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中考英语复习专题1：名词

中考四轮复习第一轮专题一：名词

一、名词

1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；

2．名词所有格的构成及用法；

3．近义名词的辨析。

【考点讲解】

一、名词的数

1．单数和复数

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：

（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors。

以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，

box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。

（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。

（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,

factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元

音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，

radio→radios，还有某些词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。

（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。

【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers，women teachers。

有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。

（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。

（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。

（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：

科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths

专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls

其他名词：news, falls

2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法

在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：

（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money．

There is some milk in the bottle．

Is there any water in the glass

I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．

（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：

a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread

a bottle of orange, a glass of water（milk）, a cup of tea

a cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags of rice

如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：

two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water

可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。

二、名词的所有格

1. 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。

表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。

2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：Children's Day。

3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。

4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this

term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。

5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。

【注意】

如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。

两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】

1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）

These _________ have saved many children’s lives.

A. woman doctors

B. women doctor

C. women doctors

D. woman doctor

2. (2004年河北省中考试题)

This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Anne and Jane

B. Anne’s and Jane’s

C. Anne’s and Jane

D. Anne and Jane’s

3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)

---Are there any ________ on the farm

---Yes, there are some.

A. horse

B. duck

C. chicken

D. sheep

4. (2004年佛山市中考试题)

---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange

---Orange, please.

A. hamburger

B. chip

C. tea

【中考演练1】

一. 单项填空

went to Dr. Brown’s yesterday. He gave us _____.

A. some advice

B. advices

C. an advice

D. some advices

2. What _____ they’ve got! No wonder they are very happy.

A. a good news

B. quite a good news

C. good news

D. little news

3. Much ______ to fight against pollution.

A. have been done

B. has been done

C. had been done

D. has done 4. What ______ ! Let’s go swimming.

A. a fine weather

B. fine day

C. a fine day

D. bad weather

5. You have made _______. You should be more careful.

A. a lot of mistake

B. a great deal of mistakes

C. a large number of mistakes

D. few mistakes

6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many________.

A. furnitures

B. future

C. pieces of future

D. pieces of furnitures

7. The bookshelf over there is __________.

A. Mary’s and Jane’s

B. Mary’s and Jane

C. Mary and Jane’s

D. Mary ‘s furnitures

saw the guest off at _______ yesterday.

