英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料-(专升本英语语法-词汇-阅读理解、翻译)

语法七大语法考试重点

一独立主格

（一）：独立主格结构的构成：

名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；

名词(代词)+形容词；

名词(代词)+副词；

名词(代词)+不定式；

名词(代词) +介词短语构成。　

（二）独立主格结构的特点：

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

The test finished, we began our holiday.

　= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.　

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

　= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

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Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　

This done, we went home.

　The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.　

　He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

二过去完成时

1）概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。

2）用法

　a.　在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

　b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

　c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.

3)　过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

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By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

　Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

典型例题　

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.　

A. had written, left　B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left　D. were writing, had left

　注意：had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

三强调结构

考试重点：

强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…；强调句型用来强调状语。

一、强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…。

二、强调句型用来强调状语。

1、It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.

A. where

B. in which

C. which d. that

2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _______she is respected by them.

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A. that

B. which

C. what

D. who

3、It was not until she arrived in class _________realized she had forgotten her book.

A. and she

B. when

C. she

D. that she

四情态动词

考试重点：

情态动词+完成时

情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。

一、must +现在完成时 表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。

1、Mr. Green _____ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.

A. must have received

B. must have failed to receive

C. must receive

D. must fail to receive

2、I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

A. would have had

B. could have had

C. should have had

D. must have had

二、should （ought to ）+完成时　表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。

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1、They have done things they ought _____.

A. not to do

B. not to be done

C. not to have done

D. not having done

2、I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.

A. had a telephone

B. have phoned

C. should have phoned

D. should be phoned

三、could +完成时 表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感

到惋惜，遗憾。

1、He could have joined us, but he didn’t get our invitation in time.

2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.

五虚拟语气

考试重点：

虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that引导的主语从句；It is time （that）…句型中。

一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：

虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：

1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.

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A. had known

B. have known

C. knew

D. know

2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?

A. spoke

B. speak

C. had spoken

D. will speak

3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.

A. would come

B. would have come

C. had come

D. came

二、if的省略形式　

在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were , had, should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.

A. If I realized

B. Had I realized

C. Did I have realized that

D. As I realized

2、_____, I should ask them some questions.

A. Should they come to us

B. If they come to us

C. Were they come to us

D. Had they come to us

三、含蓄条件句

　有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。

1、Without your help, we _____ so much.

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A. didn’t achieve

B. would not have achieved

C. will not achieve

D. don’t achieve

2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.

A. should have

B. would have had

C. would have

D. will have had

四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句

wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语＋wish ＋从句（主语＋过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语＋wish +从句（主语＋过去完成时）；

1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.

A. could study

B. studied

C. had studied

D. would study

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.

A. were

B. would be

C. had been

D. will be

五、would rather＋句子（过去时）

1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.

A. rather

B. better

C. happier

D. further

I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.

A. come

B. would come

C. came

D. have come

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六、以as if，as though引导的从句

在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。

1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. had known

D. would have known

2、You are talking as if you had seen them

七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。类似的动词有：propose，order，demand，require，request等。

1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.

A. had

B. would have

C. have

D. was going to have

2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.

A. put on

B. puts on

C. to put

D. putting on

八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。

1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.

A. comes

B. will come

C. come

D. may come

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2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.

A. will be arranged

B. must be arranged

C. be arranged

D. would be arranged

九、It is time (that)…引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。

1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident.

A. do

B. will do

C. did

D. must do

2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

A. give up

B. gave up

C. would give up

D. should give up

六状语从句

在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。

一、时间状语从句

常用的连词有：when，whenever（无论什么时候），since，as，until，hardly…when，no sooner…than，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一…就…）

1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _____ it started raining hard.

A. when

B. than

C. then

D. after

2、She has wanted to become a nurse _____ since she was a young girl.

A. long

B. often

C. always

D. ever

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二、条件状语从句

常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要。

1、_____ I’m mistaken, I’ve seen that man before.

A. Unless

B. If

C. Because

D. Provided

2、_____ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.

A. Until

B. Unless

C. If

D. Provided

三、原因状语从句

常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用because引入；而since 表示一种间接或附带的原因；用as 只是提一下。

1、He cannot go to school because he is ill.

2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.

四、让步状语从句

常用though/although，as （尽管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等

1、In short, _____ he lives, a man belongs to some society.

A. whatever

B. whenever

C. whichever

D. wherever

2、_____, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.

A. No matter whoever you are

B. Whomever you are

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C. Whoever you are

D. No matter who are you

3、_____ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.

A. Even if

B. If only

C. Instead of

D. Despite of

4、Young _____ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.

