英美文选

English Literature of the 18th Century

The Age of Enlightenment

OUTLINE

The Enlightenment in Europe

?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment. It was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The Enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind. Science was to answer the actual needs and requirements of the people.

The Age of Reason

?The Enlighteners were called such because what they considered to be the chief means for the betterment of the society was "enlightenment" or "education" for the people. In other words, they believed in the power of reason. They recognized no external authority of any kind. Religion, conceptions of nature, society, political systems--everything was subjected to the most merciless criticism; everything had to justify its existence at the bar (=court;

seat of judgment) of reason or renounce all claim to existence. The century has also been called the Age of Reason

Enlightenment in England

?The Enlightenment in England is different from that in other European countries, appeared in an epoch not preceding but after the bourgeois revolution. So the English Enlighteners, different from their French counterparts of the 18th century, did not call for the launching of a revolution but urged the carrying-on of the revolution to the finish by clearing away the feudal remnants.

Augustan or Neoclassical Age

?The most striking quality of the 18th century was its optimism. It was a time that celebrated the excellence of the human mind. All creation was believed open to scrutiny.

Even the descriptive historical titles of the period express the spirit of improvement and progress. Many people of the time thought they were passing through a golden period similar to that of the Roman emperor Augustus. For this reason the name "Augustan" was given to the early 18th century. Many writers of the era used ancient Greek and Roman authors as models of style. Hence the period in literature is often described as neoclassic. The Industrial Revolution

?Merchants and tradesmen achieved tremendous economic power at this time. Scientific discoveries were encouraged. Many important inventions--for example, the spinning jenny, the power loom, and the steam engine--brought about an industrial society. Cities grew in size, and London began to assume its present position as a great industrial and commercial center.

Representative Writers

?. The representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, Alexander Pope, the poet, Edward Gibbon, the historian, Daniel Defoe Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Oliver Goldsmith, the novelists and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the dramatist. In their works, these writers criticized different

aspects of contemporary England, discussed social problems, and even touched upon morality and private conduct. They intended to reform social life according to a more reasonable principle.

Addison and Steele

?The modern essay began in two periodicals, The Tatler, founded by Sir Richard Steele, and The Spectator, founded by Steele and Joseph Addison. The kindly and witty essays by these men appealed to the middle class in the coffeehouses rather than to the nobility in their palaces. The aim of The Spectator, Addison said, was " . . . to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality." Steele and Addison's essays are still models of clear, informal writing.

Daniel Defoe

?Most people think of Defoe only as the author of Robinson Crusoe; but when Defoe wrote that novel, he had already lived a life full enough for three ordinary mortals. Defoe was first of all a journalist, with an eye for a news story. Single-handedly he produced a newspaper, The Review, which was an important ancestor of modern newspapers. The list of Defoe's writings runs to more than 400 titles. In all of them, articles and books, is the kind of writing that Defoe recommended to others--a "plain and homely style." Even the great novels of his last years, Moll Flanders and Robinson Crusoe, read like a modern reporter's account of events

Jonathan Swift

?Scornful prose genius, is one of the great prose writers of all time. Although born in Ireland, Swift always said that he was an Englishman. His defense of the Irish people against the tyranny of the English government, however, was whole-hearted. As much as he may have disliked Ireland, he disliked injustice and tyranny more. In a bitter pamphlet,

A Modest Proposal, he ironically suggested that the Irish babies be specially fattened for

profitable sale as meat, since the English were eating the Irish people anyhow, by heavy taxation.

?Swift's masterpiece is Gulliver's Travels. It is a satire on human folly and stupidity. Swift said that he wrote it to vex the world rather than to divert it. Most people, however, are so delightfully entertained by the tiny Lilliputians and by the huge Brobdingnagians that they do not bother much with Swift's bitter satire on human pettiness or crudity. No one has ever written English prose with greater sharpness and economy than Swift. His literary style has all the 18th-century virtues at their best.

Satire in Pope's Poetry

?The genius of Alexander Pope lay in satirical poetry. He said that he wanted to "shoot folly as it flies,/ And catch the manners living as they rise." The Dunciad lists the stupid writers and men of England by name as dunces. Pope excelled in his ability to coin unforgettable phrases. Such lines as "fools rush in where angels fear to tread" or "damn with faint praise" illustrate why Pope is the most quoted poet in English literature except for Shakespeare. One of his lighter, though still satirical, poems is The Rape of the Lock.