A. the Shanghai’s Railway Station

B. the Shanghai Railway Station

C. Shanghai Railway Station

D. The railway Station of Shanghai

9. They had a good time at the ______ Palace.

A. children

B. Children’s

C. Children

D. Childrens’

10. Xiao Li was _____ in my boyhood.

A. my close friend

B. mine a close friend

C. a close friend of mine

D. a close friend of me

11. These are ______ famous other presses They are having a meeting in one of the _____office.

A. editor-in-chiefs; editor’s- in chief

B. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chief’s

C. editor-in-chief’s; editor’s-in-chief

D. editor-in-chief’s; editors-in-chief’s

12. There are five _______ in our class.

A. Zhang’s

B. Zhangs’

C. Zhangs

D. The Zhangs

13. How far is your school

A. Twenty-five minutes walk.

B. The walk of twenty-five minutes

C. Twenty-five minutes walks

D. Twenty-five minutes’ walk.

do you like better, _______ or _______

A. sheep; cows

B. sheep; cow

C. sheeps; cow

D. sheeps; cows

15. We’re going to have a ______ next month.

A. two day’ holiday

B. two day holiday

C. two days holiday

D. two days’ holiday

16. Who’s a cousin

A. Uncle or aunt’s son.

B. Uncle or aunt’s daughter

C. Uncle’s or aunt’s child.

D. Uncle or aunt’s brother or sister.

17. She always wears beautiful _______.

A. clothes

B. cloth

C. dress

D. clothings

18. Will you have a little ______

A. more fishes

B. more fish

C. much fishes

D. fishes

19. There _____ in my class. Which of them do you want to see

A. is John

B. are three Johns

C. are the John’s

D. is the John

20. Twenty dollars _____ what he needs.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. has been

21. The United Nations ______ a resolution.

A. has past

B. has passed

C. have passed

D. has through

22. The Arabian Nights ______ a very interesting storybook.

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. had been

23. The New York Times ______ a wide circulation(发行额).

A. is

B. has

C. are

D. have

24. Mathematics(数学) _____ a very important subject.

A. are

B. is

C. were

D. was

25. His physics ______ weak. A. is B. seem C. was D. are

26. An iron works ______ now.

A. is being built

B. are being built

C. has built

D. has been built

27. Every means ______ tried to improve teaching and learning.

A. has

B. has been

C. have

D. were

28. The police _____ searching for a tall dark man with long hair.

A. is

B. has been

C. are

D. had been

29. I was very excited when I saw so many ____ on the farm.(2006长沙中考题)

A. chicken

B. sheep

C. duck

30. –- I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ______.

--- A map is helpful, I think.(2006江西中考题)

A. price

B. way

C. time

D. ticket

31. —Can I help you

-- I’d like ______ for my twin daughters.(2005黄冈市中考题)

A. two pair of shoes

B. two pair of shoe

C. two pairs of shoe

D. two pairs of shoes

32. I’ve read _____ sports news about the F1 race today.

A. two

B. pieces

C. two pieces

D. two pieces of

二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。

1. We’ve got a lot of new ________(杂志) in our school library.

2. Please turn to another _______（频道）, I don’t like this show.

3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.

4. Autumn is my favourite____________ (季节).

5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have ---Three.

6. __________ are widely used in the modern world.(计算机)

7. June 1st is __________(儿童) Day.

8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.

9. ---Does this piece of ______(音乐) sound nice

---Yes. It’s wonderful!

10. May 12th is the International _______(护士) Day. Let’s say “ Thanks” to them for their work.

三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。

1. “What’s your n_______”

“Li Lei.”

2. How many d_______ does your uncle have

3. Please close the w______. It’s cold outside.

4. If you want to study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.

5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.

6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.

7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.

8. It’s only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.

9. Health is more important to me than m_______.

10. Be careful! It’s d__________ to run across the street now

【中考演练2】

1. Sandy didn’t tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a __________.

A. gift

B. call

C. surprise

D. note

2.—What’s your job, Henry

--I’m a ________. I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.

A. waiter

B. reporter

C. teacher

D. nurse

3. ---Forests are very important to us, aren’t they

----Yes, if we have more forests, they will help to keep _____ from running

away.

A. trees

B. leaves

C. water

D. grass

4. ----Michael likes flying around the world.

----I think being a ________is just right for him.

A. pilot

B. policeman

C. cook

D. doctor

5. It was very hard for me to make a _____, but I decided to leave my job.

A. suggestion

B. decision

C. plan

D. speech

6. Something is wrong with my ________. I can’t see anything around me.

A. nose

B. ears

C. eyes

D. mouth

7. ----Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tarcy

----I generally make it a _____ to be up by 7 to read English.

A. plan

B. wish

C. secret

D. rule

8. ________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _______teachers.

number of ; women B. A number of ;woman

C. A number of ; women

D. The number of ;women

9. A school in Anshun held an activity called”Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _______ of 1,000 books!

A. note

B. line

C. menu

D. list

10. ----I want to buy the book “Cold Moutain”. Do you know its ______

----Not really. Maybe three dollars.

A. cover

B. size

C. color

D. price

11．--- Where have you been, Tim

--- I’ve been to ______.

A. the Henry house

B. the Henry family

C. The Henry’s home

D. Henry’s

12．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.

A. food

B. lunch

C. breakfast

D. dinner

13．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .

A. three times

B. a third time

C. the third time

D. once

14．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______

--- Certainly.

