大学英语四级写作要求与技巧

大学英语四级写作要求与技巧

一、审题

1.审体裁（议论文，说明文，描述文）

审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么

样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢？它包括议论文，说明文和描述文。从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。例如：

Directions： For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes

to write a composition on the topic

Trying to Be A Good University Student.

You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below：

做合格大学生的必要性

做合格大学生的必备条件（能够从德智体方面谈）

很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的，因为，

第一段要求写“?必要性”，则是议论文；

第二段要求写“?必备条件”，则要求写说明文；

第三段要求写“?这样做”，则要求写描述文。所以在绝大部分情

形下，四级作文是三种体裁的糅合体。

2.确定相对应的写作方法

我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题，我们能够看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体，

第二段为说明体，第三段为描述体。而各种文体又有不同的写作方式：

议论文：要有论点和论据，而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面第一段的思路是：做合格大学生，会怎么样（这是从正面论述）；不能做合格的大学生，又会怎么样（从反面论述）；所以我们要做合格的大学生（结论）。说明文：能够从几方面来说明一个问题，能够从德智体三方面来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文：以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比，本段的主语多为人称代词，他要与第二段相呼应实行描述。

二、确定主题句

审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句，主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能协助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最保险的方法就是直接翻译中文提纲，如上述之段主题句为：

It is very necessary to be a good university student.(议论体的主题句) There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.(说明体的主题句)

What I will do in the future is the following.(描述体的主题句)

三、组织段落

确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。很多考生真正犯难的也是这个步。最基本的解决办法是扩大词汇量，丰富自己的语法存储。在写作时，语法和词汇都是最基本的。不过，组织段落的水平也是尤为重要的（接下来的连贯与衔接部分，我们更为详细的为大家讲解）。行文时，不但仅提供一些information,还要学会使用一些examples, personal experiences, comparisons, deions等等，只有这样，才不会觉得无话可“写”。

四、连贯与衔接

1.列举法

列举的模式通常是

主题句

----example 1

----example 2

----example 3

列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like,thus, take?as an example, to illustrate等词语.

Nonverbal communication, or "body language，" is communication by facial expressions, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. It can be just as important

to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings are often amusing but sometimes serious ones can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture are very common in the United States： a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is Ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are

talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal.

2.分类法

一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或

几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面实

行具体地说明或解释。

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(不定式的平行结构) No： They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes days. Yes： They would lie on the battlefield for hours and sometimes for days. (介词平行结构) No：Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and dust filled the air. Yes：Michael’s vacuum cleaner squealed loudly, shook violently, and filled the air with dust. (并列谓语) No： The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use. Yes： The mechanic explained the problem, method, and tools that he was going to use. (并列带有定冠词"the"的名词) No： He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and his employees loved him. Yes： He retired respected by his associates, admired by his friends, and loved by his employees. (并列被动语态) No： As a young man he had been to Shanghai, fighting in the Anti-Japanese War, and following the Nationalist Party to Chongking.

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