A3 The Use of Force
Lesson Three The Use of Force
by William Carlos Williams
使用暴力
威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯
○课文逐句翻译
他们是我的新病人，我所知道的只有名字，奥尔逊。
They were new patients to me, all I had was the name, Olson.
请您尽快赶来，我女儿病得很重。
“Please come down as soon as you can, my daughter is very sick.”
当我到达时，孩子的母亲迎接了我，这是一位看上去惊恐不安的妇人，衣着整洁却一脸忧伤的神色她只是说，这位就是医生吗？
When I arrived I was met by the mother, a big startled looking woman, very clean and apologetic who merely said, Is this the doctor?
然后带我进了屋。
And let me in.
在后面，她又说到，请你一定要原谅我们，医生，我们让她呆在厨房里，那儿暖和，这里有时很潮湿。
In the back, she added. Y ou must excuse us, doctor, we have her in the kitchen where it is warm. It is very damp here sometimes.
在厨房的桌子旁边，这个孩子穿得严严实实的，坐在她父亲的腿上。
The child was fully dressed and sitting on here father?s lap near the kitchen table. 他父亲试图站起来，但我向他示意不用麻烦，然后我脱下外套开始检查。
He tried to get up, but I motioned for him not to bother, took off my overcoat and started to look things over.
我能够觉察出他们都很紧张，而且用怀疑的眼光上下打量着我。
I could see that they were all very nervous, eyeing me up and down distrustfully.
在这种情形下，他们通常不会提供太多的情况，而是等着我告诉他们病情，这就是为什么他们会在我身上花3美元。
As often, in such cases, they weren?t telling me more than they had to, it was up to me to tell them; that?s why they were spending three dollars on me.
这个孩子用她那冷漠而镇定的目光目不转睛地盯着我，脸上没有任何表情。
The child was fairly eating me up with her cold, steady eyes, and no expression on her face whatever.
她纹丝不动，内心似乎很平静。这是一个非常惹人喜爱的小东西，外表长得象小牛一样结实。
She did not move and seemed, inwardly, quiet; an unusually attractive little thing, and as strong as a heifer in appearance.
但是她的脸发红，而且呼吸急促，我知道她在发着高烧。
But her face was flushed, she was breathing rapidly, and I realized that she had a high fever.
她长着一头漂亮浓密的金发，就像刊登在广告插页上和周日报纸图片版上的那些孩子一样。
She had magnificent blonde hair, in profusion. One of those picture children often reproduced in advertising leaflets and the photogravure sections of the Sunday papers.
她发烧已经3天了，她父亲开口说，我们不知道是什么原因。
She?s had a fever for three days, began the father and we don?t know what it comes from.
我太太给她吃了一些药，你知道，大家都是这样做的，可这些药根本不管用，而且，附近有很多人都生了病，所以我们想请您最好给她检查一下，然后告诉我们是怎么一回事。
My w ife has given her things, you know, like people do, but it don?t do no good. And there?s been a lot of sickness around. So we tho?t you?d better look her over and tell us what is the matter.
像医生们经常做的那样，我问了个问题，想以此来猜测一下病症所在。
As doctors often do I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure. Has she had a sore throat?
父母两人一起回答说，没有……没有，她说她的嗓子不疼。
Both parents answered me together, No…No, she says her throat don?t hurt her.
你嗓子疼吗？母亲又问了一下孩子。
Does your throat hurt you? Added the mother to the child.
女孩的表情没有任何变化，而她的目光却一直没有从我的脸上移开。
But the little girl?s expression didn?t change nor did she move her eyes from my face.
你看过她的嗓子了吗？
Have you looked?
我想看，孩子的母亲说，但看不见。
I tried to, said the mother but II couldn?t see.
这个月碰巧她上学的那个学校已经有好几例白喉病。虽然到目前为止没有人说出这件事，但很显然，我们心里都想到了。
As it happens we had been having a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which this child went during that month and we were all, quite apparently, thinking of that, though no one had as yet spoken of the thing.
好了，我说，我们先看看嗓子吧。
Well, I said, suppose we take a look at the throat first.
我以医生特有的职业方式微笑着，叫着孩子的名字。我说，来吧，玛蒂尔达，张开嘴，让我看一下你的嗓子。
I smiled in my best professional manner and asking for the child?s first name I said, come on, Mathilda, open your mouth and let?s take a look at your throat.
没有任何反应。
Nothing doing.
哦，来吧，我劝道，张大你的嘴，让我看看。看，我说着把两只手伸开，我的手里没有东西，张大嘴，让我看看。
Aw, come on, I coaxed, just open your mouth wide and let me take a look. Look, I said opening both hands wide, I haven?t anything in my hands. Just open up and let me see.
他是一个多好的人呀，她的母亲插话道。你看他对你多好呀，来，听话。他不会伤害你的。
Such a nice man put in the mother. Look how kind he is to you. Come on, do what he tells you to. He won?t hurt you.
听到这里我狠狠地咬了咬牙，要是他们没用“伤害”这个词，我也许能做点什么，但是我没有着急或恼怒，而是慢声细语地说着话，一边再次靠近这个孩子。As that I ground my teeth in disgust. If only they wouldn?t use the word “hurt” I might be able to get somewhere. But I did not allow myself to be hurried or disturbed but speaking quietly and slowly I approached the child again.
我刚将椅子拉近一点，突然，她像猫一样双手本能地朝我的两眼抓去，我差一点被她抓到。
As I moved my chair a little nearer suddenly with one catlike movement both her hands clawed instinctively for my eyes and she almost reached them too.
好在她只是打掉了我的眼镜，虽然眼镜没有碎，但已落到了离我几英尺远的厨房地板上。
In fact she knocked my glasses flying and they fell, though unbroken, several feet away from me on the kitchen floor.
父母两人都非常尴尬，充满歉意，你这个坏孩子，母亲一边说，一边抓着她，并摇晃着她的一只手，你看看你做的事。这么一个好人。
Both the mother and father almost turned themselves inside out in embarrassment and apology. Y ou bad girl, said the mother, taking her and shaking here by one arm. Look what you?ve done. The nice man…
看在上帝的份上，我打断了她的话，请不要再在她面前说我是一个好人。
For heaven?s sake, I broke in. Don?t call me a nice man to her.
我来是看看她的嗓子，也许她患了白喉，而且很可能会死于这种病。
I?m here to look at her throat on the chance that she might have diphtheria and possibly die of it.
但这一切她都不在乎，看这儿，我对女孩说，我们想看看你的嗓子，你不小了，应该明白我说的话，你是自己张开嘴呢，还是我们帮你张开？
But that?s nothing to her. Look here, I said to the child, we?re going to look at your throat. Y ou?re old enough to understand what I?m saying. Will you open it now by yourself or shall we have to open it for you?
她仍然一动不动，甚至连表情都没有任何变化。
Not a move. Even her expression hadn?t changed.
