇时我经常和朋友们在电话里聊天。第一空have a chat with sb.为习惯搭配；第二空on the phone也为习惯搭配。故答案为A。

32．Health care workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their ________ to patients.

A．exposure B．discrimination

C．guidance D．response

【答案】A

【解析】句意为：医护人员因接触病人而有被感染疾病的风险。exposure暴露，接触；discrimination 歧视；guidance指导，引导；response反应，回答，答复。

33．If you want to see a doctor，you fix a date with him ahead of time.That is a common ________ in the USA.

A．view B．exercise

C．practice D．reality

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：如果你想去看医生，你要提前和他约定日期。那在美国是一种惯例。common practice 意为“普遍的做法，惯例”，符合句意。

34．In 2013，Beijing adopted an emergency ____ program for air pollution.

A．behavior B．action

C．response D．situation

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：在2013年，北京通过了空气污染应急响应计划。emergency response应急响应。

35．Usually the Player of the Year title is given to a big name from the best team.But this time there is a(n) ________.

A．break B．improvement

C．exception D．tradition

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：通常情况下，“年度最佳球员”这一头衔会给最好球队中的大牌运动员，但是这一次却是个例外。由Usually及But可知选C。exception一般情况以外的人(或事物)，例外。

36．The fear of failing exams can cause you to panic and stress can be a(n)________ to your performance at school.

A．solution B．invitation

C．block D．access

【答案】C

【解析】solution解决方法；invitation邀请，诱因；block障碍，街区，大块；access接近，入口。句意为：对考试失败的恐惧会引起你的恐慌，压力会阻碍你在学校的表现，故选C。

37．Although war still exists on our planet，I do believe it’s possible for different ethnic groups to live together in ________.

A．agreement B．harmony

C．connection D．comparison

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：尽管我们的星球上依然存在战争，但是我坚信不同种族的人民是能和谐相处的。live together in harmony和谐相处。

38．Unfortunately，_____ stone hit him on ______ head and he got injured.

A．the；a B．a；/

C．a；the D．the；the

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：不幸的是，一块石头击中了他的头部，他受伤了。第一空表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空考查固定搭配：hit sb.on the head“打某人的头”，用定冠词the。故答案为C。

39．I prefer writing ________ letters to talking on ________ phone.

A．the；a B．/；the

C．the；the D．/；a

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：和打电话相比，我更喜欢写信。第一空letters为名词复数其前不用冠词；第二空on the phone为习惯搭配。

40．It was a difficult job for him.He had tried everything but it made little ________.

A．use B．good

C．difference D．result

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：这项工作对他来说有点难。他尝试了各种方法，但收效甚微。make little difference意为“没多大的区别”，为固定结构。类似的还有make no difference没有影响；make a difference有影响，起(重要)作用。

41．This is our contribution to ________ world of the 21st century，________ world of independence and mutual understanding.

A．the；a B．/；a

C．a；the D．the；/

【答案】A

【解析】句意为：这是我们对21世纪的世界的贡献，一个独立的、互相理解的世界。第一空用the，特指“21世纪的世界”；第二空用a，泛指“一个独立的、互相理解的世界”。故答案为A。

42．For the final ______ of our journey，we decided to take the coach.

A．leg B．round

C．distance D．path

【答案】A

【解析】句意为：在我们旅行的最后一段路程，我们决定乘长途汽车。leg一段路程，一段旅程；round 回合；distance距离；path小路，道路。

43．Jianbing，one of the most popular snacks in China，appeals to almost everyone in America and has become new ________ food there.

A．usual B．hit

C．common D．success

【答案】B

【解析】句意为：煎饼是中国最受欢迎的小吃之一。它几乎吸引了每一个美国人并且已成为那里新的风行一时的食品。usual通常的；hit在此处为名词，意为“成功而轰动(或风行)一时的人或物”；common常见的；success n．成功。

44．My neighbor Molly is very kind-hearted.She usually volunteers to help ________ poor in our community out of ________ sympathy.

A．/；the B．the；/

C．a；the D．the；the

【答案】B

【解析】“the＋形容词”表示一类人，本题中the poor 即是“穷人”之意；out of sympathy 意为“出于同情”，为固定搭配。综上，故选B。

45．Time and time again she was warned of the________of her action.

A．effects B．results

C．importance D．consequences

【答案】D

【解析】effect影响；result结果；importance重要性；consequence后果，往往指不良后果。题干中的warn(警告)说明此处是“不良后果”，故选D。

46．I don’t fully understand what you said，but I have got ________ rough idea of ________ plan.

A．a；/ B．/；the

C．a；the D．the；the

【答案】C

【解析】第一空：have a rough idea of 意为“对……大致了解”，是固定搭配，排除B、D两项；第二空：plan 属于特指，要加定冠词the ，排除A项，故选C。

47．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your ________.

A．condition B．income

C．credit D．status

【答案】C

【解析】句意为：按时支付电子账单是很重要的，因为延期支付会影响你的信用。condition状态，条件；income收入；status地位，身份，情况。credit信誉，信用，符合句意，故选C。

48．When the captain found the ship was rapidly sinking，he ordered his men to send out a ________ for help.

A．signal B．sign

C．symbol D．signature

【答案】A

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A．/；a B．/；the

C．the；a D．the；the

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C．permission D．persuasion

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