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英语教案 句子成分与结构

英语教案 句子成分与结构
英语教案 句子成分与结构

星海教育2016年暑假双流校区

目标满分班名师培优精讲

第1 讲【教学标题】

英语句子成分

【教学目标】

让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题,使学生能够更好的理解句子结构

【教学重点】

1.句子成分的划分

2.句子的主要成分

3.句子的次要成分

4.作各个成分相应的词性

【教学难点】

1.句子的主要成分

2.状语的识别

3.定语的识别

4.宾语补足语

【教学内容】

句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

A.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.

例如:

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.

(名词)

The students all love their English teacher.

We often speak English in class.(代词)

They go to school by bus.

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

To see is to believe.

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

It’s no use regretting it.

The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

B.谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不能作谓语。

一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。

be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.

1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为

动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,

又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

(1)、及物动词作谓语

W e should help each other.

They respect one another.

All of the students like the novel.

Did you see many people there?

(2)、不及物动词作谓语

He left here yesterday.

Y ou’re driving too fast.

The teacher came in, book in hand.

He went abroad in the September of 1988.

(3)连系动词表状态

He is an excellent teacher.

Her son is a friend of ours.

Ours is a great country.

The box itself is not so heavy.

2、谓语的构成如下:

(1)、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

(2)、复合谓语:(a)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (b)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

C.表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

They are brother and sister.

John is captain of the team.

Is it yours?(代词)

What I want to say is this.

The poor boy was myself.

The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

The speech is exciting.(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

Her father is sixty-five.

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

My favourite sport is swimming.

The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。例如:

Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

D.宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。

一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

E.宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整,宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:

His father named him Dongming.(名词)

They painted their boat white.(形容词)

You must keep it clean.

T om found the climb quite easy.

Let the fresh air in.(副词)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

I have a lot of work to do.

She has plenty of clothes to wear.

He made me repeat the story

We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

I have the car waiting.

Why don’t you have your hair cut?(-ed分词)

We had the machine repaired.

I had my watch stolen yesterday

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

(注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose等;后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, get, think, make等;

动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to,look at等,使役动词如let, have, make等,动词不定式不带to。)

F.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,是句子中的次要成分。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般有形容词,形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。

一句话语法:定语使用形容词例如:

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

Mr. Green has two sons. (数词)

The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. (副词)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)

A man going to die is always kind-hearted.

The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.

There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

Can you find out the answer to the question.

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)

Would you like something to drink?

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)

A barking dog seldom bites.

He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)

The girl under the tree is Kate.

Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?(从句)

G.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。

例如:

Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)

He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

Wait a minute.(名词)

Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

H. 句子结构

(S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语)

一.S十V主谓结构|(vi.)

I swim.

主谓

They listened carefully.My homework has finished.

二.S十V十O主谓宾结构(vt.)

I saw a film yesterday.

主谓宾

They found their home easily .They have taken good care of the children.三.S十V十F主系表结构(系动词)

Be,系动词____________________+形容词

He is old.

主系动表语

The story sounds interesting.

主系动词表语

The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher.

The trees turn yellow in the autumn.

四.S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构

give,ask__________________sb sth

He gave me a book.

主谓宾1 宾2

He brought me a pen. He offered me his seat

He got me a chair

五.S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构

They made the girl angry.

主谓宾宾补

They found her happy that day.

I heard the glass broken just now.

【过手练习】

【拓展训练】

1、选择填空:

( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.

A. Now there the man

B. The man here now

C. The man who is here now

D. The man is here now

( ) 2. The weather ____.

A. wet and cold

B. is wet and cold

C. not wet and cold

D. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.

A. sweets

B. sweetly

C. nicely

D. sweet

( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.

A. lately

B. late

C. latest

D. latter

( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.

A. dead

B. died

C. dyed

D. deaded

( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

A. We, us

B. Us, we

C. We, our

D. We, we

( )7. He found the street much ______.

A. crowd

B. crowding

C. crowded

D. crowdedly

( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.

A. its

B. it

C. that

D. that is

( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.

A. looks

B. is looked

C. is being looked

D. was looked

( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.

