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传感器尺寸对高速列车空气动力学测试影响

传感器尺寸对高速列车空气动力学测试影响

何洪阳1,陈麒天2,陈春俊3

(1.中国核动力研究设计院,四川成都610041;2.成都外国语学校,四川成都611731;

3.西南交通大学机械工程学院,四川成都610031)

来稿日期:2018-02-06

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51475387)

作者简介:何洪阳,(1988-),男,四川巴中人,硕士研究生,助理工程师,主要研究方向:力学试验;

陈春俊,(1967-),男,四川蒲江人,博士研究生,教授,主要研究方向:自动控制、高速列车空气动力学性能测试、半主动/主动控制

1 引言

随着列车的运行速度不断提高,空气动力效应加剧[1]。列车

表面压力分布不同而产生气动载荷,气动载荷直接影响列车的行

车安全、能耗、气动噪声、气动振动及车内气压舒适性等[3-4]。因此,

对列车表面压力准确测试至关重要,线路试验是研究列车空气动

力学最直接的方法。为了减小传感器自身尺寸对测点处流场的影响[4-5],选取航空航天领域常用的贴片式微型超薄压阻式气压传感器。由于传感器的体积小,通常线路试验时忽略传感器自身尺寸对测点流场影响。然而,传感器自身尺寸对测点流场影响未知,需进一步探究其测试误差,以此来修正测试信号。针对这一问题,以某CRH 型高速列车为研究对象,在头车侧面中部某测点处建立含有传感器的列车模型,在不同典型速度

摘要:列车线路试验是研究高速列车气动性能最直接的方法,通常用微型超薄气压传感器测试列车表面压力,然而传感器自身尺寸会对测点处流场产生影响,导致测试结果不准确。针对这一长期被忽略的问题,分别建立单独列车模型和含传感器的列车模型,采用大涡数值模拟方法计算两种模型测点处的表面压力,利用希尔伯特-黄变换提取脉动压力;分析由于传感器自身尺寸带来的平均压力和脉动压力的测量误差,并建立与运行速度的幂函数关系。结果表明:由于传感器自身尺寸影响,测点处平均压力的测量误差绝对值近似与运行速度呈二次函数,脉动压力级改变幅值与速度的三次方呈正比关系,各速度级下总脉动压力级改变幅值几乎相等。将结论用于修正线路试验测试数据,为高速列车气动性能研究提供更准确的数据。

关键词:高速列车;压力传感器;脉动压力;测量误差

中图分类号:TH16;U260.11;TB126文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-3997(2018)07-0076-04

Influence of Sensor ’s Size on Aerodynamic Test of High-Speed Train

HE Hong-yang 1,CHEN Qi-tian 2,CHEN Chun-jun 3

(1.Nuclear Power Institute of China ,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China ;2.Chengdu Foreign Languages School ,Sichuan Chengdu 611731,China ;3.School of Mechanical Engineering of Southwest Jiaotong University ,Sichuan Chengdu 610031,China )

Abstract :Train line test is the most direct method to study aerodynamic performance of high -speed train.The micro air pressure sensor is usually used to test the air pressure.However ,the tiny sensor ’s size will influence the flow field of the measuring point ,leading to inaccurate test results.In response to the long-neglected problem ,train aerodynamic model and train aerodynamic model whose surface includes sensor model are established ,and large eddy numerical simulation method is used to calculate the two models ’surface pressure of measuring point.Fluctuation pressure is extracted from surface pressure by using Hilbert Huang transform.Measurement error brought by the size of the sensor itself of average pressure and fluctuation pressure is analyzed and established the power function relationship along the running speed.The results show that ,due to the size of the sensor itself ,absolute error of average pressure along the speed is quadratic and change amplitude of fluctuation pressure level along the speed is cubic at the point of measurement ,but change amplitude of the total fluctuation pressure level is almost equal at different speeds.The results will be used to modify the line test data and provide more accurate data for the research of aerodynamic performance of high-speed train.

Key Words :High-Speed Train ;Pressure Sensor ;Fluctuation Pressure ;Measurement Error Machinery Design &Manufacture 机械设计与制造第7期2018年7月

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