高考英语 重难点语法讲解-独立主格结构

高中语法——独立主格结构

独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

一、独立主格结构的构成形式

1、逻辑主语+V-ing

这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：

(1). Such being the case, I couldn’t help but support him.

(2). Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper following it closely.

(3). Weather permitting, they decided to go for an outing.

(4). There being no buses, we had to walk home after work yesterday.

(5). The thief fell to the ground, his left foot broken and blood running down from his mouth.

(6). Time permitting, we could have done it better.

(7). It being noisy, she couldn’t make herself heard clearly.

(8). It being too late, he couldn’t find himself any taxis.

(9). It being fine, we will go climbing.

(10). The Green’s has been broken into th ree times, each resulting in their great loss.

(11)The thieves ran away separately, each carrying a bag.

1. __________no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There being

B. Being

C. Having been

D. There was

2. _______no bus, we had to walk home.

A. As there being

B. As there was

C. Being

D. There

was

3. _______Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A. Being

B. There being

C. It being

D. Having been

4. ______Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A. As it being

B. Being

C. It is

D. As it is

2、逻辑主语+V-ed

该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：

(1). His eyes still fixed on the map, he did some serious thinking.

(2). The boy stood at the table, his eyes fixed on the food in the plate.

(3). The job finished, we went home straight away.

(4). The sum added, we will have enough money for the trip.

(5). The actress looked pure and fresh, dressed in a white shirt and army trousers, her hair done up in pigtails.

1. _________, the train started.

A. The signal given

B. Giving the signal

C. The signal being given

D. The signal giving

2. __________, the train started.

A. After having given the signal

B. After the signal given

C. Giving the signal

D. After the signal was given

3. _________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. Explaining new words

B. New words explained

C. Being explained new words

D. Having explained new words

4. ______________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. When new words were explained

B. Explaining new words

C. New words explaining

D. Being explained new words

3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）

该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：

(1). He entered the room, his nose red with colD.

(2). He sat in the front row,his mouth half open.

(3). Dinner over, we decided to play bridge.

(4). Father away, he played games with his friends.

1. ___________, the patient can leave the hospital.

A. Better conditions

B. Conditions better

C. Conditions are better

D. Being better conditions

2. _________, the patient can leave the hospital.

A. If better conditions

B. If conditions better

C. If conditions are better

D. Being better conditions

3. ________, we’d like to go outing.

A. Being Sunday

B. Sunday OK

C. Sunday is OK

D. If Sunday OK

4. ___________, we’d like to go outing.

A. If Sunday is OK

B. Sunday being OK

C. Sunday OK

D. A,B and C

5. _________, you can wait a while.

A. The play being still on

B. The play still on C Being still on the play D. A and B

6. _________, so you can wait a while

A. The play is still on

B. The play being still on

C. As the play is still on

D. The play still on

4、逻辑主语+介词短语

该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：

(1). ---Can I help you?

---I’d like to buy a presend for my father’s birthday, one at a proper

price but of great value.

(2). In half an hour Delia came, her right hand in bandage.

(3). Book in hand, Mr Smith came in.

(4). Gun on shoulder, the soldiers are marching on.

1. The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.

A. a sword in hand

B. a sword in his hand

C. being a sword in hand

D. sword in hand

2. The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.

A. with a sword in his hand

B. with a sword in hand

C. with a sword being in hand

D. a sword being in hand

3. He left the office, __________.

A. tears being in eyes

B. tears in eyes

C. being tears in eyes

D. with tears being in eyes

4. He left the office __________.

A. with tears being in eyes

B. with tears in his eyes

C. being tears in eyes

D. tears being in eyes

5、逻辑主语+名词

(1). A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400

Cambodians, most of them ( being ) women. 独立主格结构

, and most of them are women. 并列句

; most of them are women. 并列句

, most of whom are women. 定语从句

(2). The doctor has two daughters, one a nurse, the other an engineer.

二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：

1、原因状语

该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

1). ________ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There being

B. As there was

C. There was

D. A and B

2). _________Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A. It being

B. As it is

C. Being

D. A and B

3). ____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.

A. Mother being ill

B. Mother ill

C. As mother was ill

D. A,B and C

4). ____________, we have to work late into the night.

