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2019年北京市中考英语试题及参考答案(word解析版)

2019年北京市中考英语试题及参考答案与解析

（满分60分，考试时间90分钟）

知识运用（共14分）

一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）

从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．1．Mr．Wang is coming to our school．I can't wait to see ．（）A．her B．him C．it D．them

2．We planted some flowers the garden yesterday．（）

A．on B．to C．in D．of

3．- Excuse me，is this T-shirt？

- It's 88 yuan．（）

A．how much B．how many C．how long D．how old

4．- Lily，you finish the letter in ten minutes？

- Yes，I can．（）

A．must B．should C．need D．can

5．This cap is nice，it doesn't look good on me．（）

A．for B．so C．but D．or

6．Julie takes good care of the family dog．She is than her brother．（）A．patient B．more patient C．most patient D．the most patient

7．Sam with his friends every weekend．（）

A．skates B．is skating C．has skated D．was skating

8．- Tom，what's your dad doing？

- He my bike．（）

A．repairs B．will repair C．has repaired D．is repairing

9．Our school life a lot since 2017．We have more activities now．（）A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed

10．If you want to visit the Palace Museum，I tickets for you tomorrow．（）A．will book B．booked C．have booked D．was booking

11．My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday．（）A．accepts B．accepted C．was accepted D．is accepted

12．- Did you notice in her office？

- Yes．She was going over our writing．（）

A．what was Miss Lin doing B．what Miss Lin was doing

C．what does Miss Lin do D．what Miss Lin does

二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项．

Run for Class President

Two months ago，when our class election（选举）started，I decided to run for

class president．I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people，so I

felt it easy to win．But I was 13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost．

I was busy preparing in the following week．My plan wasn't to make promises

to do things I couldn't 14 but to show my class why I wanted to be

president．I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom．I also spent three

hours writing my speech，saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever

they had a problem．Since I was 15 prepared，I felt that my chances of winning were strong．However，when I gave my speech on Election Day，the response （反应）wasn't what I had 16 ．Few people actually listened．When it was my opponent's （对手的）turn，everyone was screaming his name．His speech was short，but all to the point．By then，I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer．

It was obvious who would 17 ．For the rest of the day，I felt like it was over．I wanted to just go home and cry，but I made it through．

My 18 was right：I didn't win．

The next day，people were still talking about the election．I just pretended （假装）not to hear．But later，things got better．People 19 about the election and talked to me just as they did before．

I don't regret putting time and energy into the election because I've learned that things aren't always going the way I expect．And moments of failure like this build 20 -since then I've learned to face disappointment and grown stronger．

13．A．bored B．afraid C．excited D．hopeful

14．A．compare B．remember C．manage D．repeat

15．A．fully B．quickly C．freshly D．physically

16．A．feared B．faced C．mentioned D．pictured

17．A．insist B．return C．wait D．win

18．A．suggestion B．prediction C．direction D．introduction

19．A．forgot B．wrote C．cared D．discussed

20．A．trust B．pride C．character D．support

阅读理解（共36分）

三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分，每小题2分）

Experiencing China

21．Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital？（）

A．Mike．B．Joanna．C．Bill．D．Cindy．

22．How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China？（）

A．Three months．B．Four months．C．Five months．D．Six months．23．Cindy thinks her host sister is ．（）

A．a wonderful cook B．a responsible doctor

C．a warm-hearted teacher D．a hardworking student

Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else．This spring she thought of

building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race．So she asked her dad for

help．

"Well，" he said．"How about this：you do some research first and

then come back to me with a design．"

A week later，Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad．She named her go-kart "Blue Lightning"．Dad looked over her work，thinking．"Well，that's interesting，" he said．"Have a try．Just build Blue Lightning as you've designed．"

Over three weekends of hard work，Sally turned her design into a real，working go-kart and painted it light blue．Dad asked her to take it for a test drive．Sally agreed．After she did that，Sally drove back to Dad．"Well，" she said．"Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive．"

"Oh，do you？" he said．"Please share．"

"When I drove fast，there was a lot of push back，" she said．"I think it's because of the lightning bolt （闪电）shape．"

"Very good!" Dad said．

"So，why didn't you tell me about that problem in the first place？" Sally asked．Dad laughed．"Where's the fun in that？If you give a man a fish，he'll eat for a day．But if you teach a man to fish，he'll eat for a lifetime．"

Sally said，"I see．Anyway，designing is half the fun !"

