中国石油大学石油英语初级教程课后答案Unit 3 Key to Exercises

Unit 3 Regional Development of Petroleum Industry

Engineering Communicative Focuses

I Language

Task 1 Glossary Match

Match the expressions on the left with its corresponding definitions on the right.

1 f

2 a

3 b

4 d

5 g

6 c

7 h

8 e

Task 2 Words or Expressions Check

Select one word or expression for the ten blanks from the twelve choices given in the table, and get it derived if necessary.

1 profile

2 volatility

3 extricate

4 vexing

5 artificial

6 surged

7 perpetual

8 acquisition

9 contriving 10 consolidation II Oral Presentation

Task 1 Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions according to the information from Text A, B or

C.

1 In order to satisfy its growing consumption and higher oil imports, China is diversifying its suppliers and encouraging its national oil companies to invest in Africa, the Middle East, and elsewhere. China is pursuing a long-term policy of energy security rather than following the approach of Western companies that tends to emphasize short-term profits. (Text A, para16)

2 It is true that African oil, minerals, and timber are important to maintaining China’s economy and they constitute nearly all of Africa’s expor ts to China. But the argument is disingenuous. The same argument could be made for the United States, Europe, and Japan. China purchased only 9 percent of Africa’s petroleum exports in 2006 while the United States took 3

3 percent and Europe 36 percent. The four major African suppliers to China in 2006 in order of importance were Angola, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, and Sudan. The four largest African exporters of oil to the United

States were Nigeria, Angola, Algeria, and Gabon. ( Text A, para19)

3 After World War II, there were two price levels that were maintained by the major oil companies. One was a domestic price in the United States and the other was an international price. (Text B, para4)

4 Since the oil crisis had not been the result of a real shortage of oil, but an artificially-contrived shortage for political reasons, when the above-described measures of conservation and increased reserves began to take effect, there would be a large surplus of oil. The increase in supply, and the increased variety of sources of oil made it impossible for OPEC to sustain the high prices that had been achieved. (Text B, para14)

5 CNOOC’s acquisition of the stake in Bridas earlier marked the company’s entry in Latin America and topped the $2.7 billion it paid in 200

6 for a share in a Nigerian oilfield. The latest acquisition takes total Chinese investments in the South American oil industry to more than $13 billion this year after China Petroleum & Chemical Corp., or Sinopec, in October agreed to pay $7.1 billion for a 40 percent stake of Repsol YPF SA’s Brazilian unit. In March, Ecuador announced a $500 million deal with Sinopec to develop an oil bloc. (Text C, para11-12)

Task 2 Discussion and Debate

Discuss or debate the following questions about the texts in pairs or groups.

The following three questions come from some related hot issues. In this section students are expected to express their opinions freely based on their understandings of the three passages in this unit, and to appreciate multiple perspectives during the discussion.

Task 3 Critical Thinking Enhancement

Present your idea about the following topic.

This task is designed to discuss what strategies should be taken to defend the territorial integrity and show our stance in the world?

The core of the South China Sea issue rests with the territorial disputes on islands and reefs, and overlapping claims on maritime rights and interests in waters of the South China Sea, which are caused by the illegal occupation of some islands and

reefs of China’s Nansha Islands by some coastal countries. Formed in the long historic course, China’s sovereignty and relevant rights in the South China Sea have solid historic and legal basis, and have been upheld by successive Chinese governments.

The basic gui delines for China’s neighboring diplomacy is to build good-neighborly relations with and bringing harmony, security and prosperity to neighboring countries, and concentrate on the concept of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness. This conforms to the traditional Chinese culture, and is the strategic option of China. As a coastal country of the South China Sea, China has always been a staunch force for maintaining peace, stability and promoting cooperation and development. China is the last country that hopes to see any turbulence in its neighborhood, including in the South China Sea, which does not meet the common aspiration and interests of all parties including ASEAN countries. ……

(Directions: This section is intended to help students to associate the current occurring with their understanding of the topic in discussion. Their ability of presenting clear and logical arguments is expected to be developed.)