A. that

B. when

C. in which

D. where

2.阅读理解:

Little Tom down the street calls our dog "The keep dog".Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say" Seep", it comes out "keep". And in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things hoem for us to keep! I'll tell you about some of them.

Zip's first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk.

We didn't know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(点头)and held my nose. "What do you think it is?"

"It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污点) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry."

"Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe!" I said."We should take it back."

"We can't ".said my sistter.

"Maybe little Tom is right," Mary said. "Maybe Zip is a keep dog!"

1.The writer and Mary didn't know______.

A. what Zip's first present was

B. how Zip carried its first present home

C. who owned Zip's first present

D. what Zip's first present was made of

2.Tom calls Zip "the keep dog" because ______.

A. the dog likes keeping things

B. the dog likes playing with shoes

C. he doesn't know the dog's name

D. he can't pronounce the word " sheep" well

3.What made the shoe strange was ______.

A. its colour

B. its smell

C. its size

D. that it was a silk one

4.The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_____"

A. keeping things for itself

B. bringing things for other to keep

C. not letting it run about

D. taking care of a small child

5.We can know from the reading that the dog _____.

A. likes to give presents to people

B. has been kept in at the writer's home

C. has brought some trouble

D. likes to be called "the keep dog"

3.阅读短文,根据首字母提示填空,每空一词。

Most American families are smaller than the families in

o 81 countries. Most American families e 82 have one or two children.

C 83 in the US will leave their parents' home when they grow up. They usually live far f 84 their parents because they want to find good jobs. They often w 85 to their parents or telephone them. And they often go to visit their parents on

h 86 .

Parents usually let their children choose their

o 87 jobs. Americans think it important for young people to decide on their lives by themselves.

Children are asked to do some work around their house. And in many families, children are paid (付钱)for d 88 some housework so that they learn how to make money for their own use.

Do you often help y 89 parents do housework? Do you want to live with your parents w 90 you grow up ?

【课后作业】

一、选择填空

基础题组训练(五题)

1、The old man feeds four ___.

A. piggs

B. piges

C. pigs

D. pig

2、Please remember to give the horse some tree___.

A.leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave

3、Would you like something to drink, ___or coffee?

A.tea B. fruit C. bread D. meat

4、Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many___ in it.

A. flowers

B. grass

C. villages

D. water

5、There are seven ___ in a week.

A. dayes

B. days

C. dayies

D. day

拔高题组训练(十题)

1、—Mom, could you pass me some___? It’s delicious.

—OK, but only a little.

A.butter B. apples C. tomatoes D. sandwiches

2、—What’s in the cupboard?

—A few ___, but little ___.

A. apples; coffee

B. coffee; apples

C. apple; coffees

D. coffees; apples、

3、He gave us ___ on how to protect eyes.

A. some advices

B. some advice

C. an advice

D. a advice

4、There are ___ on my desk.

A. three paper

B. three pieces of papers

C. three pieces of paper

D. three papers

5、A group of ___ will visit the museum tomorrow.

A. Englishman

B. American

C. Australian

D. Chinese

6、The farmer raised ten ___.

A. sheeps

B. deers

C. horse

D. cows

7、Why not give Linda some ___? She has failed in Chinese several times.

A. notice

B. suggestion

C. advice

D. warning

8、When we saw Liu Xiang’s face, we knew ___ was bad.

A. some news

B. a news

C. the news

D. news

9、I wonder why ___ are interested in action films.

A. people

B. peoples

C. the people

D. the peoples

10、There is good ___for you. I’ve found the watch.

A. news

B. ideas

C. messages

D. thoughts

疑难题组训练(五题)

1、I think the teenagers should try to improve their living ___.

A. activities

B. skills

C. memory

D. success

2、—Mum, something is wrong with my teeth. I can’t

eat anything.

—What about seeing a ___ at once?

A. designer

B. dentist

C. director

D. detective

3、 Mike and his friend are going to the ___ to see the

new action movie tonight.

A. bookshop

B. restaurant

C. concert

D. cinema

4、They got much ___ from those new books.

A. ideas

B. photos

C. information

D. stories

5、We often use the mobile phone to send text ___ to our friends.