Dad smiled．"Good．Sometimes，learning happens during the process．We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way．"

That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder．When she showed Dad her new go-kart，he nodded with pride．

Finally came the race．Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win-in her mind，she had already won，by building something better than ever before．

24．Sally thought of building a go-kart to ．（）

A．practice driving B．enter for a race C．play with friends D．do some research 25．What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart？（）

A．To have a test drive．B．To take a good rest．

C．To give it a cool name．D．To paint it light blue．

26．Sally's story mainly tells us that ．（）

A．winning a race is important B．fishing brings us a lot of fun

C．driving experience is necessary D．learning happens during the process

Sometimes it seems that time is flying．Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this way．Our experience of time can be possibly changed．By understanding the psychological （心理学的）processes behind our different experiences of time，we might be able to slow down time a little．

One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we're exposed（接触）to new environments and experiences．The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process．The more information our minds take in，the slower time seems to pass．

It follows，then，that we have different experiences of time in different situations．In some situations，our life is full of new experiences．Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down．In other situations，we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar （熟悉的）．We become insensitive to our experience，which means we process less information，and time seems to speed up．

How can we slow down time？Here are two suggestions．

Firstly，since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster，we can expose ourselves to as many

new experiences as possible．We can give ourselves new challenges，meet new people，and expose our minds to new information，hobbies and skills．This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增加）our experience of time．

Secondly，and perhaps most effectively，we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing，feeling，tasting，smelling or hearing．This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts．For example，on the way home，focus your attention outside of yourself，instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with．Look at the sky，or at the buildings you pass，traveling among them．This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect．

To a certain degree，we can understand and control our experience of time passing．It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time．

27．According to the writer，we can expand our experience of time by ．（）A．going to bed on time B．traveling to new places

C．having dinner as usual D．printing the same materials

28．What can we learn from the passage？（）

A．Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information．

B．Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly．

C．We can take in more information by living through our senses．

D．We should build a stronger relationship between time and us．

29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？（）

A．Slow Down Time B．Only Time Will Tell

C．Race Against Time D．Time Will Not Come Twice

How Much Can We Afford to Forget？

In 2018，Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should

teach students．Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and

have more space for creative activities．As the Internet grows more powerful，

students can access （获得）knowledge easily．Why should they be required to

carry so much of it around in their heads？

Civilizations（文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary．In the Agricultural （农业的）Age，a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills．When societies industrialized，the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget．Nowadays，smart machines give us access to most human knowledge．It seems that we no longer need to remember most things．Does it matter？

Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen．For one，human beings have biases （偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases．Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process，human beings still decide on the correct answers．

Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information．When there were no computers，efforts were required to get knowledge from other people，or go to the library．We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books，and what lies in our heads．But today，the Internet gives us the information we need quickly．This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along．In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence，we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored．But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily．The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（健康）depends upon，such as food and energy，would produce terrible results．Without food we get hungry；without energy we feel cold．And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age．We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills．As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks，and can be found when we need them，perhaps they're not really forgotten．Still，as time goes on，we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people．30．Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases？（）

A．Because they go off course in testing and scoring．

B．Because we control the training process on them，

C．Because we offer them too much information．

D．Because they overuse the provided answers．

31．The ease of accessing information from the Internet ．（）

A．frees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B．prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

C．misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

D．separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

32．The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means “”．（）

A．a sudden failure B．the basic rule C．a disappointing start D．the gradual development 33．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？

A．To question about the standards of information storage．

B．To discuss our problems of communication with machines．

C．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability．

D．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember．

四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected

Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）．Some pieces of ice are huge，like moving islands．As temperatures have increased，however，some of the ice has begun to disappear．Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters．

The waves were discovered by accident in May，2010．Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip．They wanted to study the icy waters．

On May 2，the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large

chunk of ice．around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen．Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice

"We were ready to go but when I went out，I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around，" he remembers．He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．The farther in they went，he thought，the harder the ice would become．As they pushed forward，however，the ship experienced small waves，and then bigger ones．Soon，the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．Within an hour，Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high．The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than 20 feet in height．The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down，breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour．Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast．The waves in these areas used to be small．

