当前位置：文档视界 › 初中英语虚拟语气

初中英语虚拟语气

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情

况，故采用虚拟语气。

如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：If time permits, we'll go fishing together.

如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。

虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句

wish（would rather）+宾语从句

suggest（…）+宾语从句

2. 主语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do

表语从句S+is that +s + (should) +do

同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do

3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did

I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)

时间条件状语从句主句

与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…

与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done…S+would/should/could/might+have done…

与将来事实相反的假设did…

If+S should do S+would/should/could/might+do…

were to do

注意事项：

1．倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2．错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。

3．If there weren't/had not been +…=without…

4．If it were not for…／If it hadn't been for…＝ but for…

5．otherwise+虚拟语气的句子

6．虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子

虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。一．一般情况下，英语虚拟语气的形式有下列3种：

语境条件从句主句例子

1.与现在事实相反一般过去式：

were/did

would/should/could/might +

do(动词原形)

If John had the time, he would make a trip to

China to see the Great Wall.

If I were you, I would give up drinking

immediately.

2.与将来事实相反(1). should+动

词原形

(2). 一般过去式：

were/did

(3)、were to+动词

原形

would/should/could/might +

do（动词原形）

If you should lose, what would you do?

If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the

truth.

If you went there next time, you would see what I

mean.

3.与过去事实相反过去完成时：had+

过去分词

would/should/could/might+

have done

If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David

二.、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

1.虚拟语气的倒装：将if去掉，谓语动词提前。

如：If I were you, I would give up drinking. =Were I you, I would give up drinking.

If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.

2.有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

（if从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟。）

If I were you, I would have gone home.

（if从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟。）

三．虚拟语气的其他用法

1、Suggest, advise 等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

suggest, advise, recommend, demand,

require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形

ask, move, propose等

注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.

上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.

注意：

* insist有两个意思，当表示“坚持让某人做某事”（含命令口吻）时，that从句用虚拟，如：He insists that we (should) go home now.

当表示“坚持某种说法”时，that从句用陈述语气。

He insists that he is right.

*suggest也有两个意思，当表示“建议”时，that从句用虚拟语气，如：I suggest that we should go home now.

当表示“暗示”时，that从句用陈述语气。

如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 所有证据偶读暗示是他偷了钱。

2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

imperative, advisable, 动词完成式

(should) +

It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that…

essential, strange,等动词原形

It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.

It is right that you should have done your homework.

3、wish的用法

主句谓语动词that 从句谓语动词例子

现在的愿望：wish/wishes 一般过去式:did或were I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一

样高。

过去的愿望：wished 过去完成式:had done I wished I had never stopped teaching.

(=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)

对将来的愿望：wish/wishes would/could +动词原形I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天

下雨就好了。

注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1）We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)

4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：

He acts as if nothing had happened.

I would rather you didn’t tell him.

动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：

5、It’s (high) time that…＋

It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.

It’s high time (that) we took some action.

虚拟语气练习题

( )1. If you were old enough, I ________ you to go there yesterday.

A. will allow

B. should allow

C. would have allowed

D. had allowed

( )2. The secretary suggested that they ________ the men in at once.

A. had brought

B. should have brought

C. brought

D. bring

( )3. __________I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was

B. Had been

C. Will be

D. Were

( )4. It is strange that such a thing _________ in your class.

A. will happen

B. happens

C. should happen

D. happened

( )5. How I wish I ________ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.

A. had tried

B. hadn't tried

C. have tried

D. didn't try

( )6. If he _______ to the teacher attentively, he _______ the answer to the problem now.

A. had listened, would have known

B. listened, would know

C. listened, would have known

D. had listened, would know

( )7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _______ your birthday party.

A. attended

B. had attended

C. would attend

D. would have attended ( )8. If only I _________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

A. had known

B. would know

C. should know

D. knew

( )9. The two strangers talks as if they _______ friends for years.

A. were

B. would be

C. have been

D. had been

( )10. It is high time we _______ up our results.

A. sum

B. summed

C. will sum

D. would sum

( )11 The librarian insists that John _______ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.

A. will take

B. took

C. take

D. takes

( )12. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _______ in the experiment.

succeed B. could not have succeeded

A. shouldn’ｔ

C. will not succeed

D. should not have succeeded

about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

( )13. It’ｓ

A. take

B. took

C. have taken

D. will take

( )14. She couldn't have answered the question if she ________ a few books on world

history.

read D. didn’ｔ

read read B. hasn’ｔ

read C. wouldn’ｔ

A. hadn’ｔ

it about time that you ________ to pick up the visitors from New York?

( )15. Isn’ｔ

A. had gone

B. should go

C. go

D. will go

( )16. The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ______ free immediately.

