高考英语二轮复习 专题限时集训21 阅读理解训练7 篇章结构题

专题限时集训(二十一) 阅读理解

训练7 篇章结构题

A

(2016·广东省五校协作体联考)

There are many places to go on safari in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana's Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world's most exciting wildlife journeys.

Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.

The morning ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience with rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face.It is truly exciting.You are very likely to come across large wild animals，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，and so does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.

In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.

Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.

本文主要介绍了非洲的游猎。

1．What does the author find most exciting about a horse safari?

A．Seeing and feeling the real African life.

B．Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.

C．Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.

D．Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.

D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“On horseback it is possible to get quite close

to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，and so does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.”可知，骑在马背上最令人激动的事情是置身风景中并接近各种动物，即D项正确。] 2．What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean?

A．Wild and romantic.

B．Slow and peaceful.

C．Hungry and thirsty.

D．Active and excited.

B[词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are”可知，在这样的环境下，动物们应该是安静的、行动缓慢的，即B项正确。]

3．The author introduced the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by．

A．following space order

B．following time order

C．making classifications

D．giving examples

B[文章结构题。根据文中的“The morning ride”“In the evening”可知，作者是按照时间顺序来介绍自己的旅行经历的，即B项正确。]

【导学号：85602076】

B

(2016·济南市高三模拟)

People need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed.As of 2015，there are more than seven billion people on Earth, according to the United Nations.And by 2100 that number may double.Feeding all of these people means not only improving the way foods are grown，but also finding new sources of nutrition.

And that quest is becoming ever more urgent.If nothing changes，within 35 years，the world's appetite will be greater than the amount of foods produced.That's according to a report released last year.It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative，a private agriculture group based in Washington，D.C.

Global warming, too, is changing food production.Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheat，corn and soybeans.Low income developing countries will be hit the hardest.When harvests

fall，crops become more expensive.And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs，meat prices，too，will rise.

All over the world, researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fast-changing world.And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.Two years ago，scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab.The project cost more than $300，000，but it's a start.Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought.Still other are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.

A gloomy(悲观的) forecast for the planet isn't the only reason to study foods for the future.It's a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animals—even insects.These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.

本文主要讲的是在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。

4．How does global warming affect low-income developing countries?

a．Increase meat prices.

b．Raise the temperature.

c．Reduce the growth of crops.

d．Lead to the high cost of life.

e．Cause a higher price for crops.

A．b→a→c→d→e B．c→a→b→d→e

C．d→e→c→a→b D．b→c→e→a→d

D[细节理解题。根据第三段的整体内容可知，全球变暖首先是导致气温上升，然后是农作物减产，从而使农作物价格上涨，进而肉类涨价，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。] 5．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?

A．New ways of farming.

B．Some great researchers.

C．Progress in food research.

D．Achievements in lab experiments.

C[段落大意题。根据第四段的第二句“And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。] 6．What will be discussed in the following paragraph?

A．Examples of successful food researchers.

B．Different opinions about the future food.

C．Methods of dealing with global warming.

D．Possibilities of feeding the present population.

A[推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。]

【导学号：85602077】

C

(2016·北京高考)

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cell phones，email and social media，have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility，college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually (在思维方面) and personally.While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges，we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a college community (群体) differs from the family，many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern，they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

Moreover，the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults：the response to being

controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled，the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out，particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents' desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore，there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values，social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation，of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

本文是一篇议论文。大学生走出了家门，还没有进入社会，因此他们的大学时期应该是从受家庭庇护到拥有自主性和承担起成年人的职责的一个过渡时期。但是随着手机等社交传媒的应用，大学生依旧受到家庭的管制和庇护。作者针对这一问题发表了自己的看法，探讨了校方应该如何处理。

7．What's the author's attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?

A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving.

C．Supportive. D．Neutral.

