城市规划外文翻译
Introduction of Liangjiang New Area
After Shanghai Pudong New Area and Tianjin Binhai New Area, China’s only inland and third municipal-level new area –Chongqing Liangjiang New Area – was set up with the approval of the State Council on June 16, 2010, the 13th anniversary since Chongqing being China’s 4th municipality.
Liangjiang New Area, located in the main urban districts of Chongqing, north of the Yangtze River and east of the Jialing River covers 1,200 square kilometers, of which 550 square kilometers is available for construction and composed of Jiangbei, Yubei and Beibei administrative district, the North New Zone and China’s first inland bonded zone, Lianglu Cuntan Bonded Port Area. Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Development & Investment Group Co., Ltd. is in charge of constructing the industrial parks.
Strategic position
According to the approval of the Sate Council, Chongqing Liangjiang New Area will play roles of a pilot area for the comprehensive urban-rural reform; an important modern manufacturing base and comprehensive transport hub of China; a trade, commercial and logistics centre as well as a financial and technological innovation centre of the upper reaches of the Yangtze; an important gateway of the inland region opening to the outside world and a model for the scientific development.
Transport advantages
As the geographic core of the inland, Chongqing Municipality, located at the connection region of the west and middle China, enjoys a three-dimensional traffic network linking the south and north China and will form 3 transport hubs of China's 4th largest international airport, inland river transport's biggest port and the junction of 8 railways. The local logistics cost is greatly cut with the he new way created by Liangjiang New Area, the opening of New Eurasia Land Bridge and the access to the Indian Ocean, which provides advantageous conditions for the new area in attracting world's production factors and establishing a rapid carrying-over platform. All can indicate that Liangjiang New Area has been in the forefront of the opening-up project in inland China.
Reasonable space structure & industrial layout
In terms of space structure, Liangjiang New Area is divided into 3 sectors of modern service industry, advanced manufacturing industry and urban comprehensive functional zone and composed of 10 functional zones of Jiangbeizui CBD, Bonded Areas, Yufu Modern Manufacturing and Logistics Zone, Longxing Advanced Manufacturing Zone, North Urban Economic Zone, Airport lingang Industrial Zone,
Yulai Exhibition Center，Caijia Hi-tech Industrial Zone, Shuifu Ecosystem Industrial Zone and Mugu Export Processing Zone. In terms of industrial layout, the area will form 5 strategic industries of rail transit, electric power (nuclear power and wind power, etc.), new energy automobiles, electronic information and energy conservation materials. In addition, the layout will focus on 3 strategic functions of national research and development headquarters, important transformation base for scientific research achievements and data center. Furthermore, the area will speed up developing a group of emerging industry clusters to form a “5+3” layout.
Preferential polices
The State Council provides Liangjiang New Area with unprecedented preferential policies to increase support for further industry, capital and human talents development. The 3 preferential policies of West Development, coordination of the comprehensive urban and rural reform and experience of Pudong and Binhai new area will take effect in the area, marking Liangjiang New Area to be the one with most preferential policies in China. The area unveils a series of preferential policies, such as enterprises income tax is reduced to 15%, arousing great attention in the world.
Good foundation for development
Lian gjiang New Area in an “old + new” style includes the inland China’s only bonded port, the largest conference center in the west, finance & trade center and so on, while Pudong and Binhai new area were built from nothing. Liangjiang New Area gained a Gross Domestic Product of around 80 billion yuan, 13 and 4 times of Pudong and Binhai at their beginning.
On the basis of “take Chongqing as the base, provide service to west China, depend on the economy belt along the Yangtze River, open to the outside world”, the CPC Chongqing Committee and Chongqing Municipal Government definite the “Three Three-Step Strategy” for the Development of Liangjiang New Area, “to achieve initial success in 2 years, to take a shape in 5 years and to basically complete in 10 years”. The area in 2012 will get the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 0.16 trillion yuan with an increase of 100%; in 2015, the GDP will be more than 0.32 trillion yuan; in 2020, Liangjiang New Area will be the inland China’s open model with modern functions, advanced industries, gathering headquarters, livable environment and international influence. Its GDP and industrial gross output will hit 0.64 trillion and 1 trillion yuan respectively, which is the same as “reconstructing one more Chongqing industry and Chong qing economy in 10 years”.