但是她的呼吸却越来越急促。
Her breaths, however, were coming faster and faster.
接着一场战役开始了，我不得不这样做。
Then the battle began. I had to do it.
由于她的自我保护，我必须检查一下她的嗓子。
I had to have a throat culture for her own protection.
可是我首先告诉家长这完全取决于他们。
But first I told the parents that it was entirely up to them.
我说明了其危险性，但同时提出只要他们承担责任我就不会坚持做这次喉咙检查。
I explained the danger but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the responsibility.
如果你不按大夫说的去做，你就要去医院了，母亲严厉地警告她。
If you don?t do what the doctor says you?ll have to go to the hospital, the mother
admonished her severely.
是吗？我只好暗自笑了笑。毕竟我已经喜欢上了这个野蛮的小东西，但却看不起这对父母。
Oh yeah? I had to smile to myself. After all, I had already fallen in love with the savage brat, the parents were contemptible to me.
在接下来的“战斗”中他们越来越难堪，被摧垮了，直至精疲力竭。而这个女孩由于恐惧，她对我的抗拒达到了惊人的地步。
In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.
父亲尽了最大的努力，他块头很大，然而事实上他面对着的是他的女儿，由于对她的所作所为感到愧疚和担心伤到她，他每次在我几乎就要成功了的关键时刻放开了她，我真恨不得杀了他。
The father tried his best, and he was a big man but the fact that she was his daughter, his shame at her behavior and his dread of hurting her made him release her just at the critical times when I had almost achieved success, till I wanted to kill him. 可是，因为又担心她真会患上白喉，尽管他自己就快昏到了，他又告诉我继续，继续，而她的母亲在我们的身后走来走去，忧愁万分地抖着双手。
But his dread also that she might have diphtheria made him tell me to go on, go on though he himself was almost fainting, while the mother moved back and forth behind us raising and lowering her hands in an agony of apprehension.
把她放在你的大腿上，我命令道，抓住她的两个手腕。
Put her in front of you on your lap, I ordered, and hold both her wrists.
然而他刚一动手，女孩就尖叫了一声。
But as soon as he did the child let out a scream.
别这样，你会弄疼我的．
Don?t, you?re hurting me.
放开我的手，放手，我告诉你。
Let go of my hands. Let them go I tell you.
接着她发出可怕的歇斯底里的尖叫，住手！住手！你会弄死我的！
Then she shrieked terrifyingly, hysterically. Stop it! Stop it! Y ou?re killing me!
你觉得她受得了吗？医生！她母亲说。
Do you think she can stand it, doctor! Said the mother.
你出去，丈夫对他的妻子说，你想让她死于白喉吗？
Y ou get out, said the husband to his wife. Do you want her to die of diphtheria?
来吧，抓住她，我说道。
Come on now, hold her, I said.
接着我用左手掰住女孩的头，并试图将木制的压舌板伸进她的嘴里。
Then I grasped the child?s head with my left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth.
她紧咬着牙绝望地反抗着！
She fought, with clenched teeth, desperately!
而此时我也变得狂怒了——对一个孩子。
But now I also had grown furious-at a child.
我试图让自己不要发脾气，但却做不到，我知道怎样去检查她的嗓子。
I tried to hold myself down but I couldn?t. I know how to expose a throat for inspection.
我尽了最大的努力。当我终于把木制的压舌板伸到最后一排牙齿的后面时，她张开了嘴，然而只是一瞬间，我还来不及看她又把嘴闭上了，没等我把它取出来，她的臼齿已经紧紧咬住了压舌板，并把压舌板咬成了碎片。
And I did my best. When finally I got the wooden spatula behind the last teeth and just the point of it into the mouth cavity, she opened up for an instant but before I could see anything she came down again and gripped the wooden blade between her molars. She reduces it to splinters before I could get it out again.
你不害臊吗？妈妈朝她大声训斥道。你在大夫面前这样不觉得害臊吗？
Aren?t you ashamed, the mother yelled at her. Aren?t you ashamed to act like that in front of the doctor?
给我拿一把平柄的勺子什么的，我对母亲说。
Get me a smooth-handled spoon of some sort, I told the mother.
我们还要接着做下去。
We?re going through wit h this.
孩子的嘴已经流血了。
The child?s mouth was already bleeding.
她的舌头破了，还在歇斯底里地大叫着。
Her tongue was cut and she was screaming in wild hysterical shrieks.
也许我应该停下来，过一个多小时再回来无疑这样会好一些。
Perhaps I should have desisted and come back in an hour or more. No doubt it would have been better.
但我已经看到至少两个孩子因为这种情况而被疏忽了，躺在床上死去，我感到我必须现在进行诊断，否则就再没有机会了。
But I have seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases, and feeling that I must get a diagnosis now or never I went at it again.
然而最糟糕的是，我也失去了理智，我本可以在盛怒之下将女孩的嘴扒开来享受其中的快乐，向她发起进攻真是一件乐事，我的脸也因此而发热。
But the worst of it was that I too had got beyond reason. I could have torn the child apart in my own fury and enjoyed it. It was a pleasure to attack her, my face was burning with it.
在这种时候，谁都会叮咛自己，无论这个可恶的小鬼做出任何愚蠢的举动，也要违背她的意愿来保护她。
The damned little brat must be protected against her own idiocy, one says to one?s self at such times.
这样做也是为了保护其他孩子，同时这也是一种社会需要，事实也确是如此。Others must be protected against her. It is a social necessity. And all these things are true.
然而由于释放体内能量的欲望而产生的一种盲目的无法控制的狂怒和一种成年人的羞耻感，使我一直坚持到最后。
But a blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release is the operatives. One goes on to the end.
在最后失去理性的“战斗”中，我控制了女孩的脖子和下巴，我强行将沉重
的银勺从她的牙后面伸到嗓子直到她作呕。
In the final unreasoning assault I overpowered the child?s neck any jaws. I forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged.
果然，两个扁桃体上有着一层膜状物。她勇敢地反抗就是为了不让我发现她的这个秘密，她至少隐瞒了3天嗓子疼，并对父母撒谎，都是为了逃避这样一个结果。And there it was – both tonsils covered with membrane. She had fought valiantly to keep me from knowing her secret. She had been hiding that sore throat for three days at least and lying to her parents in order to escape just such an outcome as this.
现在，她真的狂怒了，在这以前她一直处于守势，但是现在她开始进攻了。她想用力挣脱，从她爸爸推上跳下来，扑向我，但失败的眼泪模糊了她的双眼。
Now truly she was furious. She had been on the defensive before but now she attacked, Tried to get off her father?s lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded her eye.
○课后练习解答
A. Answer the following questions on the text:
1.Why wasn?t the sick child in bed?
Because it was damp there.
2.Why were the girl?s parents eyeing the doctor up and down distrustfully?
Because they were the new patients to him and they were nervous.