A. did; set

B. had done; should be set

C. do; be set

D. had done; must be set

( )17. Your advice that______ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits

B. she wait

C. wait she

D. she waited

( )18. It was essential that we_________ lease（条约、合同） before the end

of the month.

A. sign

B. signed

C. had signed

D. were signing

( )19. I wish that I ______ with you last night.

A. went

B. have gone

C. could go

D. could have gone ( )20. He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he ______a Chinese.

A. were

B. had been

C. is

D. has been

( )21. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.

A. has been

B. was

C. is

D. had been

( )22. It is important that the TOEFL ___________office your registration.

A. will confirm

B. confirm

C. confirms

D. must confirm

( )23. If I had seen the movie, I ___________you all about it now.

A. would tell

B. will tell

C. have told

D. would have told ( )24. I had hoped that John ______a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends

B. spent

C. would spend

D. will spend

( )25. I’ｄ

rather you anything about it for the time being.

do C. don’ｔ D. didn’ｔ

A. do

B. didn’ｔ

time we the class.

( )26. Everybody has arrived. It’ｓ

A. shall start

B. would start

C. had started

D. should start ( )27. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of

B. But for

C. Because of

D. As for

( )28.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ________.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

have answered the question if she ______ a few books on

( )29. She couldn’ｔ

world history.

read

read D. didn’ｔ

read C. wouldn’ｔ

A. hadn’ｔ

read B. hasn’ｔ

( )30. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling

B. circles

C. is circling

D. be circling

II. Translation

我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。

他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。

3.---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？

---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。

4．如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这

5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。

I. 1-5 CDDCB 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 BBADA

21-25 DBACB 26-30 BBCAA 31-35 DBDCB 36-40 DCCCA 41-45 CDBCC II.

1．I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him. 2．He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.

3．---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.

seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

4．If you hadn’ｔ

5．Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。一、英语动词的时态（一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异：英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。（二）英语动词的形式：英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时；在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时；在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。（三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

2021年初中英语语法知识—动词的难题汇编及答案(1)

一、选择题 1．—________ you Mary? —Yes, I ________. A．Are; is B．Is; am C．Are; am D．Am; is 2．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 3．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 4．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 5．Parents always hope their children a happy and healthy life. A．to live B．can live C．living D．should live 6．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 7．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 8．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 9．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 10．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 11．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it?

(英语)初中英语虚拟语气练习题及解析

（英语）初中英语虚拟语气练习题及解析一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I ＿＿you . I＿＿study harder. A．am , will B．was, would C．were, would D．were, will 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会更努力学习。这个句子要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。所以用过去式were, would,故选C。考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．I don’t understand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver. A．think; are B．am thinking; are C．thought; were D．think; were 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】句意：我不明白你是怎么得到罚单的。我一直以为你是一个谨慎的司机。考查动词时态辨析题。本句是虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，需用一般过去时；根据句意结构，可知选C。 3． If I ____Alice, I _____them the truth. A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D．is , will tell 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是你，我将告诉他们真相，本题if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中，be用were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用would，故本题选B。考点：if引导的虚拟条件句。点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实的条件句，if后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一种是虚拟的条件句，if后用过去时，be用were，在英文的实际使用中应该注意它们的区别。 4．If I you, I the army. A．am, would join B．were, would join C．am, will join D．were, will join 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：句意:如果我是你,我会参军.结合语境可知本句是对客观状况的虚拟,故用过去时态,主句用过去将来时态.选B.

考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二)

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路! 考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（二）六、个别特殊短语 would rather，had rather，had better，would （just） as soon， would sooner 均作 "但愿，宁愿”讲时：（一）后接动词原形，表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择例句：1 would rather go there with you ，because you are the only person that I have been acqua in ted with. 分析：该句是复合句，定语从句that I have bee n acqua in ted with 修饰the only person。译文：我宁愿和你一起去那儿，因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。（二）后接从句，从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去完成时表示过去的愿望例句：I d rather he stayed there，because weather is said to be somewhat worse accord ing to the n ews. 分析：该句是复合句，weather is said to be...是it is said that...的变形。译文：我希望他待在那儿，因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。例句：I d rather you had not bee n so rude to her，she was a new comer after all. 分析：该句是复合句，其中after all意为"究竟，毕竟”，you had not been so rude to her 表示与过去事实相反假设。译文：真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁，毕竟她是新来的。七、as if/as though引导的方式状语从句表示“仿佛，好像”时也用虚拟式，从句中动词用一般过去时（be用were）表示与现在相反假设；动词用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来相反假设；动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。例句：The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood as if their immune system —the self protect ing mecha nism aga inst disease—had crashed. 分析：该句是复合句，as if their immune system had crashed 是方式状语从句，两个破折号间的内容是对system做进一步的解释。译文：老鼠感染血液病毒后，似乎它们的免疫系统一一即抵御疾病的自我保护机制一—被彻底摧毁了。例句：But it s not as if earlier times didn t know perpetual war，disaster and the massacre of innocents.（选自2006 年Text 4）分析：该句是复合句，as if引导的方式状语从句在句中作表语。译文：但是这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。另外，as if（as though）后面的从句也可用陈述语气，尤其在it looks/seems as if（as though）结构中。例句：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west，so it seems as if the earth is circling round the sun.