It mockingly describes a furious fight between two families when a young man snips off a lock of the beautiful Belinda's hair. Pope wrote in heroic couplets, a technique in which he has been unsurpassed. In thought and form he carried 18th-century reason and order to its highest peak

Start of the Modern Novel

?The modern era can be grateful to the 18th for developing the novel. Samuel Richardson wrote the first modern novel--that is, one with a fairly well-planned plot, with suspense and climax, and with some attempt to understand the minds and hearts of the characters.

This important novel, Pamela, is made up of letters from Pamela Andrews. She tells of her unhappy attempts to get a husband, but the book ends happily.

Henry Fielding

?Henry Fielding was amused by Pamela and parodied it in Joseph Andrews, which purports to be the story of Pamela's brother. Seven years later he wrote Tom Jones, one of the greatest novels in English literature. It tells the story of a young foundling who is driven from his adopted home, wanders to London, and eventually, for all his suffering, wins his lady. The picture of English life, both in the country and in the city, is brilliantly drawn. The humor of the book is delightful.

Oliver Goldsmith

?Goldsmith wrote one of the best plays She Stoops to Conquer, one of the best poems The Deserted Village, and one of the best novels The Vicar of Wakefield of the latter half of the 18th century. Johnson said of his versatile friend: "[He] touched nothing that he did not adorn."

Sentimentalism

?It came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality. Sentimentalism found its expression in poetry, drama and prose fiction. The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism, but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.

?Dissatisfied with reason, which the classical appealed to, sentimentalists turned to the countryside for its material, and so is in striking contrast to classicism, which had confined itself to the clubs and drawing-rooms, and to the social and political life of London. Pope and Addison entertained and educated the middle class, but had no message for the laboring people. Meanwhile, the poetry of the sentimentalists is marked by a sincere sympathy for the poverty-stricken peasants. They wrote the ‘simple annals of the poor’, thought still in a classical style. The appearance and development of sentimentalist poetry marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite, romanticism, in English poetry.

Richard Brinsley Sheridan

?Sheridan, orator and political figure, was also a writer of comedies of manners which ridiculed social affectations and pretentiousness. His masterpiece, The School for Scandal, features malicious gossips with such revealing names as Sir Benjamin Backbite, Lady Sneerwell, and Mrs. Candour. For another of his clever plays, The Rivals, Sheridan invented the unforgettable Mrs. Malaprop, whose name remains to this day the designation for a person who misuses words. In one memorable speech she says, "if I reprehend anything in this world, it is the use of my oracular tongue and a nice derangement of epitaphs."

William Blake

?Blake was both poet and artist. He not only wrote books, but he also illustrated and

printed them. Many of his conservative contemporaries thought him insane because his ideas were so unusual. Chief among these "insane" ideas was his devotion to freedom and universal love. He was interested in children and animals--the most innocent of God's creatures. As he wrote in Songs of Innocence: When the voices of children are heard on the green, And laughing is heard on the hill, My heart is at rest within my breast, And everything else is still. In the Songs of Experience, a much maturer work, entirely different themes are to be found, for in this collection of poems the poet drew pictures of neediness and distress and showed the sufferings of the miserable.

Robert Burns

?Burns was a Scot whose love of nature and of freedom has seldom been surpassed, scorned the false pretensions of wealth and birth (‘A man's a man for a' that.’). His nature lyrics are tenderly beautiful ('To a Mountain Daisy'); his sentimental songs are sung wherever young or old folks gather ('Auld Lang Syne', A Red, Red Rose'). His humanitarian sympathy for the world of plants and animals can still be felt in ‘To a Mouse’

必读英美文学经典作品20本

必读英美文学经典作品20本 American Literature 1、The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Howthorne《红字》霍桑著 小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活