A. menus

B. messages

C. advice

D. warning

2.阅读理解

An old lady in a plane had a blanket(毯子)over her head and she did not want to take it off . The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lad y said, “I have never been in a plane before , and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again !”

Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well. ”But she continued to hide.

So the captain turned and started to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the blanket with one eye and said, “I am sorry, young man, but I don’t like planes a nd I am never going to fly again. But I’ll say one thing, ”She continued kindly, “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!”

1. An old lady had _________ .

A. glasses

B. a blanket over her head

C. a coat

D. a basket

2. A. She d idn’t want to ________ .

A. take it off

B. turn it off

C. get on

D. talk about it

3. _________ spoke to her .

A. The air hostess

B. The man next to her

C. her husband

D. one of her friends

4. The old lady had never been _________ before .

A. abroad

B. home

C. in a plane

D. in hospital

5. The woman didn’t like planes and she was never going ________ .

A. to fly again

B. to travel

C. to go abroad

D. to go home

3、分析下列句子成分

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

5. He broke a piece of glass.

6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.

7. ---I love you more than her,child .8. Tees turn green when spring comes.

9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

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英语句子结构详解(精华)

第一章简单句 一、简单句(simple sentence):是基础句型,只有包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 有五种基本结构:“主语+谓语(SV)”、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语(SVOO)”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(SVOC)”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语(SV)”结构,简称为主谓结构,谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等,如: (1)、Day│ broke. 天亮了 (2)、Things │change.事物是变化的。 (3)、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。 (4)、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC)”结构,简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语(SLP)”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如: (5)、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。 (6)、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特 (7)、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 (8)、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)”结构,可简称为主、谓、宾结构,其谓语一般是及物动词,宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词 (9)、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案?

初中英语五种基本句型结构

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

初中英语句子成分教案

初中英语句子成分教案 【篇一:句子成分教案】 教学过程 一、复习预习 预习英语中句子成分分析和五大基本句型 二、知识讲解 step1★定义:只有一个主谓结构的句子 1)主+谓 a 简单句)主+谓+宾 五大基本)主+系+表 句型)主+谓+间接宾语+)主+谓+宾+宾语补足语 句子分类 b 并列句:简单句+并列连词+简单句 名词性从句宾语从句 c 复合句表语从句 形容词性从句:定语从句 副词性从句:状语从句 句子构造思想:一个句子有仅且有一个主谓结构,如形成并列句或 从句,则可以有两个 或两个以上的主谓结构。 step2 句子成分:主语谓语宾语表语补语定语状语同位语插入语 主语:动作的发起者或事物描述的主题 谓语:有动词充当,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。也可分为助动 词情态动词系 动词和实义动词。 助动词:do does did have has had(仅用于完成时中) 情态动词:can could may might will would must need shall should 联系动词be 动词感官系动词:sound taste feel smell look 系动词变化系动词:go get become turn grow 保持系动词:keep stay remain 及物动词(vt)如:eat do buy play 动词※若在不及物动词后加适当的介词,则能形成及物的动词词组,能加宾语不及物动词(vi)如:sleep walk run

宾语:动作的对象,内容或者承受者 表语:表明主语是什么或者主语怎么了(发生变化或者继续进行) 动+双宾语动+复合宾语 补语:进行补充说明的句子成分 定语:起限制限定作用,有形容词或相当于形容词的短语充当。 状语:有副词或相当于副词的介词短语充当,修饰实义动词或形容 词副词,表示时间, 地点,方式,原因,条件等 同位语:对另外一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明的句子成分。考点/易错点1 句子成分的划分,影响非谓语动词和从句的学习 考点/易错点2 句子种类判断,以及句子构造思想 三、例题精析 【例题1】 【题干】she is a very good student 【答案】主+系+定+程度状语+定+表 【解析】划分句子成分,主系表结构 【篇二:英语语法教案-句子成分】 初中英语句子成分 一、句子成分 概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补 足语、定语和状语,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 英语的基本成分有七种:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和 补语。 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以描述或说明的对象。表示句子所说的是什么人 或事物。 短语等充当。 1)名词做主语: 2)代词做主语:’s a bit expensive. 3)数词做主语:one and two is three. one is not enough for me. i want one more. one of them is english. two will be enough.