重庆两江新区概况
重庆两江新区于2010年6月18日,也就是重庆直辖13周年之际挂牌成立，是我国内陆地区唯一的国家级开发开放新区，也是继上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区后，由国务院直接批复的第三个国家级开发开放新区。
两江新区位于重庆主城区长江以北、嘉陵江以东，规划面积1200km2，其中可开发建设面积550km2，涵盖江北区、渝北区、北碚区三个行政区部分区域及北部新区，拥有内陆唯一的保税港区——两路寸滩保税港区，所属的重庆两江新区开发投资集团有限公司负责两江工业园区的开发建设工作。
两江新区战略定位准确、明晰。根据国务院批复，中央赋予重庆两江新区五大功能定位：一是统筹城乡综合配套改革试验的先行区；二是内陆重要的先进制造业和现代服务业基地；三是长江上游地区的金融中心和创新中心；四是内陆地区对外开放的重要门户；五是科学发展的示范窗口。
两江新区交通优越。首先，重庆地处中西结合部、是中国大陆版图的几何中心，承东启西、沟通南北，拥有面向国际、连接南北、辐射西部的密集立体交通网络，将形成中国第四大国际机场、内河航运最大港口和8条铁路汇集等三大交通枢纽。长三角海运到达欧洲28天，重庆铁海联运到达欧洲27天，其次，两江新区创新的物流方式伴随新欧亚大陆桥和印度洋出海通道的打通，极大的降低了物流交易成本，为两江新区汇聚全球生产要素、搭建快速结转平台、发挥长江黄金水道、江北国际航空港枢纽、内陆唯一保税港区影响力、以流量经济服务、辐射中西部创造了优越的条件，由此可见两江新区已经处于中国内陆开放的最前沿。
两江新区空间布局和产业布局合理。两江新区分为现代服务业、先进制造业、都市综合功能区三大板块；形成十大功能区，即江北嘴中央商务区、保税港区、鱼复现代制造和物流区、龙兴先进制造区、北部都市经济区、空港临港产业区、悦来会展城、蔡家高技术产业区，水复生态产业区、木古出口加工区。在产业布局上，将形成轨道交通、电力装备（含核电、风电等）、新能源汽车、电子信息、节能材料等五大战略性产业，以及国家级研发总部、重大科研成果转化基地、数据中心等三大战略性创新功能布局，并加快培育一批高成长性新兴产业集群，形成“5+3”的战略性布局。
两江新区政策优惠。国务院给予两江新区前所未有的优惠政策，要求在现有
政策范围内，加大对两江新区发展的支持力度，推动产业、资金和人才向两江新区集聚。西部大开发优惠政策、统筹城乡综合配套改革先行先试政策以及比照浦东新区和滨海新区的开发开放政策，这三大优惠政策的叠加，意味着两江新区成为始终保有国家内陆最优惠政策的区域。目前，两江新区已集中推出到2020年减按15%的税率征收企业所得税等诸多优惠政策，引起全球投资者广泛关注。
两江新区开发基础条件较好。与浦东和滨海几乎“白手起家”不同，两江新区是“老城＋新城”，内陆地区唯一的保税港区、西部最大的会展中心、金融商贸区均在区内。2009年GDP约800亿元，分别是浦东和滨海设立之初的13倍和4倍，具有一定的基础。
重庆市委、市政府根据国务院定位，按照“立足重庆市、服务大西南、依托长江经济带、面向国内外”的思路，明确了两江新区“三步走”发展战略，即“两年初见成效，五年形成框架、十年基本建成”。到2012年，实现地区生产总值翻番，超过1600亿；到2015年，超过3200亿；到2020年，两江新区将建成功能现代、产业高端、总部聚集、生态宜居，具有国际影响力和内陆开放示范效应的新区，GDP达到6400亿元，工业总产值达到10000亿元，相当于10年“再造一个重庆工业”、“再造一个重庆经济”。
(完整版)城市规划文献翻译毕业设计论文
二○xx 届毕业设计 外文文献翻译
学院：建筑学院 专业：城乡规划 姓名：xxx 学号：xxxxxxxxx 指导教师：xx 完成时间：20xx年x月