3.What made the girl refuse to open her mouth to the doctor?
She didn?t wa nt others to know that her tonsils were covered with membrane.
4.Why did the doctor insist on examining her throat?
Because the doctor took a trial shot that the girl might have diphtheria.
5.Why was the doctor not able to see her throat since he already had the wooden tongue depressor into her mouth?
Because she gripped the wooden blade between her molars and didn?t open her mouth to let the doctor have a look.
6. How did the doctor finally get see the girl?s throat?
The doctor overpowered the child?s neck and jaws, forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged.
7.Did the girl?s physical beauty have anything to do with the outcome of the incident? Explain.
Y es, it did. Because she was very beautiful and didn?t want othe rs to know her shortcomings. She thought tonsils covered with membrane were ugly.
8.Can you find any fault with the doctor?s behavior?
Y es. The doctor grasped the child?s head and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. He had grown furious at the child. He could have torn the child apart and enjoyed it.
B. Translate the following into Chinese:
1.When I arrived I was met by the mother, a big startled looking woman, very clean and apologetic who merely said, Is this the doctor? And let me in. 我到她家时先遇到她的母亲，她一副惊讶/害怕的表情。她穿着很干净，只是礼貌地说，您是医生吗？就让我进去了。
2.He tried to get up, but I motioned for him not to bother, took off my overcoat and
started to look things over. 他试图站起来，我示意他不要麻烦,脱去外套，开始检查。
3.As often, in such cases, they weren?t telling me more t han they had to, it was up to me to tell them. 像往常一样，在这种情况下，他们不会告诉我更多的情况，而是理应由我来告诉他们。
4.I smiled in my best professional manner and asking for the child?s first name I said, come on, Mathilda, …我尽量露出我的职业微笑，询问小女孩的名字。我说，过来，玛蒂尔……
5.At that I ground my teeth i n disgust. If only they wouldn?t use the word “hurt “I might be able to get somewhere. 此时我已厌恶地咬牙切齿,要不是他们使用“伤害”这个词，我可能早就采取行动了。
6.In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me. 在接下来的斗争中，他们变得越来越可怜，被制服,甚至精疲力竭，而小女孩由于害怕我而产生的狂怒却达到了顶点。
7.…she opened up for an instant but before I could see any thing she came down again and gripped the wooden blade between her molars she reduced it to splinters before I could get it out again. 她的嘴张开了一下，我还没有来的及看清楚，她又闭上了嘴，紧紧地用臼齿咬住木刃。我还没有来的及将它拔出,,她已把它咬成了碎片。
8.The damned little brat must be protected against her own idiocy, one says to one?s self at such times.那个可恶的小家伙很愚蠢，但我应当保护她，此时我对自己这样说。
B. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its form when necessary:
apologetic/ motion/ apprehension担心/ distrustful/ profusion/ admonish/ terrifying/ coax/ contemptible/ ensue/ desist/ overpower
1.They heard of the traffic accident and immediately rushed to the hospital, full of (apprehensions) about the safety of the passengers.由于担心乘客的安全，他们听说出了交通事故，马上跑到医院。
2.The (terrifying) explosion occurred early in the morning.令人恐怖的爆炸发生在早晨。
3.As he entered the newly decorated building, an (overpowering) smell of paint made him feel quite sick.当他走进新装修的大楼时，一股极大的油漆味使他非常恶心。
4.The old man yelled over and over again “stop thief, stop thief!” But nobody did anything. The indifference of the onlookers was really (contemptible).老人一遍又一遍地喊：“抓小偷，抓小偷！”但是没有人采取行动。旁观者的这种冷漠令人鄙视。
5.The police (motioned) for the crowd to move on to the next street.警察示意人群继续向另一条街道走。
6.In Kunming, flowers grow in great (profusion) all the year round.在昆明，一年四季大量鲜花盛开。
7.The fans shouted and clapped so loudly that in the (ensuing) confusion nobody could hear a thing.歌迷们大叫，大声鼓掌，在接下来的一片混乱中，什么也听不到了。
8.The boys were frightened, but the police managed to (coax) them into telling him what they had seen that night.男孩们被吓坏了，但警察成功地哄劝他们讲出了那天晚上看到的一切。
A. Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences:
1.The girl looked at the doctor (terrifyingly, terrified√).女孩害怕的盯着医生。
2.“If you finish all the homework tonight, we?ll go for a picnic tomorrow, “ he (admonished, coaxed√).“如果你今晚完成作业，我们明天去野餐。”他哄劝道。
3.He thought their behavior was (contemptuous, contemptible√), but he didn?t say anything in front of the host.他认为他们的行为很卑劣，但在主人面前什么也没有说。
4.Summoned by the boss, he approached his office full of (apprehension√, distrust).老板叫他，他满腹忧虑地走进他的办公室。
5.He was sincerely sorry for what happened at the party, so people accepted his (excuse, apology√).对于宴会上发生的一切，他真心表示后悔，所以人们接受了他的道歉。
6.They were walking in the forest when they heard a (terrifying√, terrific) roar which made their blood freeze.他们走在森林中，突然听到一声可怕的叫声，吓得他们血都凝固了似的。
7.Obviously they were getting nowhere with the meeting, so he decided to (desist√, resist) from making a final decision that afternoon.很明显会议没有任何进展，所以他决定那天下午不做任何最后决策。
8.“How can you say that you don?t want to see your grandmother?” The father (admonished√, coaxed).“你怎么敢说你不想见你祖母？”他爸爸告诫道。
E. Explain the underlined words in English:
1…very clean and (apologetic)…
polite
2…(it was up to me) to tell them; …
It was my duty …
3.And (there?s been a lot of sickness around).
There has been a lot of sick people near our home.
4.(Nothing doing).
She did nothing. There was no action.
5.I are here to look at her throat (on the chance) that she might have diphtheria …probably , possibly
6. (We?re going through with this).
We?ll continue to the end.
7…I too (had got beyond reason).
became unreasonable
8.My face was burning with (it).
pleasure and enjoyment
F. Translate the following into English:
玛蒂尔达病了三天了，母亲给她吃了药也不见好，只好请来了医生。由于玛蒂尔达的学校里有学生患白喉，而且已经有两个孩子死去，医生到奥尔逊家后首
先要检查玛蒂尔达的喉咙。但是无论怎么劝，她就是不肯张开嘴，于是医生只得用压舌板伸进她的嘴里。然而玛蒂尔达竟然把压舌板咬碎了。为了保护玛蒂尔达本人及其他的儿童，医生必须弄清玛蒂尔达是否患了白喉，以便给予及时的治疗。于是他让玛蒂尔达的父亲抓紧她的手腕，自己用力掰开了玛蒂尔达的嘴，发现她果然得了白喉。这个故事使我们想到这样一个问题，生活中有的事不能全靠自愿，在有的情况下，一定的强迫似乎是必要的。
Mathilda had been ill for three days. Her mother had given her some medicine, but it didn?t do any good. So they had to ask the doctor to come. There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda School and two of them had been dead. When t he doctor arrived at Olson?s home, he wanted to examine Mathilda throat first. But no matter how he coaxed, She wouldn?t open her mouth. So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth. But Mathilda reduced it to splinters. In order to protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor had to make sure whether she had diphtheria or not, so that he could treat her in time. Letting Mathilda …s father hold her wrists he tried his best to open her mouth and found she really had diphtheria. Thi s story made us can think such a question that something in life can?t only depend on self-willingness. Under some circumstances, certain force seems necessary.
