人版高中英语必修五Unit1知识点详解

必修5 Unit1 Great scientists

Part 1. Warming up

1.explain

及物动词（vt.）

解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]

He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。

Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?

Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。

不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解

I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。

2.characteristic

n. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.

adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.

be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性

Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。

3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?

put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨

He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。

May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？

[归纳拓展]

put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭

put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期

put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上

put away 收好

选词填空

（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）

①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.

②Man y tall buildings were _____ along the road.

③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.

④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.

⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.

Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending

1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research

how to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

We haven’t decided where to go. 我们还没有决定去哪里。

The question is when to leave. 问题是什么时候动身。

2.draw a conclusion 得出结论

1）conclusion作名词，意为“结束，结论”

come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

in conclusion 最后

I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo.最后，我对我的东京之行说几句。

2）conclude作动词，“结束；断定；决定”。

to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up)

To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.

3.John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。

expert

① n. 专家，能手an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert

② a dj. 熟练的，有专门技术的

an expert job需专门知识的工作

He is expert in / at cooking.

attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料

① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting

② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护

The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.

Dr Smith attended her in hospital.

Mother had to attend to her sick son.

③ attend to处理，注意倾听

Can you attend to the matter immediately?

I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.

4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。

(1) exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：

The book written by Luxun is very popular. 鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。

The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯教授。

(2) expose

①暴露expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。

②揭露He exposed their plot. 他揭穿了他们的阴谋。

The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。

exposed adj. 暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露，显露expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下

expose a fraud 揭穿骗局

练习：The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

5.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 对于它的起因和治疗方法人们都不清楚。

neither...nor...既不……也不，连接句中两个相同成分。

①I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他出了什

么事。

②Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week.法国和英国都将不会

参加下星期的会议。

③Neither Jim nor hi s parents have seen the film.

＝Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这部电影。

cure vt. 治疗,治愈,改正n. 治疗,治愈,治疗法

①cure sb（of sth）治好了某人（的...,...)

The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。

When I left the hospital I was completely cured.

That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever. 那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。

This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治.

②a cure for sth.治疗…的方法;解决问题，改善困境

Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法?

The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.

6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。

(1)本句为复合句，“So many thousands of terrified people died” 为主句，every time

引导时间状语从句，意思是“每当……”。

(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time，

each time，the last time，next time，the moment，the minute，immediately，instantly等。

①Every time/Each time I express an opinion，she argues back.每当我发表意见时，

她总是反驳。

②I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I

arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。

③The last time I saw him，he was quite well.我最后一次看到他时，他还相当健康。

④Give your father my best regards next time you see him.下次你见到你父亲时，请

代我向他致以最好的问候。

[拓展延伸]

(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而the first time是连词，引导时间

状语从句。

(2)It is the first time that...如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面用was，

则从句动词用过去完成时.

(3)It’s (high) time that...从句动词用过去时或should＋动词原形。

It’s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution.该到我们立即采取措施阻止污染的时候了。

7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。

suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth.

May suggested a picnic at the weekend.

He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.

He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.

I suggested leaving early for the airport.

He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.

She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking.

*suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。

The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.

The look on his face suggested that he was happy.

8..The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。

absorb vt.(1)专注，聚精会神

be absorbed in＝put one’s heart into集中精力做某事

I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. 我正专心看书，没听到你的电话。Absorbed in his work，T om simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎忘记了吃饭和睡觉。

（2）吸收，把……吸收入（absorb...into...）

Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光线。

The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小公司吞并了。

The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有知识都理解了。

9.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。

suspect vt. 认为，怀疑

常用短语：suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.

They suspect him to be the murderer.(他们怀疑他是凶手)

She suspected him of taking her money.

n. 嫌疑犯;可疑分子[C]

10 .....,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. severe adj. 严厉地；苛刻的；严格的

be severe with/on 对....严格/严厉You are too severe on the boy.

剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的a severe attack of toothache 牙痛的剧烈发作

adv. severely

11.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。

look into调查，了解，研究；朝……里面看

与one’s face/eyes等连用，表示“注视”

He looks into her face with great interest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。

和look组成的其他短语

look around/about环顾四周look after照顾；照料

look back回头看look back on 回顾；回想

look down upon 轻视，瞧不起look for 寻求；寻找

look forward to (doing) 盼望look on旁观

look on/upon...as把……看作look out往外看；注意；当心

look through浏览look up抬头看；查看

look up to sb. 尊敬/仰慕某人

12. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。

blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于n. 过失；责备;(过失、过错等)责任

①blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人/ 责备某人做了某事

They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.

②blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事归咎于某人;因某事而指责某人

The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.

③be to blame for(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；注意:be to blame应

受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任

The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.

④accept / bear / take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任

He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.

⑤put / lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人

13.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。

link vt. 连接；联系n. 环；连接；联系；纽带

14.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。

15. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。

announce vt.

高中英语必修五笔记文章知识点

Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.docsj.com/doc/8f611891.html,pare A with B 与…比

高中英语必修1知识点大全总结

高中英语必修1知识点大全总结 Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. I'm always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。 Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。 have got to conj. 不得不(必须) 1. You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。 2. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time -- unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。 Concern n. 关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑v. 涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心 1. How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 2. These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 3. This restaurant is a family concern. 这家饭店是由一家人经营的。 be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enquired after when you're ill. It shows your friends haven't stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The government's claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. Reason n. 理由,原因,理智,理性v. 说服,推论,下判断 1. She can reason very clearly. 她能很清晰地思考。 2. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun. 哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。 3. We have reason to believe that he was murdered. 我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。 list n. 目录,名单,明细表v. 列出,列于表上,记入名单内

高中英语必修二知识点总结

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