(完整版)英语句子成分分析(最完整版)

英语句子成分只是英语语法中的一小部分,而且平时的考试也不会考,试卷上不会考你什么是宾语,什么是状语,这个单词是作什么成分,但是它是学英语的基础或者说是你学习其他语法的工具(比如学定语从句、非谓语动词等等)。学会它最直接的作用是对阅读和写英语句子有帮助,有很多人单词都知道,但是,读句子的时候,就是不知道哪些单词和哪些单词是组合在一起的;写句子的时候,就是不知道该把把哪个单词放在前,哪个单词放在后。句子成分就是帮你来分析单词和单词的关系,让你能比较容易地看懂句子和写出符合英语表达的英语句子。 第一章英语句子结构的简单认识 那么,什么是句子结构呢?说白了,就是在一个句子内部,一个个单词是怎么组织在一起的,为什么有的单词放在句子前面,有的单词放在句子的后面;在一个复杂的句子中各个句子是怎么组合起来的。曾见过这样的句子:I very like English (我非常喜欢英语) I at home had supper(我在家吃的晚饭 ),上面的两个句子是常见典型错句,你能看出来他们错在哪里吗? 那么,对于英语句子结构来说,我们要掌握什么呢?首先你头脑中要有词类的概念(每一个单词都是什么词性),然后学会简单句五种基本句型及句子成分的分析,再然后就是并列句和复合句的分析。 第二章词类概念建立以及词类分析能力的培养 第一节词类分析能力的自我培养之秘笈 一个词的词性不止一个,通常有两个或两个以上(如work 可以作名词或动词,但这个词一旦放在句中,它的词性就确定了,(如: His work is good ,本句中的work 肯定是名词.) 基于以上原因,词类概念的建立以及词类分析能力的建立,说白了就是指:看到一个词,立刻就能反应出这个词属于哪个词类;看到句子中的单词,立刻就能确定出这个词的词性,这是一项能力,你不可能通过死记硬背学会的. 为什么需要你知道一个个单词属于哪个词类,知道这些有什么用呢? 要知道,理解掌握词类是理解句子结构及成分的基础,大脑中没有词类的概念,一切都无从谈起,,想想看,它是何等的重要. 怎么才能建立词类概念以及具备词类分析能力呢? 三“活”就是通过分析的方法,不是通过死记来确定一个单词的词性,大体上有以下三种途径: 其一,从词类概念的本身出发去分析单词的词性(见第二节) 举个简单的例子,cake 这个词,中文意思:蛋糕,是一种食品的名称,,ok 了,不用再去背 cake 名词 cake 名词。这一方法的运用需要你把对单词中文意思的了解和对十大词类概念的理解两者结合起来才能运用自如.,只需在大脑中一闪词义,就知道其词性了,如果你连单词词义都不知,那偶就没办法了. 其二, 从单词的构词法入手来判断词性,构词法即构成单词的方法,其中一种是派生法,是通过加前后缀来构成单词的,英语中相当一部分单词是通过这种方法构成的,,一般来说,前缀是表明单词的词义,后缀表明单词的词性(词类),因此,从后缀我们大致可以判断出单词的词性.例如一般来讲加ly的形容词都是副词:quickly badly really completely 等等,. 其三,从句子成分来分析.实际上.学习词类和确定词类是为了分析句子成分,反过来,当我们学会句子分析后,我们还可以确定单词的词性(对一词多种词性的单词非常有用),,就是说可