A. some bottles of waters

B. some bottles of water

C. some bottle of water

D. some bottle of waters

15．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.

A. tooth

B. feet

C. hand

D. ear 16．There is some _______ on the plate.

A. cakes

B. meat

C. potato

D. pears

17．In England, the last name is the _______ .

A. family name

B. middle

C. given name

D. full name

18．The _______ are going to fly to Beijing.

A. Germen

B. Germany

C. Germanys

D. Germans

19．The______ has two _______ .

A. boys; watches

B. boy; watch

C. boy; watches

D. boys; watch

20．The little baby has two _______ already.

A. tooth

B. tooths

C. teeth

D. teeths

21．What’s your _______ for being late again

A. idea

B. key

C. excuse

D. news

22．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.

--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.

A. woman and children

B. women and child

C. woman and child

D. women and children

23．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of h is shop.

--- Thanks.

HOURS

SIDE UP SMOKING

24．Are they going to have a picnic on _______

A. Children’s Day

B. Childrens’s Day

C. Childrens Day

D. Children Day

25．Where are the students Are they in _______

A. the Room 406

B. Room 406

C. the 406 Room

D. 406 Room

（2011西城二模）完形填空（共12分，每小题1分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Six months ago my father lost his job. My parents discussed what would be best for my family and agreed that he would be more likely to find work in his field in another city.

I was very 36 that they hadn’t asked my opinion. “What about my friends” I shouted. “And baseball I’m 37 playing center field. I don’t want to move.”“Jesse!” my mother cried out.

But Dad seemed to 38 . “It’s all right,” he told my mother. “His whole life is about to change. We’re all upset (难受) by this 39 .”

“I know you don’t believe me now,” my father said quietly, “but something good will come out of all this. I don’t know 40 . Just keep an open mind.”

The next few weeks were a blur (模糊的记忆). Dad was in a city 300 miles away, looking for work. Mom and I stayed in our house, knowing that our days there were 41 . When my father called with the news that he had a job, I felt numb（麻木）. As we 42 away from the house, my mother must have seen the sadness on my face. “Jesse, life goes on,”she said. “A wonderful new life awaits us, but only

43 we work at it.”

I thought about those words. I tried to look on the 44 side. “I’ll try, Mom,” I promised in a small voice. However, I was disappointed as we drove into the city. Everything seemed so unfamiliar.

Seeing our new neighborhood helped—tall trees and quiet sidewalks welcomed us. Then I noticed our house, and it just kind of looked right to me. Dad 45 out of the front door.

“This is it,” he said. “It’s not home yet, but I think that you and your mother might make some decorations to make it look good.”

My father was trying to be lighthearted, but I could see that he was a little 46 .

I said, “Actually, Dad, I think it looks kind of cool.”

Dad went on with 47 . “Believe it or not, the Little League coach lives right across the street! He told me he could use a strong arm in the outfield. I’ll take you to meet him tomorrow.”

“I’m ready, Dad,” I said. And I was.

36. A. angry B. worried C. doubtful D. surprised

37. A. mainly B. fortunately C. probably D. finally

38. A. know B. mind C. understand D. agree

39. A. disability B. possibility C. difficulty D. uncertainty

40. A. what B. which C. how D. why

41. A. lost B. numbered C. spent D. gone

42. A. ran B. broke C. pulled D. kept

43. A. if B. since C. for D. because

44. A. wrong B. funny C. bright D. far

45. A. jumped B. rushed C. looked D. moved

46. A. proud B. sad C. excited D. nervous

47. A. discoveries B. details C. instructions D. descriptions

中考英语专题分类卷专题一名词

( )1. (2018 .安徽) -What is the _________ of your excellent spoken English? -Practice makes perfect ! A.result B. influence C. duty D. secret ( )2. (2018 .河北) Did you hear the ________? A scientist will visit our school. A.advice B. news C. praise D. choice ( )3. (2018 .江西)I live near a big ________. It gets very noisy on match days. A.hospital B. store C. bank D. playground ( )4. (2018 .山西) Reading the first _____ of each paragraph before you read the whole text helps you get the main idea quickly. A.letter