B[推理判断题。第一段中作者提到大学期间应该让学生培养自主性，让他们向成年人的身份转变，但是如今的大学生没有肩负起成年人的职责；第二段中作者分析了原因，指出这是因为家长在孩子读大学之后还通过手机、邮件等方式帮助上大学的子女，结果，大学就成了与家庭一样的环境。由此可推知，作者对于这种现象是不赞成的，故选B项。] 8．The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means ．

A．change B．choice

C．text D．extension

A[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的前后语境可知，此处指把大学阶段作为从受到家庭的庇护到拥有自主性和担负起成年人职责的“转变”，故选A项change。] 9．According to the author，what role should college play?

A．To develop a shared identity among students.

B．To define and regulate students' social behavior.

C．To provide a safe world without tension for students.

D．To foster students' intellectual and personal development.

D[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，大学教育应该尝试新的方法培养学生在思维方面和个性方面的发展，故D项正确。由第四段内容可知，学生如果依靠管理方来规范他们的社交行为和思维模式，就不能面对在一个更大和复杂的社交环境中寻找自己的身份带来的挑战，故排除A项(应该是鼓励他们finding an identity)；由第五段内容可知，大学监管和塑造学生的行为表现会引起学生的反感，故排除B项；最后一段说，大学在社会价值、风尚和行为规范方面的讨论应该包括对学生自治和自我规范的发展的重要性的认识、对安全和自我发现之间必要的紧张关系的认识，故排除C项。]

10．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion

C[文章结构题。通读全文可知，第一、二段起到以目前大学教育现状导入的作用，第三段是第一个主要点(大学教育应该尝试新的方法培养学生在思维方面和个性方面的发展)，第四段是第二个主要点(培养学生的社会实践能力)，第五、六段是第二个主要点的次要点，第七段是结论(大学探讨应该包括意识到培养学生自主性、自我规范等方面的重要性)。]

高考英语阅读理解训练50篇

阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二

高考英语阅读理解D专练5篇

阅读理解D专练5篇 Passage 1(2017江苏,D) Old Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season. Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

北京市海淀区高考英语阅读理解训练(6)(含解析)(1)

海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（6）（答案） 【2015高考复习】阅读理解 “The U．S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)is considering to put stricter limits over tanning salons(晒黑廊)and wants to ban anyone younger than 18 years of age from using a tanning bed，”an advisory panel(专家团)announced last week. The panel is calling for tighter controls on the industry such as requiring teenagers to get the approval from their parents before using tanning beds or limiting the use of artificial tanning to a certain age.“Given the absence of any demonstra ted benefits，I think it is an obligation for us to ban artificial tanning for those under 18，”said panelist Dr.Michael Olding. Along with a possible ban for teenagers，the panel also recommended that visible warning labels should be placed either on the tanning machines or in the salons in order to caution tanners of the possible dangers.In addition，the committee decided that stricter regulations and classifications were critical to make the machines safe r.At this time the machines are categorized as FDA Class 1 devices，the ones that are least likely to cause harm.In case the FDA decided to change their classification from Class 1 to Class 2，as advised by the panel，the FDA could limit the levels of radiation the machines emit.Class 2 devices include X-ray m achines and powered wheelchairs. Getting a tan，whether from a tanning bed or the sun，increases the risk of developing skin https://www.docsj.com/doc/3c5912491.html,st year，the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)decla red tanning beds as “carcin ogenic(致癌的)to humans”．It was discovered that young individuals in their teens and 20s who use tanning beds on a regular basis have a 75 per cent higher risk of suffering from melanoma(黑素瘤)，the deadliest form of skin cancer.According to the American Cancer Society，melanoma accounted for nearly 69,000 cases of skin cancer in 2009 and will account for most (about 8,650)of the 11,590 mortality cases due to skin cancer each year. 【语篇解读】随着人们审美观的变化，越来越多的人希望自己拥有健康的古铜色皮肤。于是日光浴和晒黑廊相应而生。晒黑真的能使人拥有健康的皮肤吗？专家告诉我们并非如此。针对这种情况，美国食品药物管理局又会做何行动呢？ 20．According to the passage，what measures will U．S.FDA most probably take? A．Banning tanning salons. B．Posing heavier tax over tanning salons.

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