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

高中教案英语句子成分析

英语句子成分 I教学内容 英语句子八种成分 英语简单句基本句型 II教学目标 1.知识目标:学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型 2.能力目标:简单句基本句型的识别和运用 3.情感目标:通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习,为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下 坚实的基础,树立起学好英语的信心。 III教学重难点及方法 1.教学重点:理解英语中构成各成分的词性 2.教学难点:学习和运用基本句型 3.教学方法:explaining, discovering & practicing IV教学步骤 Step1 significance 英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成,环环相扣,相辅相成,英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置,可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。学习单词和词组的时候,我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组,与此同时,句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位,因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。 学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的,并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分,学好了该部分的知识,对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助,只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型,我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子,才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。 Step2 the sentence elements 英语句子成分可分为8种: 主语(subject); 谓语动词(predicate); 表语(predicative);宾语(object);宾语补足语(object complement);定语(attribute);状语(adverbial);主语补足语(subject complement) 一.主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,简单来说就是谓语动词之前的部分,往往由名词(n.),代词(pron.),数词,非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。 1.Walls have ears. →名词 2.He will take you to the hospital. →代词 3.Three and four is seven. →数词 4.To see is to believe. →To do 不定时 5.Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing 动名词 6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子

英语句子成分分析必备(超实用)

句子成分分析 一、主语 主语是放在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。【一般放在句首】 1、English is very important.(英语是很重要的) 2、A tree has fallen across the road.(一棵树倒下横在马路上) 3、Little streams feed big rivers (小河流入大江 ) 1、You’re not far wrong.(你差不多对了) 2、He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑) 3、They go to school by bus.(他们乘公共汽车去上学) 4、Most of the students come from the countryside.(大多数的学生来自农村) 1、Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. (看太多的电视对你的眼睛有害的) 2、It’s no use regretting it.(后悔是没有用的) 3、Smoking is bad for you. (吸烟对你有害)

4、To see is to believe.(眼见为实/百闻不如一见) 5、It is very hard to get to sleep.(入睡很难。) 6、To find your way can be a problem.(你能否找到路可能是一个问题。) 7、It would be nice to see him again. (如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。) 1、Three is enough. (三个就够了) 2、Four from seven leaves three.(7减4还剩3) 1、Whenever you are ready will be fine. (你无论什么时候准备好都行。) 2、Because Sally wants to leaves doesn’t mean that we have to.(不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。) 1、“How do you do ?”is a greeting.(“你好”是一句问候语。) 二、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。常用动词或动词短语承担。

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

英语基本句子结构

初中英语基本语法结构 句子是文章的基础,无论多长的文章都是由一个一个的句子组成的,因此,学习运用写作及阅读应学好造句,打好坚实的句法基础,才有可能写出好的文章。运用句子的基本结构 英语的句子千变万化,但是无论其怎样变化,都是由为数不多的几个基本句子结构扩展而来的,造句就好像画一棵树,掌握了句子的基本结构,就如同掌握了树干的画法,在此基础上便可以学习添枝加叶,画出千变万化的树木了。 运用的基本结构可以分为五个类型。 1、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 列如:She is a student (身份)He has become an engineer It tastes sweet They are in the classroom 这种句子机构的动词是系动词,其后的表语表示主语的身份,特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少,最常用的是be的各种变化形式,初学者比较容易用错的是其他的系动词,如become,turn,look,seem,appear,sound,taste,smell,remain,prove,keep,fall,等的,由于系动词数量不多,初学者只要稍加留意就不会出错了。 2、主语+动词(S+V)列如:water flows He is reading She has arrived T hey will come Mary cried 这种句子结构的动词是不及物动词,其后无须跟其他的句子成分。初学者使用这类词时,应当注意不要受其汉语对应词意义的影响。例如汉语中的’到‘在英语中的对应词可以是arrive,也可以是reach,但是reach是及物动词,须有宾语,不能用在上面第三个例句中。反之,如果需要带宾语时,arrive后则应加介词。 例如:They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK 3、主语+动词+宾语(S+V+O) 例如:Tom speaks English He bought a jacket They have finished the job Rose is reading a book 这种句子结构中的动词是单宾及物动词,其后必须跟一个宾语。英语中的及物动词大多数都属这一类。 4、主语+动词+宾语+宾语(S+V+O+O) 例如:Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story Give us a ring when you arrive at the college The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up 这种句子结构中的动词是双宾及物动词,其后跟两个宾语,即间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语是动作承受者或结果,如上例中的English,a story ,a ring ,a thorough cleanup,间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的,如上例中的them,me,us和the classroom。虽然这类动词的数量不是很多,但使用频率很高,构成了一种英语