初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气(2)

初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气（2） 1. Well, it is high time you ________the train. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch 2. He talks as though eh ________all the work himself, but in fact Jim and John did most of it. A. did B. has done C. does D. had done 3. He spoke as though he ________in space at that moment. A. walked B. would walk C. were walking D. would have walked 4. He looked ________he had just woken. A. that B. if though C. as if D. like 5. If only we ________a recorder of our own. A. had B. have C. will have D. would have 6. Mother told me to put on my coat ________I should catch cold. A. if B. unless C. in order that D. for fear that 7. She insisted that we ________there for another two days. A. stay B. would stay C. stayed D. must stay 8. I requested that he ________ us some advice on how to do it. A. must give B. give C. were to give D. gave 9. It was requested that the play ________again.

高中英语虚拟语气知识点及练习

高中英语虚拟语气知识点及练习内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）

虚拟语气：虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法： 1、a. If I were you, I would apply for the job. b. If I lived near my office, I would walk to the office. 与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：过去式（be用were）主句谓语：should / would / could / might+动词原形 2、a. If you had been more careful, You could have passed the exam. b. If you had turned off the gas, the house wouldn’t have caught fire. 与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：had+动词过去分词主句谓语：should / would / could / might + have done 3、a. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. b. if it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. c. If it rained tomorrow, we would not go camping. 与将来事实相反：If条件从句谓语：过去式 / should + v原形 / were + to do 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + do 二、混合虚拟条件句：不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如： a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now. 从句叙述与过去事实相反（had + done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would + v）

初中英语虚拟语气技巧(很有用)及练习题

初中英语虚拟语气技巧(很有用)及练习题一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I ＿＿you . I＿＿study harder. A．am , will B．was, would C．were, would D．were, will 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会更努力学习。这个句子要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。所以用过去式were, would,故选C。考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I not so busy ,I with you . A．was , would go B．were , would go C．was , should go D．were , will go 【答案】B 【解析】句意“如果我不忙，我就跟你去”。本题考查对将来的虚拟语气。即“if+过去时，主语+should/would/could/might do”结构。故选B。点睛： 3．--------- Come and join us, Jim! ---------- I’m sorry I can’t . If I _______ time, I would certainly go. A．will have B．have had C．had D．had had 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。（1）、与现在事实相反

考研英语虚拟语气讲义与练习

考研语法精讲第四讲虚拟语气 1.什么是虚拟语气【2010】Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influential, those selected people will do most of the work for them. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 英语语气：（1）陈述（2）祈使（3）虚拟虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等【2003】If railroad charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 【2008】In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. 2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用 ①If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） ②If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） ③She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）

初中英语语法三大从句总结

初中英语语法三大从句总结在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。宾语从句一、定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词 that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三、时态 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 定语从句一、定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。二、先行词先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后

考研英语作文万能开头语和结尾语

考研英语作文万能开头语和结尾语 1、开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?，很好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型：A proberb says, You are only young once. (适用于已记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言) 更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that 2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造： Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的 70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-dayWorkWeek Better than Six-dayWork?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that 结尾万能公式：

人教版初中英语九年级教案之 unit4 + 虚拟语气

Unit 4 What would you do? 在本单元内我们要完成以下学习任务： 1．学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。 2．学习谈论一些假设的、虚拟的情况。 3．学习使用虚拟语气提出建议。一、重难点提示 1．What would you do if you had a lot of money? 如果你有很多钱你将做什么？这是一个与现在事实相反的假设，用的是虚拟语气。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在本单元中出现的是虚拟语气中的一种：表示与现在事实相反的一种假设，与if引导的条件状语从句一起使用。结构：条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式（动词be多用were），主句中的动词用would＋动词原形。 e.g. —What would you do if you had a million dollars? 假如你有一百万美元你将干什么？ —If I had a million dollars, I’d buy a plane and travel around the world. 我将买一架飞机并周游世界。 e.g. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. 如果我是你，我会穿衬衣打领带。 I’d=I would 2．What if everybody else is wearing jeans and T-shirts? 如果别人都穿牛仔裤、T恤衫怎么办呢？ what if的用法：（1）如果……怎么办？ e.g. What if I don’t know anyone? 如果我不认识任何人怎么办？（2）即使……又有什么关系？ e.g. What if he goes angry? 即使他生气又有什么关系？ 3．—What are you like? 你是个什么样的人？ —I think I’m creative and outgoing. 我想我具备创造力并且善于交际。 ※注意以下几个句子所询问的不同内容：（1）What are you like?(like是介词)询问的是性格（personality）。（2）What do you like? (like是动词)询问的是爱好(hobby)。

