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《初级会计》试题真题(含答案)

《初级会计》试题真题(含答案)
《初级会计》试题真题(含答案)

《初级会计》试题真题(含答案)

《初级会计》往年试题

下方是正文:

一、单选

1.下列各项中,属于企业流动资产的是( A )A.预付账款 B.预收账款 C.无形资产 D.资本公积

2.下列各项中,不属于会计信息质量要求的有( D )

A.可比性

B.相关性

C.可靠性

D.永续盘存制

3.下列各项中,不属于对账内容的是( B )

A.账账核对

B.账表核对 C账实核对 .D.账证核对

4.下列经济业务发生时,仅引起资产要素内部发生变动的经济业务是(D)

A. 赊销商品

B.向银行借款存入银行备用

C.以银行存款偿还短期借款

D.用银行购买存货

5.下列有关财务报表的表述,不正确的是( C )

A.资产负债表是静态表

B.利润表是动态表

C.现金

流量表是静态表D.年报包括所有财务报表

6.小型农业企业从上海证券交易所购入A公司股票

并随时准备以赚取价差,会计上对该项投资的核算账

户是(B)

A.对外投资

B.短期投资

C.长期股权投资

D.长期

债券投资

7.农业企业发生的下列费用中,不属于期间费用的是(A)

A.制造费用

B.管理费用

C.销售费用

D.财务费用

8.下列各项中,不属于农业企业收入要素内容的是

( C )

A.销售农产品的收入

B.购买国债的利息收入

C.接

受捐赠收入 D.提供运输服务的收入

9.五一农场2013年度的销售收入净额为9786万元,

销售成本为6673元,净利润为1583万元。据此计算

的销售(净)利润率应为(A)

A.16.18%

B.23.72%

C.31.81%

D.68.19%

10.下列各项发生时,会影响企业经营活动现金流量

的是(C)

A.从银行提取现金备用

B.以银行存款偿还借款利息

C.以银行存款购进存货

D.出售股票投资收到现款存入银行

11.下列有关会计科目的表述中,正确的是( D )

A.会计科目有一定结构

B.在我国,会计科目均由企业自行设置

C.会计科目是对会计内部进行基本分类的项目

D.会计科目是对会计要素进一步分类所形成的具体项目12.农民专业合作社核算合作社与其成员的经济往来业务的账户是(C)

A.内部往来

B.社员往来

C.成员往来

D.应收账款

13.下列各项中,不属于农业资产的是(B)

A.幼畜及育肥畜

B.经济林木

C.牲畜(禽)和林木

D.房屋资产

14.农村集体经济组织的“一事一议资金”科目属于(B)

A.资产类

B.负债类

C.费用类

D.所有者权益类

15.农村集体经济组织的费用不包括(C)

A.经营支出

B.管理费用

C.劳务成本

D.其他费用

16.会计凭证分为原始凭证和记账凭证的标准是( C )

A.凭证的填制方法不同

B.取得凭证的来源不同

C.凭证的填制程序和用途不同

D.凭证反映经济业务内容不同

17.复式记账发的理论依据是(A)

A.会计基本等式

B.记账规则

C.会计法

D.会计准则

18.企业现行资产负债表中,表内各项目分类与排列的主要依据是( D )

A.项目金额的大小

B.项目的重要性

C.项目的货币性

D.项目的流动性

19.借贷记账法下,账户“发生额试算平衡法”的依据是( B )

A.会计目标

B.记账规则

C.权责发生制

D.基本会计等式

20.规定会计核算空间范围的会计假设是( A)

A.会计主体假设

B.持续经营假设

C.会计分期假设

D.货币计量假设

21.按照权责发生制,农村企业本期发生的下列收支中,影响本期利润的是( C )

A.饲养肉猪领用饲料

B.用银行存款预付明年的大田作物保险费

C.出售肉猪一批,价款已收妥

D.收到上期赊销农产品的货款存入银行

22.八一农场饲养的肉猪中,其中第一批共30头、每头饲养成本300元;第二批有50头,每头饲养成本320元;第三批有15头,每头饲养成本330元,上述肉猪均已达到出栏标准。现出售其中的45头,按照先进先出法计算的销售成本为(B)

