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(完整版)如何辨别英语短语动词中的介词和副词

(完整版)如何辨别英语短语动词中的介词和副词
(完整版)如何辨别英语短语动词中的介词和副词

如何辨别英语短语动词中的介词和副词

英语短语动词系指动词和介词或副词的习惯结合,其功能相当一个

动词。表面看上去完全相同的短语动词,因介词或副词的词类不同,其

语义差别很大。如:

①They talked over the problem to see if they could solve it.

他们认真讨论了这个问题,看是否解决。(over副词)

②They talked over the counter when William visited Peter's shop.

威廉来到彼得店里后,他们隔着柜台说话。(over介词)

因此,正确识别短语动词中的介词或副词的词类,对我们掌握短语

动词正确理解和翻译语言帮助很大。如何识别呢?方法如下:

(1)根据不变词的位置是否可以移动来识别。通常,短语动词中的

副词位置可移动,可置于名词宾语的前边或后边,代词宾语(特别是人

称代词)的后边:

①They called up all young men.

②They called au young men up.

③They called them up.(他们征所有年轻人入伍。)( up 副词)

而介词只能置于宾语的前边:

①She called on her friends.(他拜访了朋友。)

②She called on them.

③Her friends on whom she called were not at home.

同样,He kept on his overcoat because it was so cold.He kept his overcoat:on because-t was so cold.(因天气很冷,他一直穿着大衣。)因为“kept his overcoat on"中的0II可移放在动词宾语overcoat后面,所以是副词。而,He kept on the pavement because of heavy traffic.(因车辆很多,他一直在便道上站着。)句中on不能移到pavement之后,on 是介词。

(2)从语音上区别。短语动词中的介词通常不重读(多音节介词有时例外。)而副词则往往重读。若该副词处于句尾,甚至成为核心重读词。

①He called on the man. The man was called on.

(他去看那个人。)(on不重读,是介词)

②He called up the man. The man was called up. He called the man up.

(他叫醒那个人。)(up重读,是副词)

③Keep off the grass.

勿踏草坪(off非重读,介词)

④Draw the curtain to keep off the sun.

(拉上窗帘,别让太阳晒。)(off重读,副词)

(3)根据做状语的副词的位置来区别。一个含有短语动词的句子,其状语副词若出现在动词与不变词之间,则可判定该不变词为介词,而不是副词。闪为做状语的副词可插在动词与介词之间,不可插在动词与副词之间。

(1)They called early on their friends.

他们很早便来拜访他们的朋友。(on介词)

②The girl stepped hurriedly up the staircase.

这姑娘匆忙地拾级而上。(up介词)

但,不会出现这样的句子:

He hastily put on his coat./He put on his coat

hastily.

他急忙穿上外衣。

有时由“动词+介词”构成的短语动词,状语副词不可插人动词与介词之间,这种情况多为不可分割的习语。如:

He evidently takes after his father.

显然,他长得像他的父亲。

不能说,He takes evidently after his father.

(4)通过强调手段来识别。

The man went down the cliff.

这人顺山崖而下。

为收到强调效果,可将down the tiff置于主语之前:

Down the tiff he went.(down介词)但,短语动词中的副词一般不可置于主语之前以强调:

He passed out.他昏倒了。

Out he passed.(误)

He took off his hat.他摘下帽子。

Off his hat he took.(误)

The boiler blew up.锅炉爆炸了。

Up the boiler blew.(误)

Up blew the boiler.

短语动词的介词或副词若重迭使用,则可前置以强调。无疑,该词为副词。如:

He went on and on about his wife and family. On and on he went about his wife and family.

(正)关于他的妻子和家庭,他说起来没完没了。

英语介词用法大全

英语介词用法大全 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】

介词(The Preposition)又叫做前置词,通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词,不需要重读,在句中不单独作任何句子成分,只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。中国学生在使用英语进行书面或口头表达时,往往会出现遗漏介词或误用介词的错误,因此各类考试语法的结构部分均有这方面的测试内容。 1. 介词的种类 英语中最常用的介词,按照不同的分类标准可分为以下几类: (1). 简单介词、复合介词和短语介词 ①.简单介词是指单一介词。如: at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等。②. 复合介词是指由两个简单介词组成的介词。如: Inside, outside , onto, into , throughout, without , as to as for , unpon, except for 等。 ③. 短语介词是指由短语构成的介词。如: In front of , by means o f, on behalf of, in spite of , by way of , in favor of , in regard to 等。 (2). 按词义分类 {1} 表地点(包括动向)的介词。如: About ,above, across, after, along , among, around , at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between , beyond ,by, down, from, in, into , near, off, on, over, through, throught, to, towards,, under, up, unpon, with, within , without 等。 {2} 表时间的介词。如: About, after, around , as , at, before , behind , between , by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until) , to, towards , within 等。 {3} 表除去的介词。如: beside , but, except等。 {4} 表比较的介词。如: As, like, above, over等。 {5} 表反对的介词。如: againt ,with 等。 {6} 表原因、目的的介词。如: for, with, from 等。 {7} 表结果的介词。如: to, with , without 等。 {8} 表手段、方式的介词。如: by, in ,with 等。 {9} 表所属的介词。如: of , with 等。 {10} 表条件的介词。如:

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about argue with sb. about/over sth.与某人争 论某事be anxious for/about焦虑;渴望;担心be concerned about关心,挂念 be crazy about热衷于;迷念 be disappointed at/abou对…感到失望be in the dark about对……一无所知be mad about迷恋 be particular about对……讲究 be worried about为……而担心 bring about导致,引起 care about关注;关心;在意;担忧come about发生 dream about/of梦见,梦到 get around/about走动;克服;传播go about开始;从事 hang about/around闲荡,闲待着quarrel with sb. about sth.与某人因某 事而争吵set about doing着手做 talk about谈论,议论 think about考虑 worry about担心,烦恼 across come across/upon碰到;遇见 cut across抄近路穿过;对直通过 get (sth.) across (将……)清楚,(使) 被了解 run across偶然遇到/看到 after after all调整;适应 go after追求;追赶 look after照顾 name…after/for以……命名 one after another一个接一个地,相继run after追求;追赶 take after 与(父母等)相像against against one's will违心地 fight against打仗;作战go against违背 lean on/against依靠,依赖 run up against 遭遇(困难)strugge against同……作斗争 turn against背叛 warn sb. against警告 along along with和……一起/一道 come along一起来;过来;快点 get along/on with与……相处 go along with赞同 around centre around围绕;以……为中心come round/around顺便来访;苏醒, 复原 get around/about走动;克服;传播go round/around流传;到处活动hang about/around闲荡,闲待着show sb. around领(某人)参观 as act as痛苦 as a matter of fact其实,事实上 as a result (of)作为……结果,由于 as a rule通常,一般说来 as follows如下 as for/to/regards sth.至于,关于 as long as只要 as far as远达;在……范围之内 as far as…is/are concerned就……而言as such从字面上讲;严格说来 as it is照现状,事实上 as it were可以说;在一定程度上 as usual像往常 as well也,和 as well as除……之外(也) be famous as/for作为/因为……而出名be known to/as/for被/作为/因为…… 所知classify…as/into…将……归类为/分 成……consider…as…认为;看着

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