III Translation

Task 1 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1 全球石油产量的增长一直伴随着石油市场的整合。石油合同在液体商品市场进行交易，而正是这里，创造了世界的统一油价。由于这些变化，石油价格的差异只体现在质量或运输成本的实质性差别上。

2 许多因素都在发挥作用。对于石油资源丰富的国家，只需国家领导人大把花钱，应付一段时期的政治动荡不在话下；但他们现在不得不面对包含大量补贴和工资支出的预算。并且前所未有的，他们受制于国际油价—他们需要原油售价创历史新高，只为收支平衡不盈不亏。

3 汽油成为发动汽车和飞机的燃料。进入20世纪以来，随着新的石油储量的不断探明和燃料的日益充足及价格低廉，在其他用途方面，它成为替代煤的更优选择，因为它污染较少，而且随着管道的建设，更容易输送至最终用户。

4 石油是化石燃料中储量最少的，因此为了尽可能充分的利用资源，可以转为使用天然气。从长远来看，发展可再生能源，如太阳能，风能，地热，潮汐，水，将会推迟化石燃料的真正短缺那一天的到来。

5 中海油在10月份称，第三季度营收同比增长64%，因为公司加大了收购和产量，以满足世界上增长最快的主要经济体的燃料需求。产量今年可能达到 3.29亿桶油当量，超过中海油高达2.9亿的目标。

Task 2 Translate the following paragraph into English.

Most scientists believe that crude oil is formed by the decomposed remains of billions of tiny plants and animals which lived in the sea hundreds of millions of years ago. When these organisms died, they decayed and over millions of years, layers of slime were formed on the ocean bed; with the pressure of movements in the earth’s crust and the heat this pressure caused, these layers were converted into petroleum. The list of crude oil fractions (things which make up the mixture called crude oil) and by-products is nearly endless: petrol for cars, diesel oil for trains, buses and lorries, aviation fuels, lubricating oils for all engines, heavy oil for power stations and ships, asphalt for roads, petrochemicals for plastics, synthetic fibers and even for synthetic food products, etc. The first oil from the sea was produced some decades ago by the off-shore drilling rigs. But men are now also drilling the cold, deep North Sea. (deep-sea drilling).

IV Essay Writing

Please write an invitation letter of 400-800 words about the following topic. Argumentation is analyzed, review of a problem or something, that a style of the writer’s own point of view, position, attitude, views and propositions.

●It is a reasoned, logical way of asserting the soundness of a position, belief, or

conclusion.

●It takes a stand—supported by evidence—and urges people to share the writer’s

perspective and insights.

1.Purpose of argumentation

1)To convince other people to accept—or at least accept the validity of—your

position

2)To defend your position, even if others cannot be convinced to agree

3)To question or refute a position you believe to be misguided, untrue, or dangerous

without necessarily offering an alternative

2. Elements of an argumentative essay

1) Ev idence: evidence should support the essay’s thesis or claim and be pertinent to

the argument being made.

2) Three levels of Appeals:

Logical: an appeal to the reader’s mind and sense of reason. This is the most heavily used appeal in argumentative essays. We want our readers to trust our opinions because they trust not only our evidence but our interpretations of it.

Emotional:an appeal to the reader’s emotions. Use this type of appeal most sparingly and be especially careful to avoid using an unfair appeal. When writers employ inappropriate emotional appeals—to prejudice or fear for example—to influence readers, they destroy their own credibility and authority.

Social/Ethical: an appeal to the reader’s sense of right and wrong. We want our readers to view us as good, trustworthy people; therefore it is important that we establish a shared sense of ethics and we establish our credibility.

3)Nods to and refutation of the opposition: A rhetorical strategy whereby a writer

acknowledges the points of view of those that do not agree with him or her in order to refute (disprove) that position.

