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四六级翻译

四六级翻译
四六级翻译

翻译题型

新改革后翻译题型: 段落翻译(汉译英)

测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。

分值比例:15% ,考试时间:30分钟。

内容:中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展

长度:140-160个汉字;

大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准与档次

13-15分译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切,行文流畅,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。

10-12分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯,无重大语言错误。

7-9分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确,语言错误相当多,其中有些是严重语言错误。

4-6分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确,有相当多的严重语言错误。

1-3分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子,绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。

0分未作答,或只有几个孤立的词,或译文与原文毫不相关。

汉译英解题方法

阅读原文,理解原文,获得总体印象。 2. 处理原文句子,正确断句,合句,找准主语。理解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系,注意汉英两种语言的不同表达习惯,综合翻译技巧进行翻译。 3.修改,对译文修正、加工、润饰。第一步:对照原文一句一句修改,看原文内容、思想是否准确表达出来;有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方;译文语言是否通顺。第二步:脱离原文,反复阅读后进行修改。看上下文有无不连接的地方,前后有无矛盾、重复的地方,有无逻辑不通的地方。

汉语 VS 英语不同表达习惯

一、英语重结构,汉语重语义

二、英语多长句,汉语多短句

三、英语多从句,汉语多分句

四、主语,宾语等名词成分“英语多代词,汉语多名词”

五、英语多被动,汉语多主动

六、英语多变化,汉语多重复

七、英语多抽象,汉语多具体

八、英语多引申,汉语多推理

英汉结构差异:

?汉语隐形,即连接词很少出现或不出现,这体现为意合(parataxis);

?英语显性,即连接词出现,体现为形合组句方式:

?汉语:动词多,短句多,常按时间顺序或前因后果的逻辑关系排列,呈链状;

?英语:常按句内主次从属关系排列,在句子主体上添加修饰语以及限定语,形成严谨的树状结构。

结构差异带来的启示 1. 正确判断句子之间的关系,补充连接手段,实现显性连接。

e.g. 在这一年半中,她抄写、背写英语单词的纸,累起来可达桌子高。……思路:SVO=纸+达到+桌子高。

问题:累起来怎么处理?

In that year and a half, the paper on which she had copied English words or writt en them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor. 结构差异带来的启示

掌握内在联系正确断句

我们的班主任姓王,五十开外,方脸,一脸的胡子。

Mr. Wang, the head teacher responsible for our class, was over fifty. He had a sq uareshaped face with a full beard.

正确安排句子基本框架,主次清楚,符合原意。

原文:大家都记得1979年秋天,当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全,而且已有三个孩子的女工,竟然报名上电大英语班时,招来了多少惊讶的目光。

They remember how many astonished looks were cast at her in the autumn of 19 79, when this woman worker with only 8 year’s schooling, little acquaintance with the English alphabet andthree children to look after, actually enrolled in the English class offered by the local TV University

汉译英的基本技巧

翻译的基本方法:直译&意译

直译:保持原文内容、又保持原文形式,基本保留原有意义。

意译:只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式,更多考虑英语句子结构的特点,不是死译。如:我们的朋友遍天下。 Our friends are all over the world. (直译), We have friends all over the world. (意译)直译与意译相互关联,互为补充,两种译法可以并用

二、汉译英的基本技巧

1. 增词为了充分传达原文含义,必须增补词语,以求达意。

我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English. 2. 减词: 汉语喜欢重复,英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调,重复表达一个意思,或增添修饰语,加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配,或平衡节奏,增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或句式,到了英语里要么不合逻辑,要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。

这是革命的春天,这是人民的春天,这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个春天吧!

Let us stretch out our arms to embrace

the spring, which is one of the revolutions, ofthe people, and of science.

(省名词-情景)见到自己的敀乡,他想起了童年的情景。

The sight of his native place called back his childhood.

(省动词-没有出现)他连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何错误。

He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.

长吁短叹--sighing deeply 发号施令--issue orders 土崩瓦解--fall apart 两面三刀--two-faced tactics

3. 词类转换词类变形和转换,是英语语言的一个很重要的特点,尤其是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类。

eg. 他的演讲给我们的印象很深。His speech impressed us deeply.(名词变动词)

eg. 你说他傻不傻?Don’t you think he is an idiot? (形容词变名词)

4. 语态转换在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译,会使译文显得十分别扭。这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。The little boy was hurt on his way home from school. 门锁好了。The door has been locked up. 新教材在印刷中。New textbooks are being printed.

5. 分译&合译(按内容层次分译) 分译:需要分译的句子多数是长句,戒者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译,则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。

少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰竭时,要做学问也来不及了。Youth will

soon be gone,never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. (按内容层次分译)

她隔窗望去,突然发现有只小船停泊在河边,船里有位船夫睡得正香。

Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank.In it there was a boatman fast asleep.

(从主语变换处分译)

合译:相较于汉语而言,英语长句多,因此在翻译中,要把汉语的两个戒多个句子合译为英语的一句,使译文紧凑、简练。

对我来说,我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king. 从主语变换处合译第二天,我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字,比前一个电报说得更详细。The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details. 按内容连贯合译

6. 正、反表达翻译

I.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达。

他提出的论据相当不充实。The argument he put forward is pretty thin.