A. The exam near

B. The exam being near

C. As the exam is near

D. A,B and C

2、时间状语

独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when, as soon as, after等引导的时间状语从句。如：

1). __________, the train started.

A. The signal given

B. After the signal was given

C. Given the signal

D. A and B

2). __________, the text became easier for us to learn.

A. New words explained

B. When new words were explained

C. When teacher explained new words

D. all above

3、条件状语

独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：

1). ___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.

A. Weather permitting

B. If weather permits

C. If permitting

D. A and B

2). _________, the patient will recover himself soon.

A. If the treatment is in time

B. The treatment in time

C. The treatment being in time

D. A,B and C

4、伴随状语

独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：

1). We have lessons every day, ___________.

A. Sunday included

B. Sunday including

C. Sunday is including

D. all the above

2). The boy fell asleep,___________.

A. cap on head

B. with a cap on head

C. a cap was on head

D. all the above

3). Father came home,_________

A. a dog following him

B. a dog followed him

C. being followed by a dog

D. all the above

with + 复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法

“with + 复合宾语”结构是指“with +宾语（名词或代词）+形容词或副词、非谓语动词（分词、不定式）等”所构成的一种介词短语。

He likes to sleep with the door open.

The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery.

With production up by 60%, The company has had another excellent year.

The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down.

It was quiet night, with the moon high up in the sky.

The woman walked along the river with his head down.

She said it with tears in her eyes.

He sat there thinking with his chin on his hand.

With tears of joy in her eyes, she saw her daughter married.

The soldier stood guard with a rifle in his hand.

It being hot last summer, he slept with the windows open at night.

She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion.

He died with his daughter yet a school girl.

She stood there chatting with her friends, with her daughter playing

beside her.

He sat there alone, with tears streaming down his cheeks.

With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social life.

With other conditions being equal, the pressure remains constant.

Without anyone noticing, he slipped out of the room.

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

With his wallet stolen, Mr Hill dare not return home to face his wife.

With all she needed bought, she left the supermarket happily.

She listened to the music of Mozart With her face bathed in tears.

I sat in my room for a few evenings, with my eyes glued to a book.

You can use a large plastic bottle, with its top cut off, as a pot to grow young plants in.

The hero walked towards the top of the hill, with his arms tied behind himself.

He can’t go to see the film with a lot of work to do.

With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed.

With ten minutes to go, you’d better hurry.

该结构内部若是动词，则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点：若内部动词表示将来（无论主动还是被动），则用不定式；若内部动词表示被动且属过去，则用过去分词；若内部动词表示持续主动动作，则用现在分词。该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分：

1、原因状语

1. With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.

A. to guide

B. guiding

C. guided

D. to have guide

2. With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest.

A. to do

B. to be done

C. doing

D. done

3. With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in

time.

A. to work

B. worked

C. working

D. being working

2、时间状语

1. The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.

A. are on

B. on

C. to be on

D. been on

2. With our problem ________, we all felt happy.

A. to settle

B. to be settled

C. settled

D. being settled

3. With his work______, the secretary began to walk home.

A. to do

B. doing

C. done

D. to be done

3、伴随状语

1. She left the offices with tears ________.

A. in her eyes

B. in eyes

C. being in eyes

D. to be in eyes

2. The man found the door with both his eyes ______.

A. to be closed

B. being closed

C. closed

D. closing

3. We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.

A. standing by

B. to be standing by

C. stood by

D. being standing by

4. The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.

A. to be tied behind

B. tied behind

C. tying behind

D. being tied behind

5. You can’t see well ________.

A. with the glasses on

B. being on the glasses

C. with the glasses to be on

D. with the glasses

4、后置定语

1. Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand?

A. with

B. having

C. being

D. A and B

2. Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.

A. carrying

B. having

C. with

D. all the above

高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.

独立主格结构 一、概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 二、独立主格的特点

【注意】 1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 三、独立主格结构的用法。 一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。 “名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常 作原因状语，有时做条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.