4) A clear sense of purpose: this boils down to two all important questions: What do

you want to accomplish in your essay? Do you want to correct a misconception or straighten a record? Do you want to prove or disprove a particular point of view?

What do you want readers to do when they’ve finished reading your piece?

5) A clear thesis or claim: argumentative writing takes a stand; it requires that the

writer stick his/her neck out and make a claim. This claim comes in the essay as

a strong thesis

6) A clear sense of audience: In argumentative writing, it is best to assume that you

are writing for an educated, skeptically neutral audience. They may not be hostile

to your claim(s), but they need to be convinced. Effective argumentation depends upon having a clear sense of audience. Who a writer is attempting to convince controls the types of evidence selected and the form of argument.

中国石油大学(北京)英语1-3次在线作业答案

第一次作业 第1题 – hello. may i speak to mary? －－ _________ 您的答案：B 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：电话用语，常直接说，speaking,意思是我就是，您请讲。 第2题 – Can I talk with Mr. Wang? --___________ 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：打电话常用语。 第3题 –I’d like to speak to Jessie, please. --___________ 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：打电话常用语。hold on 意思是请别挂断，稍等。 第4题 She wanted to go boating with Jack, but her father warned her ________. 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：warn一词要求后用不定式，warn sb. to do sth.劝某人做某事，否定形 式为warn sb. not to do sth. 劝某人不要做某事 第5题 Her English is very good. She can speak English better than _________ in her grade. 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5

批注：anyone else 其他任何人 第6题 They usually have less money at the end of the month than _______ at the beginning. 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：注意比较的对象，是他们有钱的情况 第7题 Iron expands when____ . 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：当when 引导的时间状语中的主语与句子的主语一致时，主语和be动词都 可以省略。Iron expands when it is heated. 第8题 All the people here, whether ______, will get a present. 您的答案：B 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：wheather...or... 的用法 第9题 If you_________, I’ll buy the tickets. 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：从句意来判断 第10题 This is one of the oldest buildings in town, ___________. 您的答案：A

石油大学大学英语在线作业一、二、三

第一次在线作业 单选题(共40道题) 收起 1.（ 2.5分）-- How do you do, Mr. Wang? --_________________. A、How do you do? B、I’m doing fine. C、Nice to meet you. D、I’m OK. 我的答案：A 此题得分：2.5分 2.（2.5分）-- What’s up? --______________. A、How do you do? B、Hello. C、Nothing much. D、What’s down? 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 3.（2.5分）-- ______________ -- Quite well.And you? A、Good to see you. B、How are you doing? C、Hi! D、What’s up? 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 4.（2.5分）He responded with great anger ________this unfair treatment of his classmates. A、for B、at C、to D、with 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 5.（2.5分）You should take an umbrella with you when you go to school _______of rain. A、in case B、in the case C、in cases D、in the cases 我的答案：A 此题得分：2.5分 6.（2.5分）He works ______. A、lone B、lonely C、alone D、lonesome 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 7.（2.5分）He got up at 6:00 that day but he ________up at 7:00. A、usually getts

【精品】中国石油大学英语在线作业答案

第一次在线作业 单选题 (共40道题) 1.（ 2.5分）The question is still ______ d iscussion. A、in B、by C、for D、under 我的答案：D 此题得分：2.5分 2.（2.5分）–hello. may i speak to mary? －－_________ A、Sorry. B、Speaking. C、I don’t know you. D、Why? 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 3.（2.5分）–Can I talk with Mr. Wang? --___________ A、He’s not in right now. B、He’ll come back.