A.13500元

B.13800元

C.14400元

D.14850元

23.下列经济业务中,能引起所有者权益项目一增一减的是( B)

A.用银行存款偿还长期借款20万元

B.从净利中提取盈余公积10万元

C.接受投资者投入货币资金50万元存入银行

D.决定向投资者分配现金利润8万元,尚未支付

24.农场自行营造经济林,下列相关支出中,不应计入该项资产成本的是(D)

A.造林费

B.营林设备费

C.林木抚育费

D.农场行政办公大楼折旧费

25.八一农场采用分期收款方式销售大米一批,价款总价计160万元,成本总价计110万元。合同规定该批大米价款自销售日起的两年内、分4个半年平均支付,具体付款日为每半年的期初。全部大米已发至购货方企业,第一期货款已收到。根据《小企业会计准则》的规定,八一农场销售大米时,应确认销售收入(A)

A. 40万

B.50万 C110万 .D.160万

26.以下不属于农民专业合作社存货内容的是(D)

A.化肥

B.农药

C.低值易耗品

D.房地产

27.下列各项中,应计入农民专业合作社农产品成本的是(D)

A.直接材料

B.直接人工

C.间接费用

D.加工成本

28.下列会计科目中,能反映和监督农民专业合作社盈余总体情况的是( A )

A.本年盈余

B.净利润

C.本年利润

D.当前收益

29.核算农村集体经济组织内部应收款项的账户是( B )

A.成员往来

B.内部往来

C.应收账款

D.应收项目

30.农村集体经济组织使用一事一议资金购入不需要安装的固定资产,应借记“一事一议资金”账户,同时贷记得账户( D )

A.银行存款

B.固定资产

C.成员往来

D.资本公积

31.下列各项下中,不属于会计假设的是( D )A.会计主体 B.持续经营 C.会计分期 D.权责发送制

32。会计人员编制记账凭证的主要依据是( B )A.外来原始凭证 B.审核无误的原始凭证 C..自制原始凭证D.审核无误的会计凭证

33。下列以基本会计等式作为理论依据的是(B)

A.设计并编制利润表B设计并编制资产负债表 .C.设计并编制现金流量表 D.借贷记账法下帐户发生额试算平衡

34.财产清查中,对库存现金的调查属于(A)

A.局部清查和定期清查

B.全面清查和定期清查

C.全面清查和不定期清查

D.局部清查和不定期清查

35.企业从债权人处筹集的资金,会计上称为( C )

A.资产

B.长期投资

C.负债

D.实收资本

36.农民企业生产性生物资产在生产经营期间计提的折旧,应计入企业的( A )

A.生产成本

B.营业外支出

C.其他业务成本

D.主营业务成本

37.下列项目中,应作为农业企业财务费用核算的是(C)

A.诉讼费

B.行政管理人员工资

C.短期借款利息

D.业务宣传费

38.农业企业正在生长中的大田作物属于( B )

A.原材料

B.消耗性生物资产

C.农产品

D.生产性生物资产

39现金流量表中的现金不包括( D )

A.库存现金

B.银行存款

C.其他货币资金

D.3个月到期的股票投资

40.农业企业采用托收承付方式销售农产品,其收入的确认时点是( A )

A.办理托收手续时

B.实际收到货款时

C.农产品发出时

D.签到销售合同时

41.合作社购入存货的实际成本项目中,不包括(C)

A.发票价格

B.运输费

C.佣金

D.运输途中损耗

42.农民专业合作社出入库的材料、商品、包装物和低值易耗品。以及验收入库的农产品其核算账户是( C )

A.原材料

B.存货

C.产品物质

D.周转材料

43.现行财会制度规定,农民专业合作社应付盈余返还按成员与本社交易量(额)比例返还给成员的金额,返还给成员的盈余总额不得低于可分配盈余的( B )A.70% B.60% C.65% D.20%