The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming．That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them．Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger．

Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters．As waves break up ice，the seas will become more open，and the waves will get even stronger．There are stormy times ahead．34．When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters？

35．Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip？（）

36．What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？（）

37．How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？（）

38．What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？（）

书面表达（共10分）

五、文段表达（10分）

39．从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作．文中已给出内容不计入总词数．所给提示词语仅供选用．请不要写出你的校名和姓名．题目①

假如你是李华，你们学校正在开展"安全月"宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情．请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法．

提示词语：design，safety rule，careful，protect，picture

提示问题：●When should you hand in the poster？

●What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster？

题目②

自律，即自我约束，是自我提升的一种途径，有助于我们成长，促使我们不断前行．

某英文网站正在开展以"自律"为主题的征文活动．假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处．

提示词语：self-disciplined（自律的），plan，goal，habit，improve

提示问题：●What did you do to be self-disciplined？

●What benefits have you got from doing so？

参考答案与解析

知识运用（共14分）

一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）

从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项．1．Mr．Wang is coming to our school．I can't wait to see ．（）

A．her B．him C．it D．them

【知识考点】人称代词．

【思路分析】王先生要来我们学校．我等不及要见他．

【解答过程】根据I can't wait to see 可知用宾格作see的宾语，Mr．Wang 指男性单数，用him代替，句意：王先生要来我们学校．我等不及要见他．

故选：B．

【总结归纳】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答

2．We planted some flowers the garden yesterday．（）

A．on B．to C．in D．of

【知识考点】方位介词．

【思路分析】昨天我们在花园里种了一些花．

【解答过程】on"在…之上、在…时候"；in"在…之内"；of"…的、由…组成的"；to"朝、到、对于"，

四者都是介词．on用于具体的时间．由题干"昨天我们在花园里种了一些花．"可知，空格是"在…之内"，用in，因此答案应是in．

故选：C．

【总结归纳】本题考查时间介词的用法，在熟知所供词的含义基础上，根据句意，从而判断出正确答．

3．- Excuse me，is this T-shirt？

- It's 88 yuan．（）

A．how much B．how many C．how long D．how old

【知识考点】数量（how many/how much）．

【思路分析】打扰一下，这件t恤多少钱？- 88元．

【解答过程】考查数量．A．how much提问不可数名词，价格等；B．how many提问可数名词复数；C．how long多久，提问时间段；D．how old多大，提问年龄．根据It's 88 yuan．可知问的是价格，应说这件t恤多少钱？

故选：A．

【总结归纳】仔细分析句子的结构，根据It's 88 yuan．结合选项作答．

4．- Lily，you finish the letter in ten minutes？

- Yes，I can．（）

A．must B．should C．need D．can

【知识考点】情态动词．

【思路分析】--莉莉，你能在十分钟内写完这封信吗？

--是的，我能．

【解答过程】根据回答Yes，I can可知疑问句以can开头，句意：莉莉，你能在十分钟内写完这封信吗？

故选：D．

【总结归纳】情态动词的考查是初中英语考查的重点，平时学习中一定要熟记这些词的基本词义及用法上的不同，注意其用法及在句子中表达语气的不同．考试中结合语境选择合适答案．

5．This cap is nice，it doesn't look good on me．（）

A．for B．so C．but D．or

【知识考点】连词辨析．

【思路分析】这个帽子很好看，但是我戴上不好看．

【解答过程】A表示为了，B表示所以，C表示但是，D表示或者、否则．根据题干可知这个帽子很好看，但是我戴上不好看，句子前后是转折关系．

故选：C．

【总结归纳】本题考查连词辨析，基础题，熟悉所给连词的含义，再根据题干即可作出选择．6．Julie takes good care of the family dog．She is than her brother．（）A．patient B．more patient C．most patient D．the most patient