C、He likes coffee. D、He has run away. 我的答案：A 此题得分：2.5分 4.（2.5分）–I’d like to speak to Jessie, please. --___________ A、I don’t know. B、Never mind. C、Hold on, please. D、Go on. 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 5.（2.5分）She wanted to go boating with Jack, but her father warned her ________. A、not go B、not C、not to D、don’ｔ 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 6.（2.5分）Her English is very good. She can speak English bette r than _________ in her grade. A、any one B、the one

中国石油大学大学英语(三)在线作业

第1题 —hello. may i SPeak to mary? 您的答案：B 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：电话用语，常直接说，SPeaking, 意思是我就是，您请讲 第2题 -Can I talk With Mr. Wang? -- ___________ 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：打电话常用语第3题 -I ' d like to SPeak to Jessie, please. -- __________ 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：打电话常用语。hold on 意思是请别挂断，稍等。 第4题 She Wanted to go boating With Jack, but her father Warned her ______ 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：Warn 一词要求后用不定式，Warn sb. to do sth. 劝某人做某事，否定形式为Warn sb. not to do sth. 劝某人不要做某事第5题 Her English is very good. She can sPeak English better than _______________ in her grade. 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：anyone else 其他任何人第6题

They usually have less money at the end of the month than beginning. 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：注意比较的对象，是他们有钱的情况第7题 Iron expands when ___ 您的答案：C 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：当when 引导的时间状语中的主语与句子的主语一致时，主语和都可以省略。Iron expands when it is heated. 第8题 All the people here, whether _____ , will get a present. 您的答案：B 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：wheather...or... 的用法第9题 If you _______ , I 'll buy the tickets. 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：从句意来判断第10 题This is one of the oldest buildings in town, __________ 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：这是镇上最老的建筑之一，如果不是最好的话第11 题 —Can I take a message? 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：打电话时的常用语第12 题 - Good evening. This is Kevin Restaurant. 您的答案：D 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：餐馆订餐时的常用语第13 题 All the machines _______ by the end of the following week. 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 批注：一般将来时中被动语态的用法第14 题 What we have done _______ useful to people. 您的答案：A 题目分数：0.5 此题得分：0.5 at the be 动词

中国石油大学(华东)高起专英语答案

一、汉译英 1、虽然我们周围都是空气，但我们看不见它 Although there is air all around us, we can't see it. 2、关键问题是如何把计划付诸实施 The key question is how to put the plan into practice 3、孩子们高兴得跳了起来 The children jumped for joy 4、你听见有人在敲门吗？ Do you hear someone knocking at the door？ 二、完形填空 A It was two o' clock in the morning and it was dark. Mr. Thompson woke up his wife. "Irene," he called softly, "the baby' s crying." Mrs. Thompson sat up in bed and listened. "That' s not the baby, Jim," she said. "It’ s a cat!" "It can' t be a cat," her husband said. "I' II go and look." Mr.Thompson got up and went to the window. "You' re right, Irene," he said. "There is a cat in the garden. Listen to it!" "You must stop it, Jim," Mrs.Thompson said. "That cat will wake up our baby." "What can I do?" Mr.Thompson asked. "Throw a shoe at it,” his wife said. "I can' t do that,” Mr Thompson said. "Why not?" his wife asked. "Can you see it?" "I can see it very well" said Mr.Thompson. "But I can' t throw a shoe at it. It’ s sitting on my green-house." B In Mount Berry, Georgia, people find a group of schools built specially for mountain children. The schools, as well as the mountain itself, are named after Martha Berry herself, a daughter of a Georgian mountaineer. Martha Berry was born in 1866. Luckier than most Georgian mountain children, she received an education. But she never forgot other children of the mountains whose parents couldn't afford to send them to school. In 1902 Martha Berry started a school for these children It was housed in a single small log cabin and was attended by only five pupils. Now, eighty years later, there are a score of Berry schools in the area, with a total of over one thousand students and waiting list of about five thousand.

中国石油大学英语第一次作业

1.（ 2.5分）–It’s our great pleasure to have you visit our company. --_________________ ?A、Thank you. ?B、Nice to meet you. ?C、It’s our pleasure, too. ?D、Wonderful. 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 2.（2.5分）–Would you mind giving me an introduction of your company? --__________ ______ ?A、Of course not. ?B、Thank you. ?C、I’m fine. ?D、You’re welcome. 我的答案：A 此题得分：2.5分 3.（2.5分）–Are there any morning flights to Wuhan? --_______________ ?A、Which one do you like? ?B、Yes, there are two. ?C、Not at all. ?D、Thank you. 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 4.（2.5分）–How much is the air ticket? -- ________________ ?A、It’s 150 dollars. ?B、Which flight do you like? ?C、Nice talking with you. ?D、See you.