何凯文考研英语十五大背诵句

大作文（12到16分）三段论第一段（30——60）描述图画。第一句：万能开头句（6,7）；第二句：图画描述句；第三句：总结句（2）。 Ps：可以用代词、such、one、the one mentioned above代替主题词图画描述句：As is shown above, Step1：对中心对象位置的描述 in the middle of ; in the sunshine ; in the darkness Step2：对中心对象动作和状态 Step3：对中心对象周围事物见另外一份讲义！第二段（100——120）阐述含义。段落展开 1、科学论据法 2、举例法(Numerous cases exist to illustrate this point.) 3、虚拟语气第一句：提出观点。第二句：强调观点（背诵5,7）。第三句：表明公众的主题。第四局：强调态度。第五局：上论据（句群）。第六句：结尾句

第二句背诵5,7 适当修改第五局： China Daily interviewed four people from four professions——a surgeon, a civil servant, a lawyer and a steelworker. The survey discovers that all of them are of the idea that 主题很重要。According to a survey conducted by China Academy of (Social)Science(CAS)/(CASS),主题很重要。第三段（30——60）评论或举例。 1、正面话题第一句：取其精华，去其糟粕。第二句：如何面对第三局：展望未来 Uttermost. 2、负面话题第一句：背诵3 第二句：句群1、背诵句4；2、专家学者想办法；3、大众提升意识

考研英语完形填空--红花绿色词原则完整版本

两大原则，力保四分第一：红花绿叶原则每次出现，每次都选的单词为红花词。每次出现，每次都不选的词为绿叶词。红花词（按排名）：however,also,yet,while,because（一定背着，很重要）绿叶词：是见到后不选的词：排名第一的是：since,而且谁跟since谁倒霉，since家族都不选，同义词：eversince,nowthat一次都没选过。还有绿叶词：what，它是著名的说和关系词，不选。What不能跟在名词后，就不能引导定语从句和同谓语从句。而定语和同谓语是考试的大热门。所以它是个绿叶词。还有两拨绿叶词，一个是涉及到虚拟语气的词。而在考研的历年考题中却出现得很少，是因为考研完型填空选材因素，完型填空都选于比较严肃的话题，而虚拟语气不能适应严肃的场景，故出现得很少。排第一的是：If only；要想了解这个词，还有only if ，only if就是if；但if only却不是only，only if既不是红花也不是绿叶。 If only用英文来解释的话，相当于I wish，相当于要是，只要，要是什么什么多好呀。 If only的用法，它的后面跟从句，从句的时态，如果与过去的情况相反，从句用过去完成时。如果与现在情况相反，从句用一般过去时。如果从句与将来的情况相反，从句用过去将来时，用would/could+动词原形。 If only或者I wish后面跟句子，它后面的句子都是过去时态，这也是是否选此词的依据。如果不是过去时，直接排除！例 44 its economy continues to recover, 44.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that 所以不选C A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without f eeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . 35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if 所以不选

初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题

浅谈初中英语虚拟语气的用法一．语气的概念英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人的意图，语气可分3种： ⑴直陈语气（又叫陈述语气）——用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。 ⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。 ⑶虚拟语气——见下面。语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。二．虚拟语气㈠概念通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。㈡动词形式虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。㈢应用 ⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下：例：1）If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. 2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ? 3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 4）If he hadn’t been strict with himself, he wouldn’t have made such progress. ⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。例如： 1）I wish that I could help him now. 我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助他） 2）I wish I could come here tomorrow. 明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小） 3）We wish he hadn’t gone. 他要是没有走该多好啊！ ⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。句型为：suggest(ed) that … (should) + 动词原形…（should可省略） 1）He suggests that we (should) visit the museum. 2) We suggested that he _____ here every day. A. come B. comes C. came D. can come E. could come 虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 1.省掉if的条件从句结构： Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如： A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...) (=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn’t helped me,…)

(完整word版)初中英语语法专项虚拟语气

初中英语语法专项练习十四——虚拟语气 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。 2. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother. A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。 3. —If he ___________, he ________that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned; would not take B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken 解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。 4. If there were no subjunctive, English ______ much easier. A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be 解析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。 5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 解析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。 6. I wish I _____ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 解析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。 7. ——If he _____ , he _____ that food. ——Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.wuld be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 解析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 解析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if it _____. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken