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被动语态的用1

1．被动语态的用法：强调动作的承受者；没有必要指出动作的执行者。

2．被动语态的条件：谓语必须是及物动词或词组。

被动语态的构成：be﹢过去分词，“be”随时态和主语人称和数的变化而变化。

2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom.

3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us.

被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by）”。be 本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。

1、现在1）一般现在时am/is/are + done（2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done

（3）现在完成时have/has + been done

2、过去：（1）一般过去时was/were + done （2）过去进行时was/were + being done

3、将来：一般将来时shall/will + be done

三、被动语态句式：略

（1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+（by）The cars are made by them.

（2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+（by）The cars are not made by them.

（3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）Are the cars made by them?

（4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+（not）+be<原形>+过去分词+（by）

四、被动语态的用法：

1、强调动作的承受者eg. Her bike is stolen

2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道）

Eg. This coat is made of cotton. 这件大衣是棉制的。

3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight.

五、主动与被动的转换：时态不变

A. 主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语

B. 谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）

C. 主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格

Eg. He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him.

2、S+V+O1+O2

（1）主动句的间接宾语/直接宾语→被动句的主语

Eg. They gave the children many good books.

→The children were given many good books.

Many good books were given to the children.

（2）只能主动句的直接宾语→被动句的主语

Eg. She wrote Jim a letter. →A letter was written to Jim.

3）宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语

Eg. She told me when the film started. →I was told when the film started.

1、by短语省略的几种情况：

（1）无法确定动作执行者eg. The Great Wall was built thousands years ago.

（2）泛指动作执行者eg. Children should be given a good living.

（3）不愿说出动作执行者

3、在被动语态中，感官动词和使役动词后面的不定式要带to （听hear, 观see/watch, 使make, 让let, 帮help）

一、将下列句子变为被动语态

1. They will build a road here.

2. My father is mending my bike now.

4. We must finish our homework first.

5. Shall we water the flowers?

7. My mother bought me a new pair of shoes.

8. Did he break the window?

9. We should take good care of the trees.

10. The children don’t play basketball well.

11. We are making paper flowers.

12. Miss Li teaches us math well.

13. We produced the car in China.

14. Have you posted your cards yet?

16. Will the teachers take us to the car factory?

17. We had done it before you came back.

19. You can look after your sister this afternoon.

20. They were watching a TV play when I came home.

二、单项选择

（）1. Thousands of trees every day.

A. are cut down

B. are being cut down

C. have been cut down

D. had been cut down

（）2.Football in most middle schools in many countries.

A. play

B. plays

C. is playing

D. is played

（）3. He a warm welcome at the station.

A. was given

B. gave

C. was giving

D. has given

（）4. The room again tomorrow afternoon.

A. will be cleaned

B. will clean

C. is cleaned

D. cleans

（）5. All the answers already.

A. have been found out

B. have found out

C. are found out

D. were found out

（）6. A dinosaur show at the museum next week.

A. are to be held

B. is to be held

C. are holding

D. will hold

（）7. The Great Wall all over the world.

A. are known

B. is known

C. will be known

D. knows

（）9.Water into ice under 0℃.

A. will change

B. can be changed

C. should change

D. must be changed

（）10.A strange sound last night.

A. was heard

B. hears

C. heard

D. is heard

（）13. Many new houses for teachers since last year.

A. are building

B. built

C. have built

D. have been built

（）14. The river smells terrible. People must dirty things into it.

A. be stopped throw

B. be stopped from throwing

C. stop to throw

D. stop from throwing

（）15. The medicine cool, clean and dry.

A. must keep

B. must be kept

C. must be carried

D. must be in

（）16. The lost boy this early morning.

A. found

B. was founded

C. was found

D. had found

（）18.Rice must at the right time.

A. be harvested

B. harvests

C. be harvesting

D. been harvested

（）20. Can such a thing from happening again?

A. stop

B. be stopped

C. stopped

D. be able to stop

四、用所给的词填空。

1．Our house．_______ (paint)regularly every June．

2．My father’s car _______ (repair)last week．

3．English_______(speak)all over the world now．

4．The flowers in our small garden______ (water)every day．

5. We_______ (invite)to a party last Saturday evening．

6．We couldn’t use the telephone the day before yesterday，but the telephone line _______ (repair)yesterday afternoon．

7．Our house is very old．It_______ (build)a hundred years ago．

8．Last week we_______ (introduce)to a famous actress.

9．“You are the thief，said the policeman.“You_______(see)in the shop at midnight last Saturday.”

10．I can’t understand this magazine．It_______ (write) in German！

初中被动语态讲解

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