【知识考点】形容词的比较级和最高级．

【思路分析】朱莉把家里的狗照顾的很好．她比她的弟弟更有耐心．

【解答过程】根据句意：朱莉把家里的狗照顾的很好．她比她的弟弟更有耐心．than是比较级的标志．选项B符合题意．

故选：B．

【总结归纳】熟悉形容词比较级和最高级的用法，结合题意，给出答案．

7．Sam with his friends every weekend．（）

A．skates B．is skating C．has skated D．was skating

【知识考点】实义动词的单数第三人称形式．

【思路分析】Sam 每个周末都跟他的朋友们滑冰．

【解答过程】根据句意：Sam 每个周末都跟他的朋友们滑冰．可知时态是一般现在时，主语Sam用动词三单式．

故选：A．

【总结归纳】熟悉实义动词三单式用法，结合题意，给出答案

8．- Tom，what's your dad doing？

- He my bike．（）

A．repairs B．will repair C．has repaired D．is repairing

【知识考点】现在进行时．

【思路分析】--汤姆，你爸爸在干什么？

--他在修自行车．

【解答过程】根据问句what's your dad doing？可知答句用现在进行时，be（am，is，are）+现在分词，句意：他在修自行车．

故选：D．

【总结归纳】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答

9．Our school life a lot since 2017．We have more activities now．（）A．changes B．changed C．will change D．has changed

【知识考点】现在完成时．

【思路分析】自2007年以来，我们的学校生活发生了很大变化．我们现在有更多的活动，

【解答过程】根据句意"自2007年以来，我们的学校生活发生了很大变化．我们现在有更多的活动"和since 2017可知，要用现在完成时，其构成为have/ has done．

故选：D．

【总结归纳】考查现在完成时，要牢记现在完成时的构成及用法．

10．If you want to visit the Palace Museum，I tickets for you tomorrow．（）A．will book B．booked C．have booked D．was booking

【知识考点】主从复合句．

【思路分析】如果你想去故宫博物院，我明天就给你订票．

【解答过程】根据句意"如果你想去故宫博物院，我明天就给你订票"和时间状语tomorrow可知，主

句要用一般将来时，条件状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，选项BCD都不符合语法．

故选：A．

【总结归纳】考查主从复合句，要根据句意或提示词，判断时态，选用合适的引导词．

11．My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday．（）A．accepts B．accepted C．was accepted D．is accepted

【知识考点】一般过去时的被动语态．

【思路分析】我关于如何节约纸张的建议上星期一被我的班级接受了．

【解答过程】主语my advice与动词accept是被动关系，根据last Monday用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were +过去分词，句意：我关于如何节约纸张的建议上星期一被我的班级接受了．

故选：C．

【总结归纳】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答

12．- Did you notice in her office？

- Yes．She was going over our writing．（）

A．what was Miss Lin doing B．what Miss Lin was doing

C．what does Miss Lin do D．what Miss Lin does

【知识考点】宾语从句．

【思路分析】--你注意到林小姐在办公室里干什么了吗？

--是的．她正在看我们的作品．

【解答过程】考查宾语从句．宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除AC．从She was going over our writing．判断句子使用过去进行时，构成were/was+Ving．

故选：B．

【总结归纳】此题考查宾语从句，在熟知宾语从句法的基础上，结合具体题目，仔细分析，便可得出正确答案．

二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项．

Run for Class President

Two months ago，when our class election（选举）started，I decided to run for

class president．I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people，so I

felt it easy to win．But I was 13 that people would feel bad for me if I lost．

I was busy preparing in the following week．My plan wasn't to make promises

to do things I couldn't 14 but to show my class why I wanted to be

president．I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom．I also spent three

hours writing my speech，saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever

they had a problem．Since I was 15 prepared，I felt that my chances of winning were strong．However，when I gave my speech on Election Day，the response （反应）wasn't what I had

16 ．Few people actually listened．When it was my opponent's （对手的）turn，everyone was screaming his name．His speech was short，but all to the point．By then，I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer．

It was obvious who would 17 ．For the rest of the day，I felt like it was over．I wanted to just go home and cry，but I made it through．