5.（2.5分）–Which flight do you want? -- _______________ ?A、I like flying. ?B、May I book a ticket? ?C、I’m sorry. ?D、The morning flight. 我的答案：D 此题得分：2.5分 6.（2.5分）–Excuse me, how long can the taxi get here? -- _____________ ?A、Twenty meter long. ?B、Thank you. ?C、In ten minutes. ?D、It’s all right. 我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分 7.（2.5分）–How much do I owe you? -- _________ ?A、Thirty dollars. ?B、I don’t know. ?C、Excuse me? ?D、Thanks a lot. 我的答案：A 此题得分：2.5分 8.（2.5分）I saw them _________in the river. ?A、swam ?B、to swim ?C、swim ?D、were swimming

中国石油大学(北京)大学英语(三)翻译

五、英汉互译 1. Those who accomplish their tasks carefully are worthy of praising. 那些认真完成自己工作的人都值得表扬 1.Children tend to believe that their fathers are infinitely resourceful and versatile.孩子们通常认为他们的父亲是足智多谋、多才多艺的人 3.He was shivering from fear as if he had seen a ghost.他恐惧的发抖，就好像看见鬼一样 4.His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的讲话不断被掌声打断 5.People have proposed all sorts of hypotheses to explain why dinosaurs have become extinct.人们提出各种各样的假说来解释恐龙为什么已经灭绝

6.He told me that he had lived in America for ten years before he came to China他告诉我他来中国之前他在美国生活了十年 7.John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.约翰和他的兄弟尽管年龄上有显著差别，但性格不同 8.When she got back home, she showed her new beautiful hat to her husband.当她回到家时，她把她新的漂亮的帽子展示给她丈夫看 9.He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name .他总是匆匆忙忙，最后既损失了时间，也损失了好的声誉 10.When he began to work, his money was used up at the end of every month.在每个月末，他的钱用光时，他开始工作

中国石油大学华东《大学英语4》第1阶段在线作业

答题要求: 每题只有一个正确的选项。 1(5.0分) I’d rather you _______ talk about this affair for the time bein g. ?A) don’t ? ?B) didn’t ? ?C) wouldn’t ? ?D) shouldn’t ?

2(5.0分) —______ is your girl friend like? —She is very kind and good-looking. ?A) How ? ?B) What ? ?C) Which ? ?D) Who ? 3(5.0分)

The purpose of the conference is to _________ the friendship among the Asian countries. ?A) heighten ? ?B) promote ? ?C) raise ? ?D) increase ? 4(5.0分) I didn’t know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ____ to me. ?A) appeared ?

happened ? ?C) occurred ? ?D) emerged ? 5(5.0分) She is not only my classmate ____ also my good friend. ?A) or ? ?B) but ? ?C) and ? ?D) too

6(5.0分) If you had taken my advice last week, you _______ in trouble now. ?A) must not be ? ?B) must not have been ? ?C) are not to be ? ?D) would not be ?

中国石油大学(北京)《大学英语(一)》第三阶段在线作业答案

第三次在线作业 单选题(共40道题) 收起 For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use 1.（ 2.5分）--How about taking a break?--______. ?A、Thank you ?B、Good idea ?For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use ? ?C、See you ?D、Good-bye 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 2.（2.5分）Seldom ____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here. ?A、would I make ?B、did I make ?C、I did make ?D、shall I make 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 3.（2.5分）Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was. ?A、did the villagers realize ?B、the villagers realized ?C、the villagers did realize ?D、didn’t the villagers realize 我的答案：A 此题得分：2.5分

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