G. Write a short passage of 150-200words in English on the topic“Comment on the Doctor?s Behavior. “Y ou should cover the following points:
1.Why he wanted to examine the girl?s throat;
2.how he tried to coax her to open her mouth;
3.what made him decide to use force to see her throat?
4.your opinion of the doctor?s behavior.
Comment on the Doctor?s Behavior
After the doctor arrived at the girl?s home, he wanted to see her throat. As there had been a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which the girl went during that month, the doctor also thought that of the girl. So he smiled to the girl and asked her to open her mouth and let him have a look at her throat. No matter how the doctor coaxed, the girl shut her mouth firmly.
Thinking that the girl might have diphtheria and possibly die of it, the doctor decided to use force to open her mouth. He had seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases. He felt that he must get a diagnosis now. So he grasped the girl?s head with his left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. But when the doctor got the wooden spatula behind her last teeth. She gripped the blade between her molars and reduced it to splinters. In the final unreasoning assault the doctor outer powered the girl. He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. Her both tonsils were covered with membrane.
From that the doctor had done, I thought he was a responsible person. In order to save the lives of the patients, especially those children who did not know how to co-operate with the doctor, he had to take some measure. Otherwise a good or suitable time of treatment would be missed.
○词组摘要
※辨析contemptible /contemptuous
contemptible 卑鄙的，不齿的，可轻视的。e.g. a contemptible peasant 一个卑微的农夫。
contemptuous 轻蔑的，傲慢的。e.g. a contemptuous lawyer 一个傲慢的律师。
※be up to sb.该由……，轮到……。如：be entirely up to sb. 完全该由某人来做。
e.g. It is entirely up to us to give them all the help we can.我们完全有责任全力帮助他们。
※on the chance这是一固定搭配，用作副词成分，意为“期待，指望”，其后既可跟of 引导的doing名词性短语，也可用that引导的从句，从句常用might引起的虚拟形式。e.g. I vainly went there on the chance I might see him.我去那儿是指望能看到他，但却枉然。
※ground one's teeth 为grind one's teeth的过去式，意思为咬牙、磨牙。e.g. The boy tightly ground his teeth and refused any food.这个男孩紧咬着牙，拒绝吃任何食物。※go through with sth means to continue to do something till the end将某事继续干下去，直到结束。e.g. They went through with the work till the midnight.他们一直干深夜才结束。
※I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure. (6)一开始我就猜测问题出在哪。“take a trial shot ”means“to make guess”,猜测，注意该词组后跟介词“at”。“as a point of departure”means“as a staring point”，一开始。
※But a blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release are the operatives. (32)
但是想征服她后休息的目的不能达到而造成的愤怒和一种成人的羞耻感，是促使我这样做的主要因素。“a blind fury ”means“an unreasonable and uncontrolled fury ”，意思为：无法理喻和不能控制的愤怒。
※Perhaps I should have desisted and come back in an hour or more. No doubt it would have been better.(31)这两个句子都使用了虚拟语气。“情态动词could, would,
need, might, ought to, should+完成式动词短语，表示过去想做而未实现的动作。
e.g. Y ou could have finished the work yesterday.你本可以昨天就完成这项工作。
○考点精析
# a big starled looking woman
startle v. give a shock of surprise 使吃惊, 使惊愕e.g.: She was startled to see him looking so sad 看到他这么悲伤,使她大为吃惊.
# V ery clean and apologetic who merely said
apologetic adj. expressing regret 道歉的, 表示歉意的e.g.: He was apologetic for coming late.他由于迟到表示歉意.
apologize v. say one is sorry 道歉e.g.: I apologized for stepping on her foot. 我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉.
apology n. statement of being impolite 道歉,谢罪e.g. : Please accept my apologies. 请接受我的道歉.
# eyeing me up and down distrustfully
eye n. organ of sight 眼睛e.g.: Her children have blue eyes . 她的孩子的眼睛是蓝色的.
v. observe , watch 观看e.g.: He was eyeing me jealously . 他正妒嫉地看着我.
# But i did not allow myself to be hurried or disturbed but speaking quietly and slowly
I approached the child again.
approach v. come near 接近e.g.: As summer approached , the weather became hotter . 因为夏天渐近，天气变得热了。
n. way , method 方法e.g.: this is the best approach to solve the problem. 这是解决问题的最好方法.
# Both the mother and father almost turned themselves inside out in embarrassment and apology .
embarrassment n. embarrassing or being embarrassed 窘迫,难堪e.g.: John suffered much embarrassment. 约翰饱经窘迫。
embarrass v. cause to feel awkward 使难堪e.g.: She was embarrassed by what he said to her . 他的话使她很尴尬。
embarrassing adj. 令人难堪的e.g.: This is an embarrassing situation. 这是一个令人难堪的境地。
# The mother admonished her severely.
admonish v. warn or advise 告诫,劝告e.g.: We admonished him to seek professional help.我们劝他向专业人士求助。
# The parents were contemptible to me.
contemptible adj. deserving or provoking contempt 可鄙的, 卑劣的e.g.: That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend.用那种手段欺骗朋友是可鄙的。contemptuous adj. showing contempt 表示轻蔑的, 蔑视的e.g.: She is contemptuous of my humble home. 她看不起我家居简陋。
contempt n. mental attitude of despising 轻视,蔑视e.g.: I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.我蔑视这种不诚实的行为。
# In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted.
ensue v. happen later 继而发生e.g.: They said the building would be finished during the ensuing year. 他们说此大楼来年完工。
# While the mother moved back and forth behind us raising and lowering her hands in an agony of apprehension.
apprehension n. fear, unhappy feeling of future. 恐惧,忧虑e.g.: She felt apprehension for the safety of her son. 她为儿子的安全感到忧虑。
apprehend v. fear 忧虑,恐惧e.g.: Do you apprehend any difficulty? 你怕有困难吗？
apprehensive adj. worried 忧虑的e.g.: He is apprehensive of further defeats. 他担心再失败。
# But now I also had grown furious ---at a child.
furious adj. violent, angry in an uncontrolled way 猛烈的, 狂怒的e.g.: He will be furious with us if we are late. 如果我们迟到,他会很生气的。
fury n. great anger 愤怒e.g.: She couldn't speak for fury.她愤怒得说不出话来。
○难句详解
@ but I motioned for him not to bother
motion : indicate by a gesture 示意eg:1. The teacher motioned to me to enter the classroom.老师示意我进教室。2.She motioned to me to come nearer. 她示意我再走近一些。
@ It was up to me to tell them.