绿地，城市持续发展最重要的指标：城市规划效 用研究 Francisco Gómez；José Jabaloyes；Luis Montero； Vicente De Vicente；and Manuel Valcuende 摘要：本篇文章总结了在西班牙城市巴伦西亚开展的一次非常广泛的研究，即绿地在城市舒适度中起到的作用。之前，已经研究出了组成城市环境的环境参数。根据这些值，一系列的舒适指数被分析并被证实，这些指数证明了之前作出的决定中的最佳的行为。同样被研究的还有绿地在公共城市空间中的作用：对太阳辐射的保留度和污染滞留容量。根据绿地的总量，这在公式上达到了舒适指数的极限值，即通过统计相关性，测定出城市达到理论上的舒适所需的绿地的表面积。本篇文章对城市量度的公式进行了更宽泛的分析，通过对空间和环境以更广泛的视角和更丰富的多样性的研究。这三个舒适指数已经被巴伦西亚以最佳的运作状态表现出来了，即达到了统计学上的最确定性。这篇文章最后研究了早前在巴伦西亚进行的绿色规划实验。最终结果考虑到巴伦西亚的学术权威提出的保护许尔塔的建议，正是这个天然商品花园开始了巴伦西亚的形成，接着形成了欧洲地区的战略哲学和欧洲景观风俗。 DOI: 10.1061(ASCE)UP... ? 2011 美国土木工程师协会 关键词：城市规划，植物，树木，应用研究，可持续规划 引言：全球人口城市化速度的增长在最近几年值得注意，这一现象的发生根本上是由于城市为居民提供了更优的基本生活条件，极大地增加了他们的自由度。现实情况是，城市地区表现出越来越多的
文献综述城市规划
文献综述城市规划 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
浅谈城镇建设存在的问题与未来 姓名：李里 摘要：在阅读多篇文章以后，总结出中国目前新城镇建设存在的普遍问题，由于追求快速城镇化，造成城市建设与城市空间都存在问题，同时建设时并没有考虑保护环境这一方面。目前，生态城市成为最新的城市改造建设模式，取代了传统的城市建设模式。 关键词：城镇建设，生态城市，海绵城市，低碳城市 一、城镇建设存在的问题 目前，新城建设中突出的问题是：新城求洋求新，导致千城一面的城市，形象特色危机；大拆大建导致的生态环境破坏和历史文脉隔断；部分新城人气不足，活力缺少，建设成效与期望差距甚远；过于关注形象和规模，新城认为不足，配套缺失；不够重视经济测算，造成一定的财政负担，前期投入多，后期收效不大。 不少城市的领导为了追求任期业绩，既不尊重投入产出规律，也不考虑经济效果和创新，更不考虑资金的回收问题。对老城区部分青红皂白一律推到重建，这是一种最原始、最不科学、最粗野的城市更新方式，造成一些有保留价值的建筑、设施、古木、风貌等的破坏，是城市的有形和无形资产严重受损，甚至完全消失。城市文脉是一座城市在长期建设中形成的历史的、文化的、特有的、地域的、景观的氛围和环境，是一种历史和文化的积淀。目前，城市中普遍存在着低水平的、低层次的简单城市更新，不注重保护和延续城市的文脉，是城市的文脉收到认为的破坏和割裂。城市正在走向雷同，特有风貌消失。随着世界经济一体化进程的加快和信息、文化、科技各个领域交流的扩大，城市更新改造中大量地运用了新技术、新工艺、新材料、新的设计理念大大促进了城市更新的进程和步伐。但是由于各地“追风”现象十分严重，效仿和追大潮成为时尚，是城市更新中出现了雷同，城市正在被克隆，正在失去领域的、文化的、传统的、多样化的特色，建筑正在失去个性和灵魂。在城市更新改造中，将保护建筑视为获得眼前利益的捷径，千方百计的肆意
建筑类外文文献及中文翻译
forced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、steel mechanical link 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.
