2016军考化学真题《历年军考真题系列》

历年军考真题系列之

2016年军队院校招生士兵高中综合军考化学真题关键词：军考真题，德方军考，军考试题，军考资料，士兵高中，军考化学

本试卷分政治、物理、化学三部分，考试时间150分钟，满分为200分。

第三部分化学

注意：可能用到的相对原子质量：

H:l C:12 N:14 O:16 F:19 Na:23 S:32 C1:35.5 Fe:56 Cu:64 Zn:65

一、选择题（每小题3分，共18分。每小题只有一项正确答案）

1．下列变化过程只发生物理变化的是( )

A.火箭点火发射升空

B.用衣领净去除衣领污渍

C.液化空气制氮气

D.钢铁生锈

2．下列各组离子能够大量共存的是( )

A.常温下，pH=0的溶液中：Fe3+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-

B.常温下，c(H+)=1×l0-3mol/L的溶液中：K+、HCO3-、Cl-、S2-

C. pH=13的溶液中：Cu2+、Fe3+、NO3-、SO42-

D．在AlCl3溶液中：Ag+、H+、SO42-、NO3-

3．下列化合物中，与醋酸互为同系物的是( )

A. CH3COOC2H5

B. C2H52H5OH D. C2H6

4．对可逆反应，2A（固）+3B（气）+2D（气）?H＜0，在一定条件下达到平衡，下列有关叙述正确的是( )

①增加A的量，平衡向正反应方向移动

②升高温度，平衡向逆反应方向移动，V正减小

③压强增大一倍，平衡不移动，V正、V逆不变

④增大B的浓度，V正＞V逆

⑤加入催化剂，B的转化率提高

A．①②B．③C．④⑤D．④

5．与Na+具有相同质子数和电子数的微粒数是( )

A. NH4+B．Ne C．H2O D．F-

6．以下实验装置一般不用于分离提纯物质的是( )

二、填空题（每空3分，共36分）

1．某无色溶液的OH- 离子浓度为1×l0-5mol/L，则该溶液的pH=。

2．用石墨电极电解CuCl2溶液的反应方程式为：CuCl2＝（通电）Cu+Cl2↑，则阳极有气体放出，阴极有析出。

3．X、Y、Z均为短周期元素，X和Y在同一周期，Y和Z在同一主族，三者原子最外层电子数之和为17；由X元素构成的气态分子X2在空气中占质量分数最大，X能和Y形成XY、X2Y、XY2和X2Y5等类型的气态化合物。根据以上描述判断，XY2气体呈色；Z为元素（用元素符号填写）；Z元素最高价氧化物的水化物的化学式为。

4．甲烷和CO2均为温室效应气体，二者在密闭容器中可发生下列反应：

CH4（气）+ CO2（气）＝(高温高压)2CO（气）+2H2（气），在这一反应中，氧化剂是；若生成0.2mol氢气，则转移的电子的物质的量是mol。

5．A、B、C是由短周期元素组成的常见化合物，甲、乙、丙是三种单质，这些单质和化合物之间的转化关系如下图所示。

(1)A、B、C的化学式为、、；

(2)单质甲与化合物B反应的离子方程式为。

三、计算题（共6分）

一定量的H2在Cl2中燃烧，所得混合物与100mL 3.00 mol/L的NaOH溶液（密度为1.2g/mL）恰好完全反应，测得溶液中含有NaClO的物质的量为0.050mol。假设反应前后溶液的体积不发生变化，请计算：

(1)原NaOH溶液的质量分数；

(2)所得溶液中Cl-的物质的量浓度。

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