B. word C. sentence ( )5. (2018 .河南)-It's useless to regret what has been done. Don't make those mistakes again. -I won't. That's a( n)_______ . A.order B. decision C. promise D. agreement ( ) 6. (2018 .海南) David likes taking photos,so his father bought him a_______last week. A.camera B. dictionary C. bicycle ( )7. (2018 .福建)-I don't know how to use the App Fun Dubbin. -Ask Jimmy for help. He has lots of _______ in doing it. A.experience B. trouble C. courage ( )8. (2018 .天津)Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden______. A. Competition B. interview

【英语】中考英语名词专项训练及答案含解析

【英语】中考英语名词专项训练及答案含解析一、初中英语名词 1．（?重庆） It's cold today. Take your with you when you go out. A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天天气冷，当你出去的时候，请带上你的外衣。A. knife 小刀； B. coat外衣； C. brush 刷子； D. key钥匙。根据It’s cold today.可知，这里指的是出去带着外衣，故选B。 2．—Mom, I will eat less fast food this year, believe me. —If you make a , you must keep it. A. joke B. noise C. mistake D. promise 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。句意：-妈妈，我今年将会少吃快餐，相信我。-如果你许下诺言，你就必须坚持它。Joke笑话；noise吵闹；mistake错误；promise诺言。结合语境，所以选D。 3．—The last bus has left. What should we do? —Let's take a taxi. We have no other ______ now. A. choice B. reason C. habit 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：－末班车离开了。我们应该怎么办呢？－我们坐出租车吧。我们现在没有其他的选择了。A. choice选择；B. reason理由；C. habit习惯。没公交了，只有坐出租车这条选择，没有别的选择了。故选A。【点评】此题考查名词的辨析。 4．Upstairs are bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But are in a mess. A. Lily's and Lucy's; our B. Lily's and Lucy's; ours C. Lily's and Lucy; ours D. Lily and Lucy's; our 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：楼上是利莉莉的和露西的卧室，他们整洁又好看，但是我们的一团糟。根据they，可知莉莉和露西每人有一个卧室，因此两个词都应使用所有格，故排除CD；第二空后面没有名词出现，应使用名词性物主代词，ours，我们的，故答案是B。【点评】考查名词所有格和名词性物主代词，注意当两个人分别拥有某个东西时，两个词都应使用所有格形式，如果物主代词后没有名词出现，应使用名词性物主代词。

2018高考英语语法专题名词

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【词汇串烧】 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English. 爱上英语有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。【词汇点拨】 survey n.调查；测验

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第二部分语法专题突破专题一名词 Ⅰ.词形转换 1.（2017兰州）Many _____ have set good examples for us to follow.( hero) 2.（2017扬州）The _____ faces were a sight, covered with dust . ( boy) 3.（2017白银）We all need a _____ environment. ( health) 4. Don?t move these two _____ . They are dangerous. (box) 5. There are many _____differences between the East and the West. （culture） 6. Jill took a lot of _____ in the beautiful West Lake last weekend. She has sent some of them to me.（photo） 7. My grandpa gave me a beautiful _____box as my birthday gift.(wood) 8. When I was a kid, my father often told me some _____ at night.(story) 9. Thank you for providing us with the _____ information.（value） 10. I can play some _____instruments such as the piano and the violin.（music） Ⅱ.短语翻译 1. Tom spent the whole summer in making the _____ .(飞机模型) 2. Jack lives in a ______ near the sea, and he works as a fisherman.（小村庄） 3. It is very important for a television drama to tell a _____. (精彩的故事) 4. Talk quietly in the _____ in order not to disturb others. (阅览室） 5. Every morning I open the window widely and breathe in deeply. The _____makes me feel awake.（新鲜的空气）

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