城市规划环境色彩外文翻译文献
文献信息 文献标题：Exploring Environmental Colour Design in Urban Contexts （城市环境色彩设计初探） 文献作者：Galyna McLellan, Mirko Guaralda 文献出处：《The Journal of Public Space》,2018,3(1):93-102 字数统计：英文3636单词，20879字符；中文7078汉字 外文文献 Exploring Environmental Colour Design in Urban Contexts Abstract The increasing complexity of urban colour and growing recognition of its psychological effects prompts rethinking of the current conceptual and methodological approaches to environmental colour design. Contemporary designers are challenged to understand how evolving colour knowledge can be integrated with the fundamentals of colour design. This paper aims to elaborate on the concept of environmental colour composition (ECC) and outlines an alternative approach to colour design in urban environments. A better understanding of the dynamic relationships between the tangible and perceptual elements of an ECC can bring new meaning to the consideration of colour as an integral component of city design. The proposed concepts of environmental colour events and scenarios provide a foundation for both further theoretical inquiry and practical application of synthesised colour knowledge in the design of urban environments. Keywords:environmental colour composition, environmental colour design, colour event, colour scenario ‘What is the colour of your favourite public place?’ Surprisingly, this simple question often causes confusion among many interviewees. Indeed, the complexity and ambiguity of visual information presented to viewers in a contemporary urban space make it difficult to determine what the prevailing spatial colour is. However,
建筑学毕业专业外文翻译文献doc资料
本科毕业设计（外文翻译） 题目居住区交往空间规划与设计 院（系部）xxx学院 专业名称xx 年级班级xx 学生姓名xx 指导教师xx xx 年xx 月x 日 Planning and Design of Association Space of residential District
Xia dong liang 【Abstract】:The association space refers to the indoor and outdoor space for communication between residents.The article presents an overall discussion of the necessity，hierarchy and functionality of association space,with a wish to create positive and healthy association atmosphere and stimulate good communication among residents so that the residential area can become a homeland full of love and harmony． 【Keyword】:residential area；association space；necessity；hierarchy；Functionality 【Foreword】：As the housing system reform and the rapid development of real estate, urban residential areas large urban settlements have emerged on the layout of residential buildings, public buildings, public green space, life and living facilities such as roads, to provide urban residents live in the community and The establishment, is an integral part of the city. Exchanges between the living room area residents is to communicate and exchange of indoor and outdoor space. At this stage, people's living standards greatly improved the living environment of continuous improvement district. Developers should not only focus on residential construction and the reasonable comfort, paying greater attention to the construction of residential environment. However, the current environment in the construction of residential areas, they are often the natural ecology of greening the environment is much more to consider, and the promotion of exchanges between the residents of the space environment to consider less, environmental construction can not meet the occupants of the psychological characteristics and needs. From the basic physiological needs gradually to meet the psychological and cultural fields of promoting a higher level, the residential area is not only the function of living, but also people's thinking and feelings of the local exchange. Therefore, the strengthening of exchanges between the residential areas of space construction, increase residential neighbourhood affinity, should be developed in the planning and construction of residential areas should also consider the issue. How to conduct exchanges between the residential areas of space planning and design, improve people's quality of life, the author of his own real estate development
工程管理专业毕业设计外文翻译(外文+翻译)