44.农村集体经济组织的投资者投入库存物资,按实际成本计价,该实际成本为(A)

A.评估确认价值

B.实际发生价值

C.市场价值

D.相关凭证标明价值

45.我国《村集体经济组织会计制度》规定,产役畜的饲养费用应予以费用化,计入( D )

A.经营成本

B.经营费用

C.产役畜费用

D.经营支出

46.下列各项中,属于村集体经济组织长期负债内容的是( D )

A.应付工资

B.应付福利费

C.短期借款

D.一事一议资金

47.企业会计记账基础是( C )

A.收付实现制

B.永续盘存制

C.权责发生制

D.实地盘存制

48某乡镇企业12月1日所有者权益为1000万元,12月份实现净利润200万元,提取盈余公积50万元,向投资者分配利润20万元。据此,该企业12月31日所有者权益为( B )

A.1130万元

B.1180万元

C.1200万元

D.1220万元

49.下列各项中,不属于农业企业流动资产的是

A.产畜

B.大田作物

C.银行存款

D.应收账款

50.下列各项中,应作为农业企业管理费用核算的是( C )

A.借款利息

B.广告费

C.业务招待费

D.仔猪饲养费

51.下列各项中,不属于农业企业利润表项目的是( D )

A.销售费用

B.管理费用

C.财务费用

D.生产性生物资产

52. .下列各项中,反映企业短期偿债能力指标的是( B )A.B.C.D.

A产权比率 .B.流动比率 C.资产负债率 D.净资产收益率

53.下列有关农业企业利润表的表达,不正确的是( A )

A.静态表报

B.反映经营成果

C.动态表报

D.据此可分析盈利能力

54.村集体经济组织的应付福利费主要用途不包括

A.集体福利、文教、卫生

B.照顾烈军属、五保户、困难户的支出

C计划生育支出,农民因公伤亡的医疗费、生活补助及抚恤金

D兴建集体福利等公益设施支出

55.村集体经济组织收到某大型机械厂捐赠的联合收割机一台,按规定应当计入( B )

A.固定资产

B.公积公益金

C.资本

D.其他公益金

二、简答题

1.什么是会计规范?会计核算中为什么要制定并执行会计规范?

答:会计规范是会计工作核算的依据它是组织会计工作必须遵循的法律和行政法规,以及协调、统一会计处理过程中对不同处理方法做出合理选择的假设、原则、制度的总和,是会计行为的标准。

会计工作是一项综合性强的经济管理工作,为了

保证会计工作的顺利进行,必须制度和执行会计规范,具体意义:一是实现会计目标的需要,二是协调各方利益包括解除经理热受托责任的需要,三是国际经济交往的需要

2.反映企业短期偿债能力的财务指标有哪些?以其中两个指标为例,试分析如何据此评价企业的短期偿债能力?

答反映企业短期偿债能力的财务指标主要有流动比率、速动比率、现金比率。其中流动比率是流动资产与流动负债之比考查以流动资产偿还流动负债是否足够,正常情况下该比率约为 2.指标低与高。可能影响短期偿债能力,需要结合其他因素作进一步分析速动比率是速动资产与流动负债之比,正常情况下指标值为1比较合适,小于1时,短期偿债能力会有问题,因速动资产比流动资产周转更快,因而该指标更能反映短期偿债能力的强弱。现金比率是企业的现金类资产与流动负债之比,指标值越大,短期偿债能力越强。由于现金类资产可随时提现或转让变现,故本指标反映企业随时可以偿还债务的能力,在企业应收账款或存货变现存在问题时尤其重要。

3.什么是农业资产?农业资产如何计价?