动和直觉放在首位。因此，它不仅是美利坚合众国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作 是美利坚合众国心理分析小说的开创篇。 2、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain 《哈克贝利.芬历险记》 简称《赫克》是美国文学中的珍品,也是美国文化中的珍品。十六年前【1984】 ,美国文坛为《赫克》出版一百周年举行了广泛的庆祝活动和学术讨论,也出版了一些研究马克吐温,特别是他的《赫克》的专著。专门为一位大作家的一本名著而举行如此广泛的纪念和专门的研究,这在世界文坛上也是少有的盛事。这是因为《赫克》的意义不一般. 美国著名作家海明威说, "一切现代美国文学来自一本书, 即马克吐温的《赫克尔贝里芬历险记》……这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书,在它之前,或在它之后,都不曾有

过能与之媲美的作品。 3、The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James 《贵妇画像》 亨利.詹姆斯著】 美国小说家亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇画像》自问世以来一直受到文学评论界的关注，专家学者已从各个不同角度对女主人伊莎贝尔·阿切尔作了深入细致的研究。本文试图从一个全新的视角，即跨文化交际角度，剖析伊莎贝尔在婚姻方面所作的选择。文章指出她是该小说中跨文化交际的最大失败者，并对其失败原因作了分析。希望在跨文化交际日益频繁的今天我们都能从伊莎贝尔的生活经历中得到某种启发。

2020年7月全国自考英美文学选读试题及答案解析

全国自考2018年7月英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上(全部题目用英文作答) PART ONE(40 POINTS) I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all，1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 1. Of all the eighteenth—century British novelists ______ was the first to set out，both in theory and practice，to write specially a “comic epic in prose”，the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. A. Thomas Gray B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan C. Jonathan Swift D. Henry Fielding 2. The poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” established ______ as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day，especially “the Graveyard School”. A. Thomas Gray B. Samuel Johnson C. John Bunyan D. John Milton 3. “Do you think, because I am poor，obscure，plain，and little，I am soulless and heartless?... And if God had gifted me with some beauty，and much wealth，I should have made it as hard for you to leave me. as it is now for me to leave you. ”The quoted part is taken from ______. A. Great Expectations B. Wuthering Heights C. Jane Eyre D. Pride and Prejudice 4. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are all the following EXCEPT ______. A. Francis Bacon B. Christopher Marlowe 1

英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照

e to order, reason and rules.启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizi ng, became a very popular means of public education.其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。 6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great wr iters like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defo e, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰.德莱顿，亚历山大.蒲柏，约瑟夫.艾迪森与理查.斯蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先驱），乔纳森.斯威夫特，丹尼尔.迪福，理查.B.谢立丹，亨利.费尔丁和塞缪尔.约翰逊。 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古典时代的著作产生兴趣。 8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序，逻辑，确切及情感控制的基础上，而文学作品的价值评判标准应该看它是否为人文主义服务。 9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.由此一种温文尔雅，充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术发展起来。 10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.在几乎所有的文学形式中，新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与条框。 11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter r hymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should b e strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and t ype characters rather than individuals should be represented.戏剧必须用英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）写就；时间，地点，事件三要素必须要

英美文选

English Literature of the 18th Century The Age of Enlightenment OUTLINE The Enlightenment in Europe ?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment. It was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The Enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind. Science was to answer the actual needs and requirements of the people. The Age of Reason ?The Enlighteners were called such because what they considered to be the chief means for the betterment of the society was "enlightenment" or "education" for the people. In other words, they believed in the power of reason. They recognized no external authority of any kind. Religion, conceptions of nature, society, political systems--everything was subjected to the most merciless criticism; everything had to justify its existence at the bar (=court; seat of judgment) of reason or renounce all claim to existence. The century has also been called the Age of Reason Enlightenment in England ?The Enlightenment in England is different from that in other European countries, appeared in an epoch not preceding but after the bourgeois revolution. So the English Enlighteners, different from their French counterparts of the 18th century, did not call for the launching of a revolution but urged the carrying-on of the revolution to the finish by clearing away the feudal remnants. Augustan or Neoclassical Age ?The most striking quality of the 18th century was its optimism. It was a time that celebrated the excellence of the human mind. All creation was believed open to scrutiny. Even the descriptive historical titles of the period express the spirit of improvement and progress. Many people of the time thought they were passing through a golden period similar to that of the Roman emperor Augustus. For this reason the name "Augustan" was given to the early 18th century. Many writers of the era used ancient Greek and Roman authors as models of style. Hence the period in literature is often described as neoclassic. The Industrial Revolution ?Merchants and tradesmen achieved tremendous economic power at this time. Scientific discoveries were encouraged. Many important inventions--for example, the spinning jenny, the power loom, and the steam engine--brought about an industrial society. Cities grew in size, and London began to assume its present position as a great industrial and commercial center. Representative Writers ?. The representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, Alexander Pope, the poet, Edward Gibbon, the historian, Daniel Defoe Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding, Oliver Goldsmith, the novelists and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the dramatist. In their works, these writers criticized different