Study on Project Cost Control of Construction Enterprises By: R. Max Wideman Abstract With the increasing maturity of construction market, the competition between construction enterprises is becoming fierce. The project profit is gradually decreasing. It demands that all construction enterprises enhance their cost control, lower costs, improve management efficiency and gain maximal profits. This paper analyses the existing problems on project cost control of Chinese construction enterprises, and proposes some suggestions to improve project cost control system. Key Words ：Construction enterprises, Project management, Cost control After joining the WTO, with Chinese construction market becoming integrated, the competition among architectural enterprises is turning more intense. Construction enterprises must continually enhance the overall competitiveness if they want to develop further at home and abroad construction market. Construction Enterprises basically adopt the "project management-centered" model, therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen project cost control. 1.The Current Domestic Project Cost Classification and Control Methods Cost refers to the consumption from producing and selling of certain products, with the performance of various monetary standing for materialized labor and labor-consuming. Direct and indirect costs constitute the total cost, also known as production cost or manufacturing cost. Enterprise product cost is the comprehensive indicator to measure enterprise quality of all aspects. It is not only the fund compensation scale, but also the basis to examine the implementation of cost plan. Besides, it can provide reference for product pricing According to the above-mentioned definition and current domestic cost classification, construction project cost can be divided into direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs include material cost, personnel cost, construction machinery cost, material transportation cost, temporarily facility cost, engineering cost and other direct cost. Indirect costs mainly result from project management and company's cost-sharing, covering project operating costs (covering the commission of foreign projects), project's management costs (including exchange losses of
城市交通规划外文翻译
本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 专业名称：土木工程 年级班级： 学生姓名： 指导教师： 二○年月日
Urban transportation Planning An urban transportation system is basic component of an urban area's social，economic，and physical structure. Not only does the design and performance of a transportation system provide opportunities for mobility，but over the long term，it influences patterns of growth and the level of economic activity through the accessibility it provides to land. Planning for the development or maintenance of the urban transportation system is thus an important activity，both for promoting the efficient movement of people and goods in an urban area and for maintaining the strong supportive role that transportation can play in attaining other community objectives. There are several basic concepts about an urban transportation system that should be kept in mind. Most important，a transportation system in an urban area is defined as consisting of the facilities and services that allow travel throughout the region，providing opportunities for:(I)mobility to residents of an urban area and movement of goods and (2) accessibility to land .Given this definition，an urban transportation system can be further characterized by three major components: the spatial configuration that permits travel from one location to another; the transportation technologies that provide the means of moving over these distances; and the institutional framework that provides for the planning, construction, operation, and maintenance of system facilities. The Spatial Configuration of a Transportation System One way to describe the spatial dimension of an urban transportation system is to consider the characteristics of individual trips from an origin to a destination. For example, a trip can consist of several types of movement undertaken to achieve different objectives. Travelers leaving home might use a local bus system to reach a suburban subway station(a trip collection process)，proceed through the station to the subway platform (a transfer process)，ride the subway to a downtown station (a line-haul process)，and walk to a place of employment (a distribution process). Similarly，one can view a home-to-work trip by car as consisting of similar segments，with the local street system providing the trip collection process, a freeway providing the line-haul capability，a parking lot in the central business district serving as a transfer point，and walking，as before，serving the distribution function. The facilities and services that provide these opportunities for travel，when
气候学知识在城市规划中的应用大学毕业论文外文文献翻译
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：气候学知识在城市规划中的应用文献、资料英文题目： 文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专业： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017.02.14