up to me : my duty 有责任，有义务e.g.: 1.It is up to the students to study hard. 学生理应努力学习。2.It is up to us to give them all the help we can. 我们理应竭尽所能给他们以帮助。
@ She had magnificent blonde hair, in profusion.
in profusion : in great supply , abundance 大量e.g. : 1. The roses in the garden grow in profusion. 花园里的玫瑰花大量盛开。2. He makes promises in profusion, but never realizes them.他做过许多许诺，但从未实现。
@ If only they wouldn't use the word " hurt ".
if only 引起的惊叹句后边用虚拟语气, 从句动词使用相当于陈述语气的过去时态或过去将来时态。e.g.: 1. If only i had listened to your advice. 我要是听了你的建议就好了。2. If only the letter had arrived in time. 信要及时到了就好了。
@ For heaven's sake, I broke in.
break in : enter by force , interrupt 插入, 闯入e.g.: 1. Please don't break in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话。2. Thieves broke in his house last week. 小偷上周进入他的房子行窃。
@ and possibly die of it
die of :死于疾病/饥饿/悲伤die from : 死于其他原因e.g.: 1. In the old time many people died of hunger. 过去有许多人由于饥饿而死亡。
2. The soldier died from a wound. 士兵由于受伤不治而死。
@ Insane fury of effort bred her terror of me.
bred : P.P of " breed " , be the cause of 造成
eg: 1. War breeds misery and ruin. 战争造成苦难与灾害。
2.Waste gas of cars breeds? air pollution. 汽车的尾气造成空气污染。
@ I tried to hold my self down.
hold down : control , keep down or under 控制e.g.: 1. We must hold prices down. 我们必须控制物价。2. Slave owners held slaves down before the emancipation.奴隶获得解放之前受奴隶主的压迫。
@ she reduced it to splinters .
reduce to : Change to , bring to certain condition 变成e.g.: 1. He has been reduced almost to skeleton. 他瘦得几乎变成了一个骨头架子。2. The teacher reduced the noisy students to order. 老师使吵闹的学生恢复秩序。
初中语文古文赏析曹操《短歌行》赏析(林庚)
教育资料 《短歌行》 《短歌行》赏析(林庚) 曹操这一首《短歌行》是建安时代杰出的名作，它代表着人生的两面，一方面是人生的忧患，一方面是人生的欢乐。而所谓两面也就是人生的全面。整个的人生中自然含有一个生活的态度，这就具体地表现在成为《楚辞》与《诗经》传统的产儿。它一方面不失为《楚辞》中永恒的追求，一方面不失为一个平实的生活表现，因而也就为建安诗坛铺平了道路。 这首诗从“对酒当歌，人生几何”到“但为君故，沉吟至今”，充分表现着《楚辞》里的哀怨。一方面是人生的无常，一方面是永恒的渴望。而“呦呦鹿鸣”以下四句却是尽情的欢乐。你不晓得何以由哀怨这一端忽然会走到欢乐那一端去，转折得天衣无缝，仿佛本来就该是这么一回事似的。这才是真正的人生的感受。这一段如是，下一段也如是。“明明如月，何时可掇?忧从中来，不可断绝。越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈宴，心念旧恩。月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依。”缠绵的情调，把你又带回更深的哀怨中去。但“山不厌高，海不厌深”，终于走入“周公吐哺，天下归心”的结论。上下两段是一个章法，但是你并不觉得重复，你只觉得卷在悲哀与欢乐的旋涡中，不知道什么时候悲哀没有了，变成欢乐，也不知道什么时候欢乐没有了，又变成悲哀，这岂不是一个整个的人生吗?把整个的人生表现在一个刹那的感觉上，又都归于一个最实在的生活上。“我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙”，不正是当时的情景吗?“周公吐哺，天下归心”，不正是当时的信心吗? “青青子衿”到“鼓瑟吹笙”两段连贯之妙，古今无二。《诗经》中现成的句法一变而有了《楚辞》的精神，全在“沉吟至今”的点窜，那是“青青子衿”的更深的解释，《诗经》与《楚辞》因此才有了更深的默契，从《楚辞》又回到《诗经》，这样与《鹿鸣》之诗乃打成一片，这是一个完满的行程，也便是人生旅程的意义。“月明星稀”何以会变成“山不厌高，海不厌深”?几乎更不可解。莫非由于“明月出天山”，“海上生明月”吗?古辞说：“枯桑知天风，海水知天寒”，枯桑何以知天风，因为它高；海水何以知天寒，因为它深。唐人诗“一叶落知天下秋”，我们对于宇宙万有正应该有一个“知”字。然则既然是山，岂可不高?既然是海，岂可不深呢?“并刀如水，吴盐胜雪”，既是刀，就应该雪亮；既是盐，就应该雪白，那么就不必问山与海了。 山海之情，成为漫漫旅程的归宿，这不但是乌鹊南飞，且成为人生的思慕。山既尽其高，海既尽其深。人在其中乃有一颗赤子的心。孟子主尽性，因此养成他浩然之气。天下所以归心，我们乃不觉得是一个夸张。 .