他七十岁了,可是不显老。He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.

II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达。

她来得正是时候。She couldn’t have come at a better time. 对于汉译英,你越细心越好。You can never be too careful about Chinese English translation.

7.变序从译文的行文上考虑,有时需要对原文的词序作一番调整,以适应英文的修辞习惯,或者为了避免因结构而产生的歧义。

例:到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。Unique local creations are available in Xi’an, such as th e three colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta figures. (“兵马俑”和“唐三彩”在译文中变换了位置,是为了避免”of the Tang Dynasty”在结构上产生歧义。)

练习1

端午节,又叫龙舟节,是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣(minister),他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤(vilify)而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方,抛下粽子,希望鱼儿吃粽子,不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来,端午节的特色在于吃粽子glutinous dumplings)和赛龙舟,尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

Key TheDuanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes

练习2

2013年6月20日在中国各地,据估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员(astronaut)王亚平在距离地300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上迚行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力(one-gravity)环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课,也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

Key

On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school childrenand their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km

above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wangis aboard the Tiangong-1 labor atory module with two crewmates, for a

two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics

demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she

compared with the sameexperiment under the one-gravity environment on Eart

h. The

lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in

communication technology of China.

四六级翻译

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英语四六级翻译训练每日一题四月2

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大学英语四六级翻译常用词汇汇总

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Passage 1北京大学 北京大学于1898年成立,原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上,它是进步思想的中心,对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天,国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位,学校已做出很大努力。此外,学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。 Originally known as the Imperial University of Peking, Peking University was established in 1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of higher education in China's modem history. In modem history of China it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of China's New Culture Movement May Fourth Movement and many other significant events. Today, Peking University was placed by marry domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China The university lays emphasis on both teaching, and scientific research. It has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate education, and maintain its role as a leading research institution In addition, the University is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture. Passage 2 中国的民族 中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家,中国共有56个民族,总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族,约占全国人口的92%.主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散,主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系,强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。 以……而著称be noted /famous for 少数民族ethnic minority; minority ethnic group 人口密集dense population 与众不同的特点distinctive character 疆域辽阔vast territory 独特的风俗习惯unique convention 多民族的国家a multinational country 提倡advocate; propose 汉族the Han Nationality 强调highlight; emphasize 分布distribute China is noted for its dense population and vast territory. As a multinational country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about l.4 billion The Han Nationality is the majority, accounting for 92% 0f the total population which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China; while the ethnic minorities dwell extensively all over China distributing mainly in the southwest, the northwest and the northeast. Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive character, long traditional culture and unique conventions. Chinese government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united ethnic relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Passage 3 中国桥梁 中国的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史中国古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料,形式多样,极富特色。中国现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥,位于河北省赵县安济桥又名赵州桥,桥长50.82关,桥宽9米,为国家重点保护的文物(cultural relic). 清朝末年,兰州黄河铁桥建成,标志着中国桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土( concrete)为主要材料的时期:如今,中国的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录,中国跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列. 桥梁建设bridge construction/building 末年late years; last years: final years 有着悠久的历史boast/have a long history 进入了……的时期step into an era of___ 形式多样vary in forms 世界记录world record

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16-17年四级翻译: 华山位于华阴市,距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分,秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北,也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同,华山过去很少有人光临,因为上山的道路极其危险。然而,希望长寿的人却经常上山,因为山上生长着许多药草,特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来,参观人数大大增加。(145字) Huashan(Mount Hua) is situated in Huayin City, 120 kilometers away from Xi' an. It ispart of the Qinling Mountains, which divides not only Southern and N orthernShaanxi, but also South and North China. Unlike Taishan, which becam e a popularplace of pilgrimage, Huashan was not well visited in the past beca use it is dangerousfor the climbers to reach its summit. Huashan was also an i mportant place frequentedby immortality seekers, as many herbs grow there esp ecially some rare ones. Sincethe installation of the cable cars in the 1990s, the number of visitors hasincreased significantly. 黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特,尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽,通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景,得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成,是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉,其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一,也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。 Mount Huang is located in the south of Anhui province. Its landscape is unique, and it is especially famous for its sunrise and sea of clouds. In order to appreciate the magnificence of this great mountain, one has to look up, but to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mount Huang, one has to look down. Mount Huang’s humid climate is fit for the growth of tea tree, and it is one of the major tea tree growing areas of China. There are also many warm springs in Mount Huang, whose water is helpful for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases. Mount Huang is one of the major tourist destinations in china, and is also the most popular subject of photography and traditional Chinese paintings. 泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米,方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观,而且是一座历史文化名山,过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载,共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感,写诗作文,艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。 Mountain Tai , 2,700 m above sea level and 400 square kilometers, which is located in the western part of China. It enjoys not only the magnificent sight, but the high reputation for its historical culture. Mountain Tai is a place of worship for pilgrims for 3,000 thousand years. According to the record, it was visited by 72 emperors in total. Many writers obtain inspiration and compose poems and compositions by visiting Mountain Tai.

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