英美文学选读试题详解4

英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩：30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案：C 考生答案：D 本题得分：0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness （P518para2）迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面，而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的，所以答案是C。 标准答案：C 考生答案：A

英美文学选读考前总复习中英文版

一.What is the theme of Beowulf? 这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。这首诗是自然界神话与英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。 Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends. 二.莎士比亚（1）四个悲剧。（二）四大悲剧的共同之处？3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。 1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是：哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白。 2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄，谁面临着人类生活的不公，陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运与整个国家的命运息息相关。 3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质；老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力；麦克白的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行 1.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. 2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. 3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes 三.试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。 1.主要特点是既不是仅仅是个人的也不是类型；他们是代表某些类型的个人。每个字符都有他或她自己的个性；与此同时，他们可能与别人分享功能。 2.通过运用心理分析的方法，莎士比亚成功探索刻画心灵。 3.莎士比亚很少发明自己的情节；相反，他借用他们的一些旧的戏剧或故事书，或从古希腊和古罗马的来源。 4.在他的著作中，伪装也是重要的设备，打造

英美文学选读试题详解3

英美文学选读-阶段测评3 成绩：87.5分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.docsj.com/doc/0016534319.html,wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces. A、The Rainbow，Women in Love B、The Rainbow，Sons and Lovers C、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s Lover D、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》 标准答案：A 考生答案：A 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land. A、―Prufrock‖ B、―Gerontion‖ C、The Hollow Men D、Lyrical Ballads （P358.para3）―Gerontion‖是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B

本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分 https://www.docsj.com/doc/0016534319.html,wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ). A、The Rainbow B、Women in Love C、Sons and Lovers D、Lady Chatterley’s Lover （P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。 标准答案：C 考生答案：C 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 4 本题分数:2.5 分 The typical representatives of G.B.Shaw’ s early plays are( ). A、Man and Superman，The Apple Cart B、Widowers’ House，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession C、Candida，Mrs. Warren’ s Profession D、The Apple Cart，Widowers’ House （P321-322）。萧伯纳的第一步剧作是Widowers’ House，写于1892年；第二部剧作是Mrs. Warren’ s Profession，写于1893年。 标准答案：B 考生答案：B 本题得分：2.5 分 题号: 5 本题分数:2.5 分 It was only after the publication of( )that https://www.docsj.com/doc/0016534319.html,wrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.

英美文选读2

Chapter 2: The Neoclassical Period General Introduction 考核要求: 1. 识记： （1）新古典主义时期的界定 （2）政治经济背景 （3）启蒙运动的意义与影响 2. 领会： （1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点 （2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点 3. 应用：启蒙运动，新古典主义，英雄双行诗，英国现实主义小说等名词的解释 考点串讲: 1. Duration: Neoclassical period is the one in English literature between the return of Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1978. It’s in fact a turbulent period. 2. Political Background: The marking events: The restoration of Charles II in 1660 The Glorious Revolution in 1689 Constant strife between the monarch and the parliament Constant strife between big parties—the Tories and Whigs Constant strife between ruling class and the laboring poor Constant strife between religious sects, such as the Roman Catholicism and protestants (church of England) The eighteenth century saw the fast development of England as a nation

自考英美文学选读 第一章 文艺复兴时期(英国)(课文翻译)

