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2021北京外国语大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书

2021北京外国语大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书
2021北京外国语大学外国语言学及应用语言学考研真题经验参考书

最近学弟学妹经常问我考研难不难,我想说的是,当然难啊,(无奈脸)如果在你知道考研到底有多难之后还是决定考研的话,那必须给你点赞了哈哈,大家一定要多和师兄师姐交流,不要走弯路,我在复习过程中受到了考研许多师哥师姐的帮助,真的非常感谢大家!

第一,选择学校要综合学校水平和自身实力,这是考上的前提,还要结合自身发展规划和考研学校提供的隐形福利,这是考研的目的。楼主西安人,本科西北大学英语专业。北大是指挥,南大就是第一小提琴手,难度可想而知。印象比较深的是北大汉译英真题是出师表全文,南大英美文学看文章选段来写作家作品,令人望而却步。综合各学校学科设置和试题难度及地理位置,最终选择北外。

第二,在决定学校及方向之后要开始大规模搜集资料,包括历年真题,初复试经验帖,前人总结的资料等等。不要觉得为时过早,搜集真题不是让你做的,是用来分析的,这就跟工匠拿到大理石先分析材质观看纹路,脑海中构思雕刻出的形象以后再逐渐剥离废料而不是直接下锤子凿子一个道理。而且搜集过程不是一蹴而就的,而是与不断学习巩固新旧知识同时进行的,楼主就是看书看累了玩会儿手机搜搜资料开开眼界放松放松。考研帮及论坛是个很好的平台,几乎有关信息都可以在上搜集到,提供了极大便利,在此顺便向提供经验资料的前辈们以及这个平台说声谢谢。另外,搜集真题很重要的一点就是可以了解各科目考试题型题量及历年真题题型变化情况。

第三,对于真题有了大概印象以后,就要结合自身情况,针对不同科目制定复习计划,切忌急躁,欲速则不达。在这说说本人的复习进度表。

先是外国语言学。本人大三选翻译方向,文学复习是按部就班,逐层递进的。虽然考研前看过很多中文英文的文学名著,阅读和理解能力都有一定基础,但缺乏一个完整的知识系统来统领,因此首先要构建起自己的知识系统。大三寒假结束第二学期伊始三月初左右就开始不分好坏对介绍英美文学史一类的书一顿乱啃。英国文学历史悠久,名家众多,流派异彩纷呈,从古到今著名作家作品数不胜数;美国文学历史不长却发展飞快,近现代更是异军突起,重点多如牛毛。想要对文学发展脉络达到整体把握,对于不同时期的作家作品,写作风格特点等举

一反三,印象深刻,阅读记忆这类书籍是不二选择。我看的次数最多、印象最深的是南开大学出版社常耀信主编的《英国文学通史》三册(强烈推荐)和《美国文学史》。第一遍看完有了大概印象,第二遍看完印象更深,心中有底,第三遍能边看边回忆内容就可以了。此后陆陆续续的我看了同类型的复旦大学出版社杨仁敬《简明美国文学史》,上海外语教育出版社张冲《新编美国文学史》,浙江大学出版社毛信德《美国小说发展史》,湖北教育出版社王逢振《美国文学大花园》,译林出版社王佐良《英国诗史》,何其莘《英国戏剧史》等等。这类书籍皆为中文,便于理解记忆打基础;各有侧重点,优劣互补;读熟以后阅读英文版文学史会猛然发现这个名人轶事名言名句在以前某本里面见过,这首诗歌的汉语翻译可以在某本找到,专业名词术语也有印象。当然,英文文学史是必不可少的,是最终反应到考卷上的专业素养体现,与成绩高低有直接关系,因此要更加重视。这类教材我主攻刘炳善《英国文学简史》和常耀信《美国文学简史》第三版,常耀信的《英国文学简史》也时常翻阅,与刘老的书互证互补。不得不说,英文版比起中文版难度更大,更加枯燥,尤其常老的美国文学,下午看自带催眠效果,加上本人对美国文学印象不佳,直接导致这本书略略过了一遍就再没翻过。与此同时我入手了两本辅导书西南交通大学出版社赵红英主编《美国文学简史学习指南》和武汉大学出版社赵红英主编《英国文学简史学习指南》,这对于理解教材和之后总结都大有裨益。总之,这是个互相印证,互相补充,加深理解记忆的过程,持续复习前期好几个月,要不厌其烦,贪得无厌,看烦了这本看那本,这几个礼拜不看下几个礼拜看,直到看了就烦就想吐才罢休。

另外,有了文学史的骨架支撑,就需要补足血肉,名著选读就成了很关键的一环,两者相辅相成,缺一不可。需要注意的是,骨架的构建和血肉的填充是同时进行的,没有先后之分。比如今天看了弥尔顿和班扬,相应就需要阅读他们的作品,这样可以更加深刻理解行文风格和语言特点,持久不忘。这一类的书籍我主攻常耀信李宜夑主编的《美国文学选读》上下册,复旦大学出版社孙建等主编《英国文学选读》和张冲主编《美国文学选读》,中国社会科学出版社孙华祥主编《英国文学选读》《美国文学选读》,这些书几乎囊括了所有文学史上优秀重要作品,不同的书可能选段一致,其重要性可见一斑。在此需要尤其注意的是,