#基于单片机的多功能电子万年历设计
引言 随着生活节奏的日益加快，人们的时间观也越来越重，同时对电子钟表、日历的需求也随之提高。因此，研究实用电子时钟及其扩展使用，有着非常现实的意义，具有很大的实用价值。 本系统程序由主程序、中断服务函数和多个子函数构成。主函数主要完成各子函数和中断函数的初始化。定时中断函数主要完成时钟芯片的定时扫描及键盘扫描。时钟芯片的读写函数主要是将时间、日历信息读出来，并把要修改具体值写入时钟芯片内部。 系统的硬件设计和电路原理 电路设计框图 系统硬件概述 本电路是由AT89S52单片机为控制核心，具有在线编程功能、低功耗、能在3V的超低压工作。时钟电路由DS1302提供，它是一种高性能、低功耗、带RAM的实时时钟电路，它可以对年、月、日、周日、时、分、秒进行计时，工作电压为2.5V～5.5V。采用三线接口和CPU进行同步通信，并可采用突发方式一次传送多个字节的时钟信号或RAM数据。DS1302内部有一个31×8的用于临时性存放数据的RAM寄存器。可产生年、月、日、周日、时、分、秒，具有使用寿命长、精度高和低功耗等特点，同时具有掉电自动保存功能。 主控制模块 单片机主控制模块的设计 AT89S52单片机为40引脚双列直插芯片，有四个I/O口P0，P1，P2，P3，MCS-51单片机共有4个8位的I/O口（P0、P1、P2、P3），每一条I/O线都能独立地作输出或输入。 时钟电路模块 时钟电路模块的设计 DS1302的引脚排列如图3所示，其中Vcc1为后备电源，Vcc2为主电源。在主电源关闭的情况下，也能保持时钟的连续运行。DS1302由Vcc1或Vcc2两者中的较大者供电。当Vcc2大于Vcc1+0.2V时，Vcc2给DS1302供电；当Vcc2小于Vcc1时，DS1302由Vcc1供电。X1和X2是振荡源，外接32.768KHz晶振。RST是复位/片选线，通过把RST输入驱动置高电平来启动所有的数据传送。RST输入有两种功能：首先，RST接通控制逻辑，允许地址/命令序列送入移位寄存器；其次，RST提供终止单字节或多字节数据的传送手段。
The use of force
孩子。 Does your throat hurt you? Added the mother to the child. 女孩的表情没有任何变化，而她的目光却一直没有从我的脸上移开。 But the little girl’s expression didn’t change nor did she move her eyes from my face. 你看过她的嗓子了吗？ Have you looked? 我想看，孩子的母亲说，但看不见。 I tried to, said the mother but II couldn’t see. 这个月碰巧她上学的那个学校已经有好几例白喉病。虽然到目前为止没有人说出这件事，但很显然，我们心里都想到了。 As it happens we had been having a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which this child went during that month and we were all, quite apparently, thinking of that, though no one had as yet spoken of the thing. 好了，我说，我们先看看嗓子吧。 Well, I said, suppose we take a look at the throat first. 我以医生特有的职业方式微笑着，叫着孩子的名字。我说，来吧，玛蒂尔达，张开嘴，让我看一下你的嗓子。 I smiled in my best professional manner and asking for the child’s first name I said, come on, Mathilda, open your mouth and let’s take a look at your throat.没有任何反应。 Nothing doing. 哦，来吧，我劝道，张大你的嘴，让我看看。看，我说着把两只手伸开，我的手里没有东西，张大嘴，让我看看。 Aw, come on, I coaxed, just open your mouth wide and let me take a look. Look, I said opening both hands wide, I haven’t anything in my hands. Just open up and let me see.
高中语文文言文曹操《短歌行(对酒当歌)》原文、翻译、赏析
曹操《短歌行【对酒当歌】》原文、翻译、赏析译文 原文 面对美酒应该高歌，人生短促日月如梭。对酒当歌，人生几何？ 好比晨露转瞬即逝，失去的时日实在太多！譬如朝露，去日苦多。 席上歌声激昂慷慨，忧郁长久填满心窝。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。 靠什么来排解忧闷？唯有狂饮方可解脱。何以解忧？唯有杜康。 那穿着青领（周代学士的服装）的学子哟，你们令我朝夕思慕。青青子衿，悠悠我心。 正是因为你们的缘故，我一直低唱着《子衿》歌。但为君故，沉吟至今。 阳光下鹿群呦呦欢鸣，悠然自得啃食在绿坡。呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。 一旦四方贤才光临舍下，我将奏瑟吹笙宴请宾客。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。 当空悬挂的皓月哟，你运转着，永不停止；明明如月，何时可掇？ 我久蓄于怀的忧愤哟，突然喷涌而出汇成长河。忧从中来，不可断绝。 远方宾客踏着田间小路，一个个屈驾前来探望我。越陌度阡，枉用相存。 彼此久别重逢谈心宴饮，争着将往日的情谊诉说。契阔谈讌，心念旧恩。 明月升起，星星闪烁，一群寻巢乌鹊向南飞去。月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。 绕树飞了三周却没敛绕树三匝，何枝
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聚合诸侯捍卫中原，匡正天下功业千秋。号令诸侯以匡周室，主要靠的不是 武力。 行为磊落不欺诈，美德流传于身后。孔子赞美齐桓公，也称赞管仲。 百姓深受恩惠，天子赐肉与桓公，命其无拜来接受。桓公称小白不敢，天子 威严就在咫尺前。 晋文公继承来称霸，亲身尊奉周天王。周天子赏赐丰厚，仪式隆重。 接受玉器和美酒，弓矢武士三百名。晋文公声望镇诸侯，从其风者受尊重。 威名八方全传遍，名声仅次于齐桓公。佯称周王巡狩，招其天子到河阳，因 此大众议论纷纷。 赏析 《短歌行》 (“周西伯昌”)主要是曹操向内外臣僚及天下表明心 迹，当他翦灭群凶之际，功高震主之时，正所谓“君子终日乾乾，夕惕若 厉”者，但东吴孙权却瞅准时机竟上表大说天命而称臣，意在促曹操代汉 而使其失去“挟天子以令诸侯”之号召， 故曹操机敏地认识到“ 是儿欲据吾著炉上郁!”故曹操运筹谋略而赋此《短歌行 ·周西伯 昌》。 西伯姬昌在纣朝三分天下有其二的大好形势下， 犹能奉事殷纣， 故孔子盛称 “周之德， 其可谓至德也已矣。 ”但纣王亲信崇侯虎仍不免在纣王前 还要谗毁文王，并拘系于羑里。曹操举此史实，意在表明自己正在克心效法先圣 西伯姬昌，并肯定他的所作所为，谨慎惕惧，向来无愧于献帝之所赏。 并大谈西伯姬昌、齐桓公、晋文公皆曾受命“专使征伐”。而当 今天下时势与当年的西伯、齐桓、晋文之际颇相类似，天子如命他“专使 征伐”以讨不臣，乃英明之举。但他亦效西伯之德，重齐桓之功，戒晋文 之诈。然故作谦恭之辞耳，又谁知岂无更讨封赏之意乎 ?不然建安十八年(公元 213 年)五月献帝下诏曰《册魏公九锡文》，其文曰“朕闻先王并建明德， 胙之以土，分之以民，崇其宠章，备其礼物，所以藩卫王室、左右厥世也。其在 周成，管、蔡不静，惩难念功，乃使邵康公赐齐太公履，东至于海，西至于河， 南至于穆陵，北至于无棣，五侯九伯，实得征之。 世祚太师，以表东海。爰及襄王，亦有楚人不供王职，又命晋文登为侯伯， 锡以二辂、虎贲、斧钺、禾巨 鬯、弓矢，大启南阳，世作盟主。故周室之不坏， 系二国是赖。”又“今以冀州之河东、河内、魏郡、赵国、中山、常 山，巨鹿、安平、甘陵、平原凡十郡，封君为魏公。锡君玄土，苴以白茅，爰契 尔龟。”又“加君九锡，其敬听朕命。” 观汉献帝下诏《册魏公九锡文》全篇，尽叙其功，以为其功高于伊、周，而 其奖却低于齐、晋，故赐爵赐土，又加九锡，奖励空前。但曹操被奖愈高，心内 愈忧。故曹操在曾早在五十六岁写的《让县自明本志令》中谓“或者人见 孤强盛， 又性不信天命之事， 恐私心相评， 言有不逊之志， 妄相忖度， 每用耿耿。
2008年浙师大《外国文学名著鉴赏》期末考试答案