My 18 was right：I didn't win．

13．A．bored B．afraid C．excited D．hopeful

14．A．compare B．remember C．manage D．repeat

15．A．fully B．quickly C．freshly D．physically

16．A．feared B．faced C．mentioned D．pictured

17．A．insist B．return C．wait D．win

18．A．suggestion B．prediction C．direction D．introduction

19．A．forgot B．wrote C．cared D．discussed

20．A．trust B．pride C．character D．support

【知识考点】记叙文．

【思路分析】我信心满满的参与竞选班长，准备很长时间，准备的很充分．在竞选的那一天，同学们对我不是欢迎．结果我落选了．我从中受益良多．

【解答过程】13．B考查形容词．bored无聊的；afraid害怕的；excited兴奋的；hopeful有希望的．根据下文"that people would feel bad for me if I lost"因此可知这句话的意思是"但是我又害怕如果我落选的话，人们会为我感到难过．"故选B．

14．C考查动词．compare比较；remember记住；manage设法做到；repeat重复．根据"My plan wasn't to make promises to do things I couldn't （14）_____but to show my class why I wanted to be president．" 通过分析句子结构可知这句话的意思是"我的计划不是许诺我设法做到什么事情而只是向同学们表面我想当班长．"故选C．

15．A考查副词．fully满满地；quickly快地；freshly新鲜地；physically身体上地．根据上文"I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom．I also spent three hours writing my speech，saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem．"因此可知这句话的意思是"既然我做了充分地准备，我觉得我获胜的机会更大了．"故选A．

16．D考查动词．feared害怕；faced面对；mentioned提及；pictured想象．根据"I felt that my chances of winning were strong．"以及"the response （反应）wasn't "因此可知这句话的意思是"然而，在竞选的那天我演讲的时候，反应并不是我想象的那样．"故选D．

17．D考查动词．insist坚持；return返回；wait等待；win获胜．根据下文" I wanted to just go home

and cry"因此可知这句话的意思是"谁会获胜是很明显的．"故选D．

18．B考查名词．suggestion建议；prediction预测；direction方向；introduction介绍．根据空格后面的词语是was right：I didn't win．因此可知这句话的意思是"我的预测是正确的：我没有获胜．" 19．A考查动词．forgot忘记；wrote写；cared关心；discussed讨论．根据上文" But later，things got better．"以及"talked to me just as they did before"因此可知这句话的意思是"人们忘记了选举的时期，和我说话和以前一样了．"故选A．

20．C考查名词．trust信任；pride自豪；character性格；support支持．根据"I've learned to face disappointment and grown stronger．"因此可知这句话的意思是"失败的时刻就像性格的养成一样，自从那以后，我就学会了如何面对失望和变得更强大．"故选C．

【总结归纳】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，从中找出最符合短文的选项，就可以确定正确答案．

阅读理解（共36分）

三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项．（共26分，每小题2分）

Experiencing China

21．Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital？（）

A．Mike．B．Joanna．C．Bill．D．Cindy．

22．How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China？（）

A．Three months．B．Four months．C．Five months．D．Six months．

23．Cindy thinks her host sister is ．（）

A．a wonderful cook B．a responsible doctor

C．a warm-hearted teacher D．a hardworking student

【知识考点】人物故事类阅读．

【思路分析】文章主要讲了3个外国学生在中国的学习经历．

【解答过程】21．A．细节理解题．根据I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital 我甚至参观了一家著名的中医医院，结合表格内容，可知是Mike参观了一家著名的中医医院，故选A．

22．C．细节理解题．根据I stayed with my host family for five months我和我的寄宿家庭呆了五个月，可知是5个月，故选C．

23．D．细节理解题．根据My host sister is a really hardworking student，可知她认为寄宿家庭的姐姐是一个非常用功的学生，故选D．

【总结归纳】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．

Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else．This spring she thought of

building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race．So she asked her dad for

help．

"Well，" he said．"How about this：you do some research first and

then come back to me with a design．"

"Oh，do you？" he said．"Please share．"

"When I drove fast，there was a lot of push back，" she said．"I think it's because of the lightning bolt （闪电）shape．"

"Very good!" Dad said．

Sally said，"I see．Anyway，designing is half the fun !"