吃人家的饭得研究人家的锅灶,外文学院老教授的书含金量极高,有时直接跟考试内容挂钩,要多多留心。此为后话,下文中会提到。

接着是基础英语。翻译能力不是一朝一夕神功大成,专业素质的积累是高分的基础,容不得半点取巧。在准备初期,我并没有立即着手翻译练习,而是安心扎马步,打好基本功。第一是词汇,重中之重。看汉语文章词儿不认识都难以理解,英文更是一样,两眼一抹黑,只得半猜半编。这不是长久之计。我在前期把专四专八词汇又复习了一遍,至于雅思GRE我看了看,大同小异,便决心另寻它途。这个时候我来回翻论坛,发现了一本秘笈,上海世界图书出版公司吴玉东,宫玉波主编《英语专业考研核心词汇》。此书全篇典型文学词汇,例句实用丰富,一些词的古今用法、文学中经典表达包括个别德法词应有尽有,简直令人喜极而泣。以本人不太扎实的单词功底初阅此书,直接被泼了一盆凉水,因此发奋一定要从前到后从后到前从内到外啃个透。每天早起一小时翻阅一个list,睡前半小时复习早上的list,再花半小时预习翌日list,如此反复,大约50天过了一遍,接着又如此从后到前再来一遍,形成一个总循环,按这样的流程走了两轮总循环后,对本书的大体架构有了初步了解。至于后期要到滚瓜烂熟进行四个总循环差不多。背单词这件事历来让人闻风丧胆,无数英雄好汉竞折腰,非有志者不能得之。在此说说我的单词记忆方法。本书从Z到A列了50个list,按照上述流程循环反复,先分析单词结构,比如前缀后缀词性等,接着将单词置于例句之中理解记忆直到不看单词直接看句子就可以理解本单词和本句中其他生单词,必要时可以背例句而不要单纯背单词。我还用了联想记忆,看了这个单词会发现词义、结构等与之前某个单词相同,列在一起。积少成多,每个单词跟前都有相似的好几个单词,以两个单词为例,在vitriolic前我标注了本书中其后出现的同义词,有acerbic,acrid, acrimonious, caustic, mordant,mordacious,scathing, snide, pungent; 此过程要不厌其烦的前后来回翻阅查询做笔记,心很累,效果很好。第二是阅读。阅读英汉对照作品,看看名家的翻译,收获很大。考研前大二大三我在图书馆看了许多自己感兴趣的书籍,有博雅双语名家名作系列,包括梁漱溟《这个世界会好吗》,季羡林《牛棚杂忆》,温源宁《不够知己》,费孝通《乡土中国》,《江村经济》,蒋梦麟《西潮》等等,还有机械工业出版社的包括《教长的黑面纱》,《夜莺与玫瑰》等系列,还有一些杂

七杂八的比如《西行漫记》,胡适英文文集等,记不全了。说实话,初读时阅读能力不是很强,而且以趣味性为指导,都是觉得有意思值得一读的好书才会下功夫,没有为单纯提高英语阅读能力而阅读,有时候对照着看会直接被中文内容吸引或理解英文费时费力而跳过英文,所以对于英文表达不是很在意或是毫无印象,这种情况在我准大三暑假把星火英语专八阅读理解过了两边以后才有所改观,阅读能力得到进一步加强。我就是这样反复记忆单词和阅读书籍一直到暑假前,自认为基础英语底子打的不错才开始进一步巩固翻译技巧。

再说德语。本科课本是《德语速成》,跟大部分高校二外课本《新编大学德语》没比较过。感觉课本内容够广够深,难度也挺大,加上敬爱的德语老师指出学好课本内容足以应付各大高校二外考试,我就心无旁骛钻研课本。大二第二学期二外开始,共上三学期,大三结束课程完毕,时间很紧。个人觉得二外是个拉分好手,因此竭尽全力。之前没有接触过德语,底子为零,想要跟别人拉开差距难度很大。我给自己定的目标是比上课进度要提前两个 Lektion.初期就是上课认真听讲,下课及时复习,听录音,读课文,不懂的上网查,问老师,总之想尽一切办法把不懂的搞懂。从词性变位语法一窍不通到最后课本一点就透,尽入我手大概花了德语学习总过程三个学期,每天保证多少要浏览着预习复习一遍,语言这种东西今天不看明天就看不懂不是危言耸听,坚持就是胜利。在这里推荐我用的网页版德语助手词典和北京大学出版社姚保琮,佟秀英编著《德语应用语法》,加上德语老师耐心细致的讲解和个人的刻苦,我的德语水平有了比较坚实的基础。

最后政治。初期不看政治,没有时间而且看了不反复也记不住。正式开始复习政治要到九月份开学。至于政治的复习有很多师哥师姐都写过了,这里我就不多说了。

此外,我手中还有相当数量的考研资料,其中有买的,有自己整理的,还有当初准备考研时候各种渠道搜集的,有需要的学弟学妹可以去high研APP找我,所有的问题,只要在我的能力范围内,我一定会给大家详细解答,关于资料的话,深知考研不易,凡是我手里的电子版资料,以及我个人整理的资料我都会免费送给大家,大家不用花钱再买。

考研是很难,但是我想说的是与其战胜敌人一万次,不如战胜自己一次。大家加油吧,祝顺利。

英语语言学试题(1)及答案

英语语言学试题(1) I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

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从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得,经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历,也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助,在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早,元旦左右就开始了,因为大三课比较多,所以前期复习时间较短,速度有点慢,因此,如果大家已经有目标,建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治: 暑假开始复习政治,一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走,1000题很重要,可以抓很多细节性的知识,建议不要在书上直接写,方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲,大概有个印象,最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背,今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间,这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系,有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架,通过一个框架把整门课连接起来,背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例,以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分,即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分,即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线:列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分,即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试,分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段,即第一次国内革命战争时期,国共十年对峙时期,抗日战争时期,解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史,可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段,即1949~1956年的过渡时期,1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期,1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期,1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语: 本科学校教材是新大学法语,我复习用过的资料有:考研必备,二外法语考研综合(肖红),和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题,不过这些书提供的答案有些

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