英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。

英美文学考题-

英美文学 I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. 1、The Age of Realism in the literary history of the United States refers to the period from ____to____. A. 1861...1914 B. 1863 (1918) C. 1865...1914 D. 1865 (1918) 2、____is not the representative writer in the Age of Realism in the literary history of the United States. A. Henry James B. Emily Dickinson C. William Dean Howells D. Mark Twain 3、The impact of ____on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American of letters gave rise to American naturalism. A. Darwin’s evolutionary theory B. Marxist theory C. Transcendentalism D. Puritanism 4、____is not the work of Mark Twain. A. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B. Adventures of Tom Sawyer C. Life on the Mississippi D. The Mill on the Floss 5、Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is against____. A. British colonists B. slavery C. chauvinism D. monocracy II. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook . 1、The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as “____”. 2、While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life ” of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid greater emphasis on the ____ of man. 3、The works of Mark Twain are characterized with ____. 4、In 1859, Darmin published____, which exerted great influence on American Naturalism. 5、____is regarded as “the true father of our national literature”. 6、Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is famous for its characterization of ____. 7、____and the West became Twain’s major theme. 8、In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain makes sharp contrasts between____. 9、Henry James won his literary reputation for his novels of ____. 10、James’s realism is characterized by his ____ approach to his subject matter.

英美文选论述题

1.What makes “The adventures of Huckleberry Finn” more than a child’s adventure story? Briefly discuss the question from the following aspects: the setting，the language，the character(s)and the style. A.Setting: in the novel, Mark twain recreates a small-town world of America and presents the local color. https://www.docsj.com/doc/0016534319.html,nguage: He uses simple, direct language faithful to the colloquial speech, the vernacular language of the local people. C.Character(s): The author recreates two rebels and fugitives running away from civilization, especially Huckleberry Finn, an innocent boy who refuses to accept the conventional village morality. D.Theme: The novel is a criticism of social injustice, hypocrisy, conservativeness and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society. E.Style: The novel employs a humorous style of narration and is also highly symbolic with the central symbol. 8.What is the theme of poem “Paradise lost”, and why did John Milton write this poem? A.The theme is the "Fall of Man," i.e. man's disobedience and the loss of Paradise, with its prime cause-Satan. B.Satan is a rebellious figure against God in literature, defe He tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.ated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost” and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. 2.Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England. A. Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of the middle class. a. Industrial Revolution; b. The expansion of international markets; c. The middle class was a revolutionary class then and quite different from the feudal aristocratic class. They were people who had known poverty and hardship, and most of them had obtained their present social status through hard work. They believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work. To work, to economize and to accumulate wealth constituted the whole meaning of their life. d. Literature should provide a realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it should meet the demand of the middle class peopl e. B. Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtues of the middle class people. With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.

英美文学测试题1

测试题（1） 1.Of the four alternative answers, choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1.Spenser is regarded as one of the greatest poets in the English Renaissance. His masterpiece is _______________. a.Utopia b. The Song of Beowulf C. The Faerie Queene D. The Canterbury Tales 2.Which of the following is not Malowe’s play? a.Tamlurlaine the Great b. The Jew of Malta c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus d. Cymbeline 3. “Hamlet” “Othello” “King Lear” and “_________” are regarded as Shake speare’s four great tragedies. a. Macbeth b. Romeo and Juliet c. The Winter’s Tale d. Tempest 4. Of the following plays by Shakespeare, which is not a comedy? a. Midsummer Night Dream b. The Merchant of Venice c. Twelfth Night d. Romeo and Juliet 5. Which of the following is not a historical play by Shakespeare? a. Henry VI b. Henry IV c. Richard III D. Charles I 6. From the following choose the one which is not Francis Bacon’s work. a. The Advancement of Learning b. The New Instrument c. Essays d. Venus and Adonis 7. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ___________________. a. songs b. plays c. comedies d. sonnets 8. English Renaissance Period was an age of __________. a. prose and novel b. poetry and drama c. essays and journals d. ballads and songs 9. Of the following _______was the important metaphysical poet. a. John Donne b. Ben Johnson c. John Milton d. George Peele 10. Of the following “________” was not written by Milton. a. Paradise Lost b. Paradise regained c. Samson Agonistes d. Volpone 11. “Dr. Faustus” is a play based on the _______legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end. a. English b. French c. German D. Irish 12. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his _______plays. 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. a. 47 b. 38 c. 27 d. 52 13. The principle of Shakespeare’s historical play is that the national ______under a mighty and jut sovereign is a necessity. a. peace b. prosperity c. unity d. progress 14. “Romeo and Juliet” though a tragedy, is permeated with ____________spi rit. a. optimistic b. pessimistic c. satirical d. realistic