Dad smiled．"Good．Sometimes，learning happens during the process．We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way．"

That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder．When she showed Dad her new go-kart，he nodded with pride．

Finally came the race．Sally wasn't worried about whether she would win-in her mind，she had already won，by building something better than ever before．

24．Sally thought of building a go-kart to ．（）

A．practice driving B．enter for a race C．play with friends D．do some research 25．What did Sally's dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart？（）

A．To have a test drive．B．To take a good rest．

C．To give it a cool name．D．To paint it light blue．

26．Sally's story mainly tells us that ．（）

A．winning a race is important B．fishing brings us a lot of fun

C．driving experience is necessary D．learning happens during the process

【知识考点】人物故事类阅读．

【思路分析】这篇文章，通过Sally制作卡丁车的小故事，告诉我们凡事要去动手做，在做的过程中，我们一定会有所收获．

【解答过程】24．B 细节理解题．线索句为：This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race．意为"今年春天她打算做一个卡丁车参加卡丁车赛．"结合句意可知，Sally做卡丁车的目的，就是为了参加比赛，故选：B．

25．A 细节理解题．线索句为：Over three weekends of hard work，Sally turned her design into a real，working go-kart and painted it light blue．Dad asked her to take it for a test drive．意为"在三个多星期的艰苦工作之后，Sally把她的设计变成了一辆真正的、能够运转的卡丁车，并且把它涂成了浅蓝色．父亲叫她带它做第一次试驾．"，结合句意可知，在她做完了卡丁车之后，她的父亲叫她测试驾驶，故选：A．

26．D 主旨大意题．线索句为：Good．Sometimes，learning happens during the process．意为"很好，有时候，在作事的过程中，我们就会学到东西．"结合句意可知，学习发生在作事的过程之中，故选：D．

【总结归纳】面对此类试题，要擅长从文中找出解答的线索，同时，要掌握全文大意，结合文意进行作答．

It follows，then，that we have different experiences of time in different situations．In some situations，

our life is full of new experiences．Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down．In other situations，we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar （熟悉的）．We become insensitive to our experience，which means we process less information，and time seems to speed up．

How can we slow down time？Here are two suggestions．

Firstly，since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster，we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible．We can give ourselves new challenges，meet new people，and expose our minds to new information，hobbies and skills．This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增加）our experience of time．

To a certain degree，we can understand and control our experience of time passing．It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time．

27．According to the writer，we can expand our experience of time by ．（）A．going to bed on time B．traveling to new places

C．having dinner as usual D．printing the same materials

28．What can we learn from the passage？（）

A．Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information．

B．Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly．

C．We can take in more information by living through our senses．

D．We should build a stronger relationship between time and us．

29．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？（）

A．Slow Down Time B．Only Time Will Tell

C．Race Against Time D．Time Will Not Come Twice

【知识考点】日常生活类阅读．

【思路分析】文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间．【解答过程】27．B 细节理解题．根据Firstly，since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster，we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible．We can give ourselves new challenges，meet new people，and expose our minds to new information，hobbies and skills，首先，因为我们知道熟悉会让时间过得更快，所以我们可以让自己接触尽可能多的新体验．我们可以给自己新的挑战，认识新的人，让我们的头脑接触新的信息、爱好和技能，可知要拓宽对时间的体验可以去接触新事物，比如去新的地方旅游，故选B．

28．C．细节理解题．根据This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts．For

example，on the way home，focus your attention outside of yourself，instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with．Look at the sky，or at the buildings you pass，traveling among them．This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect这意味着通过我们的感官而不是思想生活．例如，在回家的路上，把你的注意力集中在你自己之外，而不是思考你必须处理的问题．看看天空，或者你路过的建筑，在它们中间穿行．这种对你的经历的开放态度有助于吸收更多的信息，也有一种时间扩张的效果，可知通过感官，我们可以吸收更多的信息，故选C．

29．A．主旨大意题．根据How can we slow down time？Here are two suggestions我们怎样才能放慢时间？这里有两个建议，结合文章内容，文章介绍了心理学研究发现熟悉的事物会让时间过得很快，并讲了如何放慢时间，故选A．

How Much Can We Afford to Forget？

In 2018，Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should

teach students．Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and

have more space for creative activities．As the Internet grows more powerful，

students can access （获得）knowledge easily．Why should they be required to

carry so much of it around in their heads？

are stored somewhere in our networks，and can be found when we need them，perhaps they're not really forgotten．Still，as time goes on，we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people．30．Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases？（）