由于很多作业要做，我只好待在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 如此多的孩子要照顾，这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。 2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式的句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就 是不正确的。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在 动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构， 逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系，是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作 时逻辑主语发出的动作。 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，每个人就像在干两个人的活。 The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path. 总督思考这个问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. 在向导的带领下，我们轻松地走出了森林。 3.过去分词形式的独立主格 过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。逻辑主 语与动词之间为动宾关系，它是分词的动作承受者，这一结构在句中作 时间状语，原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 This done, we went home.做完这个，我们就回家了。 All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄用完后，我们都开始找工作。 More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance. 如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们能提前完成这个工作。 五、其他形式的独立主格结构

英语语法——独立主格

英语语法——独立主格 一、独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的形式 英语中，独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。 1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。如： A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。 2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。如： The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。 3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。如： His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。 4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。如： The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。如： The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。 6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。如： Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1. 作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。

高考英语语法必考知识点

名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。

3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构

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英语语法——独立主格

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高考英语语法知识点总结

专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

高中英语语法(8)-独立主格结构

第八章独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和to help you 之间存在着主谓关系） = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”） = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost） = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A．不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 1．动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.） ——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ ——sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time. 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。 （＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.） The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 （＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

必考英语语法——独立主格

2016年必考英语语法——独立主格 1.独立主格与状语从句的转换 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如： Afterclasswasover（=Classbeingover/Classover），thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。 2.不能省略being（havingbeen）的情形 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略： （1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。如： ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。 （2）在Therebeing+名词的结构中。如： Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。 3.通常不用物主代词或冠词 在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。 比较with的复合结构：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.

4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式 Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。 比较动名词复合结构： Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised. 5.独立主格的时态问题 独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如： Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。 Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。

高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结构.doc

2019高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结 构 withwithout 引导的独立主格结构 介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 A.with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn誸like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。 = He doesn誸like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。 = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意： 在”with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。 With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。 With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study. 父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。 B.with+名词代词+副词 Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。 = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C.with+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。 = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。 = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth. D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。 = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了，火车开始起动了。 = After the signal was given, the train started. I wouldn誸dare go home without the job finished. 工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

考研英语语法长难句讲义-简单句并列句【】

考研英语：语法长难句

目录 第一课奋斗的开始-简单句 (3) 一什么是英语句子？ (3) 二英语句子的基本结构 (3) 三句子的成分 (4) 四简单句的考点分析 (6) 第二课难点稍露尖尖角并列句 (9) 一什么是并列句？ (9) 二并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词 (9) 三并列句的考点分析 (9)

第一课奋斗的开始-简单句一什么是英语句子？ 英汉句法结构的差异 举例： ?北京机场就要到了。 ?我要去剪头。 二英语句子的基本结构 1.主谓 2.主谓宾 谓语：实义动词 3.主谓表 谓语：系动词 系动词主要分为以下六类： ?be ?感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel ?变化：become, get, turn, grow, fall ?保持：keep, stay, remain, stand ?表象：seem, appear

?终止：prove 4.主谓双宾 5.主谓宾宾补 举例： ?I bought him a dog. ?You should keep the room clean and tidy. ?We made him our monitor. ?His father told him not to play in the street. 三句子的成分 1.谓语 1）谓语的成分： 举例： ?Your mother must very beautiful. 2）动词能不能多？ 举例 ?Laugh at others is my hobby. ?I enjoy see movies. ?My dream is become a rich lady. 练习 ?他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。 ?大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。 ?长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。 ?我爱你，你爱我。 ?冬天来了，春天就不远了。

高考英语语法：独立主格

高考英语语法：独立主格 一.构成: n / pron.+ 不定式/ 现在分词/过去分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语. 其中前一部分是后一部分的逻辑主语 二.用法: 独立主格结构通常用逗号与主句隔开, 位置比较灵活, 主要用于书面语, 特别是文学体裁, 在口语中较为罕见. 独立主格结构在句中通常作状语, 表示方式, 时间, 原因, 条件等 独立主格结构都可变为with / without + O + OC的结构 1.n / pron +不定式 a. A num ber of officials f ollowed the emperor, some to hold his robe. 2. n / pron +现在分词 a. Today being Sunday, we have no school. b. Time permitting, we’ll stay longer. c. He lay on his back, his eyes looking straight upwar d. d. Spring having come, it is getting warmer and w armer. e. The last bus having gone, we had to walked home. 3. n / pron +过去分词 a. All things considered, I think I should not have taken the jo b. b. His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. c. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 4. n / pron +形容词 a. The manager sat quietly in the office, ( his ) eyes closed. 5. n / pron +副词 a. The meetin g over, all the workers went home.