（一）文学常识 一、古希腊罗马 1．（1）宙斯(罗马神话称为朱庇特)，希腊神话中最高的天神，掌管雷电云雨，是人和神的主宰。 （2）阿波罗，希腊神话中宙斯的儿子，主管光明、青春、音乐、诗歌等，常以手持弓箭的少年形象出现。 （3）雅典那，希腊神话中的智慧女神，雅典城邦的保护神。 （4）潘多拉，希腊神话中的第一个女人，貌美性诈。私自打开了宙斯送她的一只盒子，里面装的疾病、疯狂、罪恶、嫉妒等祸患，一齐飞出，只有希望留在盒底，人间因此充满灾难。“潘多拉的盒子”成为“祸灾的来源”的同义语。 （5）普罗米修斯，希腊神话中造福人间的神。盗取天火带到人间，并传授给人类多种手艺，触怒宙斯，被锁在高加索山崖，受神鹰啄食，是一个反抗强暴、不惜为人类牺牲一切的英雄。 （6）斯芬克司，希腊神话中的狮身女怪。常叫过路行人猜谜，猜不出即将行人杀害；后因谜底被俄底浦斯道破，即自杀。后常喻“谜”一样的人物。与埃及狮身人面像同名。 2．荷马，古希腊盲诗人。主要作品有《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，被称为荷马史诗。《伊利亚特》叙述十年特洛伊战争。《奥德赛》写特洛伊战争结束后，希腊英雄奥德赛历险回乡的故事。马克思称赞它“显示出永久的魅力”。 3．埃斯库罗斯，古希腊悲剧之父，代表作《被缚的普罗米修斯》。6．阿里斯托芬，古希腊“喜剧之父”代表作《阿卡奈人》。 4．索福克勒斯，古希腊重要悲剧作家，代表作《俄狄浦斯王》。5．欧里庇得斯，古希腊重要悲剧作家，代表作《美狄亚》。 二、中世纪文学 但丁，意大利人，伟大诗人，文艺复兴的先驱。恩格斯称他是“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。主要作品有叙事长诗《神曲》，由地狱、炼狱、天堂三部分组成。《神曲》以幻想形式，写但丁迷路，被人导引神游三界。在地狱中见到贪官污吏等受着惩罚，在净界中见到贪色贪财等较轻罪人，在天堂里见到殉道者等高贵的灵魂。 三、文艺复兴时期 1．薄迦丘意大利人短篇小说家，著有《十日谈》拉伯雷，法国人，著《巨人传》塞万提斯，西班牙人,著《堂?吉诃德》。 2．莎士比亚，16-17世纪文艺复兴时期英国伟大的剧作家和诗人，主要作品有四大悲剧——《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》《麦克白》、《李尔王》，另有悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等，喜剧有《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》等，历史剧有《理查二世》、《亨利四世》等。马克思称之为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。 四、17世纪古典主义 9．笛福，17-18世纪英国著名小说家，被誉为“英国和欧洲小说之父”，主要作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》，是英国第一部现实主义长篇小说。10．弥尔顿，17世纪英国诗人，代表作：长诗《失乐园》，《失乐园》，表现了资产阶级清教徒的革命理想和英雄气概。 25．拉伯雷，16世纪法国作家，代表作：长篇小说《巨人传》。 26．莫里哀，法国17世纪古典主义文学最重要的作家，法国古典主义喜剧的创建者，主要作品为《伪君子》《悭吝人》（主人公叫阿巴公）等喜剧。 五、18世纪启蒙运动 1）歌德，德国文学最高成就的代表者。主要作品有书信体小说《少年维特之烦恼》，诗剧《浮士德》。 11．斯威夫特，18世纪英国作家，代表作：《格列佛游记》，以荒诞的情节讽刺了英国现实。 12．亨利·菲尔丁，18世纪英国作家，代表作：《汤姆·琼斯》。 六、19世纪浪漫主义 （1拜伦， 19世纪初期英国伟大的浪漫主义诗人，代表作为诗体小说《唐璜》通过青年贵族唐璜的种种经历，抨击欧洲反动的封建势力。《恰尔德。哈洛尔游记》 （2雨果，伟大作家，欧洲19世纪浪漫主义文学最卓越的代表。主要作品有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》、《笑面人》、《九三年》等。《悲惨世界》写的是失业短工冉阿让因偷吃一片面包被抓进监狱，后改名换姓，当上企业主和市长，但终不能摆脱迫害的故事。《巴黎圣母院》 弃儿伽西莫多，在一个偶然的场合被副主教克洛德.孚罗洛收养为义子，长大后有让他当上了巴黎圣母院的敲钟人。他虽然十分丑陋而且有多种残疾，心灵却异常高尚纯洁。 长年流浪街头的波希米亚姑娘拉.爱斯梅拉达，能歌善舞，天真貌美而心地淳厚。青年贫诗人尔比埃尔.甘果瓦偶然同她相遇，并在一个更偶然的场合成了她名义上的丈夫。很有名望的副教主本来一向专心于"圣职"，忽然有一天欣赏到波希米亚姑娘的歌舞，忧千方百计要把她据为己有，对她进行了种种威胁甚至陷害，同时还为此不惜玩弄卑鄙手段，去欺骗利用他的义子伽西莫多和学生甘果瓦。眼看无论如何也实现不了占有爱斯梅拉达的罪恶企图，最后竟亲手把那可爱的少女送上了绞刑架。 另一方面，伽西莫多私下也爱慕着波希米亚姑娘。她遭到陷害，被伽西莫多巧计救出，在圣母院一间密室里避难，敲钟人用十分纯朴和真诚的感情去安慰她，保护她。当她再次处于危急中时，敲钟人为了援助她，表现出非凡的英勇和机智。而当他无意中发现自己的"义父"和"恩人"远望着高挂在绞刑架上的波希米亚姑娘而发出恶魔般的狞笑时，伽西莫多立即对那个伪善者下了最后的判决，亲手把克洛德.孚罗洛从高耸入云的钟塔上推下，使他摔的粉身碎骨。 （3司汤达，批判现实主义作家。代表作《红与黑》，写的是不满封建制度的平民青年于连，千方百计向上爬，最终被送上断头台的故事。“红”是将军服色，指“入军界”的道路；“黑”是主教服色，指当神父、主教的道路。 14．雪莱，19世纪积极浪漫主义诗人，欧洲文学史上最早歌颂空想社会主义的诗人之一，主要作品为诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》，抒情诗《西风颂》等。 15．托马斯·哈代，19世纪英国作家，代表作：长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》。 16．萨克雷，19世纪英国作家，代表作：《名利场》 17．盖斯凯尔夫人，19世纪英国作家，代表作：《玛丽·巴顿》。 18．夏洛蒂?勃朗特，19世纪英国女作家，代表作：长篇小说《简?爱》19艾米丽?勃朗特，19世纪英国女作家，夏洛蒂?勃朗特之妹，代表作：长篇小说《呼啸山庄》。 20．狄更斯，19世纪英国批判现实主义文学的重要代表，主要作品为长篇小说《大卫?科波菲尔》、《艰难时世》《双城记》《雾都孤儿》。21．柯南道尔，19世纪英国著名侦探小说家，代表作品侦探小说集《福尔摩斯探案》是世界上最著名的侦探小说。 七、19世纪现实主义 1、巴尔扎克，19世纪上半叶法国和欧洲批判现实主义文学的杰出代表。主要作品有《人间喜剧》，包括《高老头》、《欧也妮·葛朗台》、《贝姨》、《邦斯舅舅》等。《人间喜剧》是世界文学中规模最宏伟的创作之一，也是人类思维劳动最辉煌的成果之一。马克思称其“提供了一部法国社会特别是巴黎上流社会的卓越的现实主义历史”。
多功能电子万年历课程设计
课程设计(论文) 题目名称多功能电子万年历课程设计 课程名称单片机原理及应用 2012年6月18 日
摘要 本设计基于AT89C51单片机的多功能电子万年历的硬件结构和软硬件设计方法。系统以AT89C51单片机为控制器，以串行时钟日历芯片DS1302记录日历和时间，它可以对年、月、日、时、分、秒进行计时，还具有闰年补偿等多种功能。万年历采用直观的数字显示，可以在LED上同时显示年、月、日、周日、时、分、秒，还具有时间校准等功能。此万年历具有读取方便、显示直观、功能多样、电路简洁、成本低廉等诸多优点，具有广阔的市场前景。 关键词：AT89C51；电子万年历； DS1302
目录 1 绪论 (1) 1.1课题研究的背景 (1) 1.2课题的研究目的与意义 (1) 1.3课题解决的主要内容 (1) 2 系统的总体设计 (1) 2.1系统方案构思 (2) 2.2系统硬件框图 (2) 3 系统硬件的设计 (3) 3.1.1 器件的选用 (3) 3.1.2 AT89C51单片机 (3) 3.1.3单片机的选择 (6) 3.1.4 显示电路 (7) 3.1.5 ds1302时钟电路 (11) 4 系统软件的设计 (14) 4.1 算法设计、流程图、主程序 (14) 4.2 从1302读取日期和时间程序 (15) 5 系统仿真 (16) 5.1仿真环境PROTEUS (16) 5.2用PROTEUS ISIS对电子万年历的硬件电路设计 (16) 5.3用PROTEUS ISIS进行电子万年历的仿真测试 (20) 结论 (23) 致谢 (24) 参考文献 (25) 附录 (26) 附录1 (26)
The use of force