A．Because they go off course in testing and scoring．

B．Because we control the training process on them，

C．Because we offer them too much information．

D．Because they overuse the provided answers．

31．The ease of accessing information from the Internet ．（）

A．frees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B．prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

C．misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

D．separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

32．The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means “”．（）

A．a sudden failure B．the basic rule C．a disappointing start D．the gradual development 33．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？

A．To question about the standards of information storage．

B．To discuss our problems of communication with machines．

C．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability．

D．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember．

【知识考点】日常生活类阅读．

【思路分析】文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处．【解答过程】30．B 内容理解题．根据第三段smart machines are likely to increase our biases．Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective，but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process，human beings still decide on the correct answers智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见．许多人认为智能机器必然是正确和客观的，但是机器是通过反复的测试和评分过程来训练的．在这个过程中，人类仍然决定正确的答案，可知因为是技术人员操纵着智能机器，故选B．

31．C 内容理解题．根据第四段But today，the Internet gives us the information we need quickly．This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along但是今天，互联网迅速给了我们我们需要的信息．这可能导致错误的信念--我们发现的知识是我们一直以来所知道的知识的一部分，可知会导致人们错误的认为自己已经知道了知识，故选C．

32．A 内容理解题．根据such as food and energy，would produce terrible results．Without food we get hungry；without energy we feel cold．And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age比如食物和能源，会产生可怕的结果．没有食物，我们会挨饿；没有能量，我们会感到寒冷．正是由于记忆的广泛丧失，文明有陷入黑暗时代的危险，可知上文讲的是我们的健康依赖的任何关系网络的崩溃，collapse意思是坍塌、崩溃，与A突然的失败，意思相近，故选A．

33．D 主旨大意题．根据Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen．For one，human beings have biases，and smart machines are likely to increase our biases研究人员已经认识到可能发生的几个问题．首先，人类有偏见，智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见和Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information另一个问题与获取信息的便利性有关，联系文章内容，文章主要讲了科技的发展，人们越来越依赖科技，但这也带来了许多的不利之处，可知是告诉我们不要太依赖智能机器，故选D．

四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题．（共10分，每小题2分）

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected

The waves were discovered by accident in May，2010．Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip．They wanted to study the icy waters．

On May 2，the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large

chunk of ice．around 50 miles from the small island of

Hopen．Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice

"We were ready to go but when I went out，I discovered many

cracks（裂缝）around，" he remembers．

He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．The farther in they went，he thought，the harder the ice would become．As they pushed forward，however，the ship experienced small waves，and then bigger ones．Soon，the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．Within an hour，Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high．The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than 20 feet in height．The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down，breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour．Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast．The waves in these areas used to be small．

35．Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip？（）

36．What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？（）

37．How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？（）

38．What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？（）

【知识考点】阅读表达．

【思路分析】本文说的是北极冰块巨浪的危险性．文章介绍了这种巨浪的发现时间和发现过程及其对人和野生动物的危害性．

【解答过程】34．In May，2010．细节理解题．根据文中"The waves were discovered by accident in May，2010"可知，海浪于2010年在被偶然发现．故答案是：In May，2010．

35．Because they wanted to study the icy waters．细节理解题．根据文中"They wanted to study the icy waters"可知，他们想研究冰冷的水体．故答案是：Because they wanted to study the icy waters．36．He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．细节理解题．根据文中"He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe"可知，他决定把船开到冰的更深处，以便保持安全．故答案是：He moved the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe．

37．More than 20 feet．细节理解题．根据文中"They were more than 20 feet in height"可知，它们有20英尺高．故答案是：more than 20 feet．

38．The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic．细节理解题．根据文中"That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them"和"Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger"可知，这对海员和当地社区是危险的．靠海冰生活的野生动物（比如北极熊和海象）面临危险，故知本段说的是巨浪对人和北极地区的野生动物的危害性．故答案是：The dangers of the huge waves to people and wildlife in Arctic．

【总结归纳】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．

书面表达（共10分）

五、文段表达（10分）

提示词语：design，safety rule，careful，protect，picture

提示问题：●When should you hand in the poster？

●What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster？

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句【知识方法】先行词：名词或代词定语从句关系代词关系词关系副词【知识清单】定语从句知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that，who，whom(只做宾语) 主语宾语表语人Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

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