答:农业资产主要是指生物资产中的牲畜和林木,包括幼畜及育肥畜、产畜及役畜、经济林木和非经济林木等。农业资产的计价方法有三种,原始价值指购入农业资产的买价及相关税务的总额,是实际发生并有支付凭证的支出,饲养价值、管护价值和培植价值,摊余价值指农业资产的原始价值加饲养价值或培植价值减去农业资产的累计摊销后的余额。

4.什么是会计科目?什么是账户?试举例说明两者的联系与区别。

答:会计科目是对会计要素进行分类分的项目名称。账户是根据会计科目开设的、具体有一定结构和格式的记账实体。两者的联系:两者都是对经济业务的分类,且会计科目是账户的名称。两者的区别:会计科目仅是分类的结果,没有专门的结构和格式,不能记录经济业务的增减变化情况,而账户不仅能分类反映经济业务内容,还能连续、系统记录经济业务变化,例如:-------

5会计信息使用者主要有哪些?各自需要重点了解的会计信息是什么?

答:会计信息使用者是一个群体或集团。就企业来说,主要包括出资人、债权人、政府有关部门、企业管理

者、职工,甚至企业所在的街道、行业协会等。

不同的信息使用者有不同的信息需求。股东侧重于企业盈利能力的信息,债券人侧重于企业资本结构和偿债能力的信息;政府税务部门重点了解企业的利润的信息,以权衡其是否依法纳税;企业经理人员侧重于资产结构和经营能力的信息,企业职工重点关注企业财务状况与经营成果的信息等。

6.村集体经济组织中的公益公积金指的是什么?其来源和用途分别是什么?

答:公益公积金是村集体经济组织从收益中提取的,或者从其他来源取得的、用于扩大生产经营、承担经营风险及集体公益事业的专用基金。公积公益金的来源主要有以下几个渠道:从年收益中提取、资本溢价、资产重估增值、土地补偿费、转让土地使用权收入、一事一议筹资劳转入等。公积公益金可用于转增资本和弥补亏损,也可用于集体福利等公益设施建设。7.财务会计为什么选择实际成本作为基本计量属性?

答:货币不变是会计的假设之一,会计提供信息以货币作为主要计量单位,在币值基本稳定的前提下,会

计核算采用实际成本计量,是世界各国的通用做法。所以,几个世纪以来实际成本一直是会计计量最基本、最重要的计量属性。之所以受到普遍推崇和应用,是因为它具有以下优点:一是成本是实际发生数,一般有发票、合同、账单等作为依据,既客观又可靠,二是其数据容易取得,又有原始凭证作为依据,可随时进行验证和考查,三是不同企业或同一企业的不同时期都采用历史成本计量,可避免由于采用其他计量属性而引起的会计信息的差异,确保会计信息的一致性和可比性。

8.为核算合作社与其成员的经济往来业务,合作社应该设置什么账户进行核算?其具体核算内容与结构是什么?

答:为核算合作社与其成员的经济往来业务,合作社应设置“成员往来”账户进行核算。该账户借方登记合作社与所属单位和社员发生的各种应收及暂付款和偿还的各种应付及暂收账款,贷方登记合作社与所属和社员发生的各种应付及暂收款项和收回的各种应收及暂付款项。

9.农村集体经济组织会计核算的特点是什么?

答:村集体经济组织会计核算的特点包括:村集体经

济组织实行两级核算制度,遵循统一核算与分散核算相结合的核算体制,村集体经济组织所属的各承包单位实行单独核算,所发生的经济业务不记入村集体经济的账内,直接生产经营和社区管理活动是会计核算的重要内容,会计核算的目的是向村集体经济组织成员反映其经营管理状况,会计核算工作要接受政府监督

10.村集体经济组织“一事一议”专项资金指什么?应设置什么账户进行核算,具体如何登记?

答:“一事一议”资金是村集体经济组织兴办生产、公益事业,按一事一议的形式筹集的专项资金。会计上应专设“一事一议资金”账户进行核算,该账户借方登记使用额,贷方登记筹资额。该账户的期末借方余额,反映村集体经济组织一事一议专项工程建设的超支数,期末贷方余额,反映村集体经济组织应当用于一事一议专项工程建设的资金。

11.农村企业的生物资产如何分类?试各举一例说明。它们在性质上有和区别?