英语句子的基本结构

英语句子的基本结构 英语句子由主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分构成。 主语:Subject=S.,表示句子所说的是什么人或事物。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词、代词的短语来充当。 谓语:Predicate,说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样。 由动词Verb=V.来充当。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。 宾语:Object=O.,表示动作、行为的对象。及物动词Vt.后可以接双宾语 (即:间接宾语Indirect Object=Oi.; 直接宾语Direct Object=Od.)。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词代词的短语来充当。 表语:Predicative=P.,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 由名词n.、形容词adj.、代词pron.或相当于名词、形容词的短语来充当,和连系动词v.一起构成谓语。 补语:Object Complement=Oc.,放在某些及物动词Vt.的宾语O.后面,补充说明宾语的特征, 宾语和补语一起构成复合宾语。 根据谓语动词与其他成分的不同搭配,我们可以将英语句子归纳为以下五种基本句型 (祈使句除外) 1. 主语+不及物动词 S+Vi. Example: The teacher left yesterday. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 S+Vt+O. Example: He teaches English. 3. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+Vt+Oi+Od Example: He teaches us English 或主语+及物动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语 S+Vt +Od+for/to+ Oi He teaches English to us. 4. 主语+连系动词+表语 S+V+P Example: It is fine today. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+Vt+O+Oc Example:

英语句子成分分析大全

英语句子成分分析大全 一个句子至少由两部分构成,即主语和谓语,它们是句子的主要成分。 句子的次要成分包括宾语(包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语), 表语,定语(包括前置定语及后置定语),状 语,同位语(包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语), 补语及呼语。 一.主语:是一句话的中心,整句话都谈它的情况。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。) 这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 二.谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或者状态。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、不能作谓语。 且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs. (他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语:表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如: I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国菜。) 这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ,名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语: 有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书) He gave a book to me 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。 又如:My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。 四.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后,其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 系动词:看起来闻起来听起来感觉起来总是保持三变。 look smell sound feel be keep get seem turn become 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers,形容词 kind 作表语。 五.定语:是用来说明或限制名词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,构成前置定语;相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面,构成后置定语。

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构(5种) 1、主语+谓语(s+v) 2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p) 3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o) 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物) (s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c) 二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语) 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east () He likes dancing. () Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. () To see is to believe.() What he needs is a book.() It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.() (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt. 2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词 组担任,放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

英语五大基本句型结构介绍

句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分,按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法: S: Subject主语; V: Verb动词; O: Object宾语; P: Predicative表语; IO: Indirect Object间接宾语; DO:Direct Object 直接宾语

OC: Object Complement宾语补足语; ◇第一种句型:主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词,其后当然不能接宾语,但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词,可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。 We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意:一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能,其后就可以接宾语了。 这一类词组有:listen to 听;look at 看;look after 照看;look for 寻找;arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗? What are you looking for? 你在找什么? ◇第三种句型:主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语,说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。 She became a lawyer last year. 去年,她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用:look 看起来;smell 闻起来;sound 听起来;taste 尝起来;feel 感觉;keep 保持;grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除直接宾语外,还要求一个间接宾语,以表示该动词所表示的动作所及的人或物,通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。 She gave me a ticket for that film. 她给了我一张那部电影的票。

英语句子成分讲解(详细)

英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类: 名词(n.):表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词;可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词;不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.):表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.):用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.):用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.):用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词分为:地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.):用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.):用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词,分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.):用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.):用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词,序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.):表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分: 主语:主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语:谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词+主要动词)构成。 宾语:宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作是非直接的,但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语:表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句,它常位于系动词(be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词)之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。

英语句子基本结构

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C =宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国 家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。

2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴 趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书 桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高 了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站 看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例 如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸 象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。

英语句子成分分析80360

英语句子成分讲座· 1.主语 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中,主语一般由名词、代词、或动词(短语) 来充当。、动词作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。 ■名词作主语 English is very important. 英语是很重要的。 The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 ■代词作主语 They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 ■作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。 ■动词(短语)作主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。 2.谓语 谓语必须由动词充当,但动词、、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为和。 ■作谓语 We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■作谓语 He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于____年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 3.表语 表语与连系动词连用,构成,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、、动词、分词等充当。如: They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

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