气候学知识在城市规划中的应用 埃利亚松Ingegaè编写 哥德堡大学气候学在自然地理学、地球科学研究中心 瑞典哥德堡Box 460，S-405,30 收稿于1999年7月19日，修稿于1999年11月1日，发行于1999年11月23日 摘要 城市景观创造的气候会反过来影响城市，这是一既成事实；例如：人类的舒适性，空气质量以及能量消耗。然而尽管理论上如此，人们往往认为气象因素对于城市规划实施的实际操作影响很小。其原因是一重要的课题，因为答案要求之于气候学家，规划者和规划过程中。目前研究的主要目标旨在探讨如何以及何时使用气候变化知识在城市化过程中。该研究策略是由跨学科研究团体及气候学家和规划者策划的。案例研究包括不同的采访技巧以及历史数据，这是由在瑞典的三个直辖市从事城市规划工作的各种参与者提供的。研究表明，城市规划者对气候方面较感兴趣，但对气象信息的使用却是杂乱无章，从而结果得出气候学对城市规划影响较低。低冲击是由于几个可能与五个解释变量：概念和基于知识、技术、政策、组织和市场有关。这次讨论提出了某些方面的一些关键的结论,旨在解决这些限制。城市气候学家满足规划者需求驱动的需要提供好的参数,合适的方法和工具是很重要的。城市气候学家也鼓励规划者、决策者和公众提高对城市气候重要性的认识。然而,随着规划是一项政治活动并非总是基于甚至关系到科学知识,一些确定的约束只能通过中和在社会环境的规划制度能力的改善。 关键词:城市气候;城市结构;土地利用;环境规划 1、介绍 1.1、城市气候——简短背景 城市景观为当地创造了一个不同于周围的乡村景观的气候。最证据确凿的是城市热岛效应，研究表明城乡在晴朗和平静的夜晚存在12℃的温差（奥科；1981）。然而城市土地利用变化常常与由一个温暖与寒冷地区拼接的独特的城市土地利用的变化作比较；例如，在公园和建筑物周围能产生的内部城市温度差异高达7℃（斯普瑞肯?史密斯、奥科；1998）。街道几何也是非常重要的城市温度场。天空视角系数（SVF），图1已表明城市温度与其表面温度有关，而不是空气温度(Baè rring et al., 1985;Eliasson, 1992, 1994)。然而对于一个城市的平均SVF已被证明不同城市与最大城市热岛(空气温度)有良好的相关性(Oke, 1981; Park, 1987)。城市中的物质（沥青、砖块、玻璃等）的热特性不同于与在农村发现的物质（树、草、裸露的土壤等）。一般来说，建筑材料在城市中的运用会通过它们储存热量的特性来加剧城市的热岛效应。奥科认为材料和结构的多样性同样是热岛效应的两个主要原因。其他一
建筑学专业毕业设计方案外文翻译二44
毕业设计英文资料翻译 Tran slati on ofthe En glish Docume nts for Graduati on Desig n 课题名称_____________________________________ 院< 系）_____________________________________ 专业 _____________________________________ 姓名 _____________________________________ 学号 _____________________________________ 起讫日期 _____________________________________ 指导教师 _____________________________________ 2018 年2月25日 原文: Abstract：Gree n buildi ng refers to do its best to maximize con servati on of resources (en ergy, land, water, and wood> , protecti ng the environment and reduce polluti on in its life cycle. Provide people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature in harmony symbiosis buildings. Idescribed more details of green building design ' notion, green building ' design, as well as the sig ni fica nee of the con
土木工程专业外文文献及翻译
（ 二 〇 一 二 年 六 月 外文文献及翻译 题 目： About Buiding on the Structure Design 学生姓名： 学 院：土木工程学院 系 别：建筑工程系 专 业：土木工程(建筑工程方向) 班 级：土木08-4班 指导教师：
英文原文： Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing Abstract The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Keyword:Concrete crack prevention processing Foreword Concrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and a little bit other use function not a creation to endanger.But after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with connect, end formation we can see without the
城市规划相关外文翻译
Riverfront Landscape Design for London 2012 Olympic Park Client: Olympic Delivery Authority Location: London, UK Project Credit: Atkins Text: Mike McNicholas, Project Director, Atkins How do you plant along a river's edge, knowing that millions of people could be passing through thesite in the near future? How do you design, create and maintain the surrounding wetlands, knowing that man-made wet woodland is very rare and transitionalby nature? How do you ensurethat the habitat being created remains viable and sustainable in the long-term? Atkins’engineers of the wetlands and river edges on the London 2012 Olympic Park were tasked with fi nding answers to all of these questions. Covering more than 246 hectares of formerly derelict industrial land, London’s new Olympic Park for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games is one of Europe’s biggest-ever urban greening projects. Rivers and wetlands are at the heart of the vision for the new park, which lies in east London’s Lower Lee Valley. Th e landscape that’s now emerging will provide a backdrop for the main action of
建筑外文文献及翻译
外文原文 Study on Human Resource Allocation in Multi-Project Based on the Priority and the Cost of Projects Lin Jingjing , Zhou Guohua SchoolofEconomics and management, Southwest Jiao tong University ,610031 ,China Abstract----This paper put forward the a ffecting factors of project’s priority. which is introduced into a multi-objective optimization model for human resource allocation in multi-project environment . The objectives of the model were the minimum cost loss due to the delay of the time limit of the projects and the minimum delay of the project with the highest priority .Then a Genetic Algorithm to solve the model was introduced. Finally, a numerical example was used to testify the feasibility of the model and the algorithm. Index Terms—Genetic Algorithm, Human Resource Allocation, Multi-project’s project’s priority . 1.INTRODUCTION More and more enterprises are facing the challenge of multi-project management, which has been the focus among researches on project management. In multi-project environment ,the share are competition of resources such as capital , time and human resources often occur .Therefore , it’s critical to schedule projects in order to satisfy the different resource demands and to shorten the projects’ duration time with resources constrained ,as in [1].For many enterprises ,the human resources are the most precious asset .So enterprises should reasonably and effectively allocate each resource , especially the human resource ,in order to shorten the time and cost of projects and to increase the benefits .Some literatures have