高考英语专题一名词

考点一名词

名

词

一、可数名词单数变复数的规则

1.规则变化

规则例词

一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees

以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes

watch—watches brush—brushes

2.不规则变化

注意:1.fish的“数”

?

2.penny的复数形式

?

2 pennies

?

2 pence

3.hair的“数”

?

?

4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形

式为peoples。

one person一个人two people两个人

a people一个民族two peoples两个民族

二、名词所有格

1. 加-'s词尾的规则

2.用法

（1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie?

这是布莱克先生的办公室吗?

I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店

(2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。

Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗?

We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。

It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital.

从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。

I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。

(3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。

China's industry 中国的工业

the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面

(4)用以构成不同的节日。

April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节

Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节

(5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。

at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家

at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店

(6)-'s用于学位中。

a Bachelor's degree学土学位

a master's degree硕士学位

a doctor's degree博士学位

(7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。

My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。

(8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格

Jonh and Mary’s school

Jonh’s and Mary’s schools

(9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s”

somebody else's possessions

3.of所有格

4.双重所有格

“名词+of+名词的所有格/名词性物主代词便构成了双重所有格。

双重所有格中of短语所修饰的名词前通常有美示数量的限定词a, an, one，two , some，several, a few；many，any, no等。

Some friends of my brother's will come to join us.

我哥哥的一些朋友将加人我们。

易混对比:

a photo of me照片上是我

a photo of mine我的照片中的一-张

a friend of my father强调朋友关系

a friend of my father's强调多个朋友中的一个

三、名词作定语

1.说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别等时,用名词而非名词所有格作定语

2.名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别

四、名词的修饰语

（1）只能修饰可数名词

每个：each every

很多：many a; quite a few; many; a great/large many; a number of; a large/gr eat number of; numbers of; a small number of

both; a couple of; a dozen（一打）; dozens of(许多); several; few;

(2)只能修饰不可数名词

Little; a little一些; much; too much太多; a bit of 一点; a large amount of 大量; a good/ great deal of许多; a small/slight amount of 少量; a wealth of 大量

（3）两者都可

some; a lot of= lots of; half; plenty of; enough; most; all;

qunantities of; a quantity of; the rest of; masses of; tons of

五、名词的功能

六、名词构词法(构成名词的后缀)

第一讲

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考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes

2.不规则变化

注意:1.fish的“数” ?

2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?

4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。

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高考英语名词专项练习题.doc

英语名词专项练习题 1. They got much _____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home . A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 4. An old _______ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to __________. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________. A. room’s number B. rooms’ number C. room numbers D. rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词. 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。 7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________. A. family B. house C. home D. room 解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C. 8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s 9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D. aunt’s 10. He is a success as a leader but he h asn’t ________ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience 解析: experience 作“经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作“经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。 11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister’s 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。 12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A. 13.The team ________ having a meeting .

高考英语名词知识点专项训练及答案(1)

高考英语名词知识点专项训练及答案(1) 一、选择题 1．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us. A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake. A．edge B．course C．exit 4．Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars. A．signal B．sign C．mark D．sigh 5．Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population. A．has been raised; rise B．has been risen; raise C．has raised; rise D．has raised; rose 6．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 7．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 8．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________. A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 9．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom 10．Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world. And, he regards himself as the ________ of the times. A．instructor B．expert C．favorite D．admirer 11．The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment. A．currency B．framework C．allowance D．occupation 12．The _____on his face suggested that he was extremely angry. A．impression B．sight C．appearance D．expression 13．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands 14．He wins the Nobel Prize for his outstanding _________to physics. A．contribution B．conclusion C．addition D．explanation 15．With the COVID-19 ______ quickly around the globe, the whole world are in a(n) ______ of shock. A．gathering, condition B．spreading, state C．to spread, approach D．to gather, style 16．President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.