The use of force 大意: Mathilda had been ill for three days. Her mother had given her some medicine, but it didn’t do any good. So they had to ask the doctor to come. There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda School and two of them had been dead. When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home, he wanted to examine Mathilda throat first. But no matter how he coaxed, She wouldn’t open her mouth. So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth. But Mathilda reduced it to splinters. In orde r to protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor had to make sure whether she had diphtheria or not, so that he could treat her in time. Letting Mathilda‘s father hold her wrists he tried his best to open her mouth and found she really had diphtheria. This story made us can think such a question that something in life can’t only depend on self-willingness. Under some circumstances, certain force seems necessary. 对医生的评价:After the doctor arrived at the girl’s home, he wanted to see her throat. As there had been a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which the girl went during that month, the doctor also thought that of the girl. So he smiled to the girl and asked her to open her mouth and let him have a look at her throat. No matter how the doctor coaxed, the girl shut her mouth firmly. Thinking that the girl might have diphtheria and possibly die of it, the doctor decided to use force to open her mouth. He had seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases. He felt that he must get a diagnosis now. So he grasped the girl’s head with his left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. But when the doctor got the wooden spatula behind her last teeth. She gripped the blade between her molars and reduced it to splinters. In the final unreasoning assault the doctor outer powered the girl. He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. Her both tonsils were covered with membrane. From that the doctor had done, I thought he was a responsible person. In order to save the lives of the patients, especially those children who did not know how to co-operate with the doctor, he had to take some measure. Otherwise a good or suitable time of treatment would be missed. The doctor appears to be compassionate and keen to human behavior, characteristic of a good doctor, though he is also undeniably blunt and slightly prejudiced. 思想: Though there are reasons often justifiable, what compels the use of force against others isn't simply altruism alone. The overall theme of the story revolves around power and submission and the doctor's unnerved feeling following the forceful encounter. 作者如何写的: The story is narrated in first person by a doctor, who is answering a house visit to see a sick girl. Williams uses interior monologue as a "stream-of-consciousness" tool reflects the narrator's experience of dialogue and gives insight into the character and his appraisal of the situations he encounters. The story is written without the use of quotation marks, and the dialogue is not distinguished from the narrator's comments. The story is rendered from the subjective point of view of the doctor, and explores his subdued enjoyment of forcefully subduing the stubborn child in an attempt to acquire the throat sample.
外国名著赏析论文
题目：浅析从简爱到女性的尊严和爱 学院工商学院 专业新闻学3 学号 姓名闫万里 学科外国文学名着赏析 [摘要] 十九世纪中期，英国伟大的女性存在主义先驱，着名作家夏洛蒂勃朗特创作出了她的代表作--《简爱》，当时轰动了整个文坛,它是一部具有浓厚浪漫主义色彩的现实主义小说，被认为是作者"诗意的生平"的写照。它在问世后的一百多年里，它始终保持着历史不败的艺术感染力。直到现在它的影响还继续存在。在作品的序幕、发展、高潮和结尾中，女主人公的叛逆、自由、平等、自尊、纯洁的个性都是各个重点章节的主旨，而这些主旨则在女主人公的爱情观中被展露的淋漓尽致，它们如同乌云上方的星汉，灼灼闪耀着光芒，照亮着后来的女性者们追求爱情的道路。? [关键词] 自尊个性独特新女性主义自由独立平等 《简爱》是一部带有自转色彩的长篇小说，它阐释了这样一个主题：人的价值=尊严+爱。从小就成长在一个充满暴力的环境中的简爱，经历了同龄人没有的遭遇。她要面对的是舅妈的毫无人性的虐待，表兄的凶暴专横和表姐的傲慢冷漠，尽管她尽力想“竭力赢得别人的好感”，但是事实告诉她这都是白费力气的，因此她发出了“不公平啊！--不公平！”的近乎绝望的呼喊。不公平的生长环境，使得简爱从小就向往平等、自由和爱，这些愿望在她后来的成长过程中表现无疑，
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短歌行赏析介绍
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外国文学名著赏析
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电子万年历设计
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