答:农业企业的生物资产分为消耗性生物资产、生产性生物资产两类。消耗性生物资产是指农业企业为出售而持有、或者在将来收获为农产品的生物资产,包

括生长中的大田作物,蔬菜,用材林以及存栏待售的牲畜等,生产性生物资产是指农业企业为生产农村品、提供劳务或出租等目的而持有的生物资产,包括经济林、薪炭林、产畜和役畜等。

区别:消耗性生物资产具有存货的特征,在资产负债表中作为流动资产(存货)列报,生产性生物资产具有固定资产的特征,在资产负债表中作为长期资产单独列报

三、会计分录题

1.光大农场收到股东对企业的投资300000元存入银行。

借:银行存款 300000

贷:实收资本 300000

2.光大农场收到上月销售农产品的货款80000元存入银行

借:银行存款 80000

贷:应收账款 80000

3.光大农场购进种子及化肥一批为种植作物备用,采

购成本共计50000元,货物已验收入库,货款暂欠。借:原材料 80000

贷:应付账款 80000

4.光大农村计提本月应负担的银行短期借款利息10000元,下月初付款

借:财务费用 10000

贷:应付利息 10000

5.长洼合作社赊购幼牛10头,每头幼牛600元

借:牲畜(禽)资产 6000

贷:应付款 6000

6.长洼合作社栽植枣树,用现金支付人工费用4000元

借:林木资产 4000

贷:库存现金 4000

7.长洼合作社收到成员投入材料一批,评估确认价10000元。

借:产品物资 10000

贷:股金 10000

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would

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相像的“情与貌”。是中国人,就有权利,向上帝要一座山。 (3)命题即兴评述(要求:3分钟,要有交流感。) 我看“寓公移山” 播音主持专业试题4号卷 沉睡的海 那是一片涂抹不掉的蓝色,那是一段听不完的歌谣,那是一个梦不尽的天堂。海,静静 地躺在夜色中,沉睡在月光下。 也许是累了,海在挣脱缰绳狂奔喧嚣之后,已经耗尽了所有的体力,现在正安静地睡着,任和煦的风轻拂着面容,任沉静的夜吟唱着天籁之音。海上升明月,天涯共此时。 仿佛置身于大海的怀抱,仿佛在蓝色的海洋中变成一滴海水,仿佛透过一滴海水看清了整个海洋。海沉睡的时候该有怎样的笑容?自己沉睡的时候梦的颜色是否蔚蓝?大海呀,大 海,你可是我生长的地方? 沉睡的海呀,该不是倦了的夜晚向你呼唤,该不是暖暖的风儿对你缠绵。我知道,你只是沉睡了倦容,沉睡了足迹,那滚动的热血里依然跳动着青春的气息,那奔腾的热望里期待 着又一次的汹涌澎湃。 我想,你是海,你是沉睡的海。 (3)命题即兴评述(要求:3分钟,要有交流感。) 海峡两岸的盼望 播音主持专业试题5号卷 日 为着追求光和热,将身子扑向灯火,终于死在灯下,或者浸在油中,飞蛾是值得赞美的。在最后的一瞬间它得到光,也得到热了。我怀念上古的夸父,他追赶日影,渴死在旸谷。为着追求光和热,人宁愿舍弃自己的生命。生命是可爱的。但寒冷的、寂寞的生,却不如轰轰烈烈的死。没有了光和热,这人间不是会成为黑暗的寒冷世界吗?倘使有一双翅膀,我甘愿做人间的飞蛾。我要飞向火热的日球,让我在眼前一阵光、身内一阵热的当儿,失去知觉, 而化作一阵烟,一撮灰。 (3)命题即兴评述(要求:3分钟,要有交流感。)我理想中的大学。

(完整版)2018年英语二真题及答案

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考研英语二真题及答案解析修订版

考研英语二真题及答案 解析完整版 集团标准化办公室:[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]

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