A. that

B. as

C. although

D. however

五、方式状语从句

常用as, just as, as if/though 等词。

1、_____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.

A. It

B. That

C. What

D. As

2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.

A. knows

B. knew

C. had known

D. would have known

六、目的状语从句

常用so that , in order that, lest （以免，以防）, in case。

1、I wrote it down _____ I should forget it.

A. in case

B. in case of

C. in order that

D. for fear of

2、I’ll give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.

七、结果状语从句

常用so…that, such…that

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They are _____ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.

A. so diligent

B. such diligent

C. so much diligent

D. such very diligent 七主谓一致

考试重点：

形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式，从句做主语；a number+of+复数名词和the number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

一、名词physics （物理），maths（数学），news（新闻），means（方法），works（工厂）等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。

Every means has been tried.

二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

When and where the new hospital will be built _____ a mystery.

A. to remain

B. remains

C. remain

D. is remaining

三、当主语是a number+of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数

1、A number of cars _____ in front of my house.

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A. was parked

B. were parking

C. is parking

D. are parked

四、当主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by等短语+名词（代词）时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。

1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.

2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then.　

五、当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。当主语是each…and…，every…and every…，many a…and…结构时，谓语动词用单数。

1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.

2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

语法》》语法词汇习题(一)

1. Water is _______ short in many big cities.

A. running

B. flowing

C. becoming

D. moving

2. Excuse me for _______ you with such a small matter.

A. troubling

B. taking

C. interrupting

D. making

3. This morning our water supply was _______ because of the cold weather.

A. let down

B. cut off

C. taken up

D. brought away

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4. The market was filled with salted fish, _______ the worst smell that you can imagine.

A. sending off

B. giving up

C. sending down

D. giving off

5. It was because the applicant was too proud _______ he failed in the interview.

A. therefore

B. that

C. so that

D. so

6. Tom used to live in California, _______?

A. used he

B. did he

C. was he

D. didn’t he

7. So far there is no proof _______ people from other planets do exist.

A. which

B. how

C. what

D. that

8. Never before _______so highly successful in changing his surroundings.

A. man has been

B. man is

C. has man been

D. is man

9. _______ from the helicopter, the city looks very beautiful.

A. Seeing

B. Having seen

C. Seen

D. To see

10. The newspapers reported yesterday several _______on the boundaries of these two countries.

A. incidents

B. happenings

C. events

D. accidents

11. Some of the students in his class seem _______to do their assignments.

A. boring

B. interesting

C. tiring

D. unwilling

12. Let’s work hard to find _______to the problem.

A. an answer

B. a way

C. a method

D. a solution

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13. They have developed techniques which are _______ to those used in most factories.

A. simpler

B. better

C. superior

D. greater

14. At the beginning of this term，our English teacher _______a list of books for us to read.

A. turned out

B. made out

C. handed in

D. passed on

15. I’m sorry I have _______dictionary. You’d better go to the library.

A. not such

B. not such a

C. not a such

D. no such a

16. If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident, she _______in last month’s marathon race.

A. would participate

B. might participate

C. would have participated

D. must participate

17. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _______.

A. taking

B. take

C. taken

D. to take

18. Liquids are like solids _______they have a definite volume.

A. in which

B. that

C. in that

D. which

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专升本英语语法重点汇总

专升本英语语法重点汇总 一、动词时态及语态题（大家应该记住我所讲过的九种时态，特别是其中的过去完成，过去进行时，客观真理要用一般现在时等） 1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958. 2、By the time we got there，the play had already begun. 3、When I was a child，I knew that the earth turns about its axis. 4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day's exhausting work，his wife and children were sleeping. 二、非谓语动词题（特别是现在分词与过时分词的区别，大家一定要弄明白主动与被动这对最最重要的区别，要求大家多看我的上课笔记） 1、The film showed last night was very moving. （不用moved，大家别忘了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别） 2、Having finishing his lecture，the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question. 3、The problem being discussed is very important. 4、Given more time，we are sure to finish it. 5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here 三、It作形式主语及形式宾语题（这也是一个常考点，it本身是没有意思的，注意it 还可以指时间，天气等。） 1、It is difficult to study English wel l. 2、We think it is important to pass the exam. 四、强调句型（大家要记住的是it is （was）……that…，如果前面是it iswas 后面往往选用that，当然强调人的时候也可用who） 1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her. 2、It is what you will do that is important. 3、When was it that he bought a new car 五、倒装句型

(完整版)英语语法专业术语

英语语法专业术语 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concrete noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses

动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form

英语词汇与语法

since 英音：[sins]美音：[s?ns] 副词ad. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时) 1. 此后;从那时到现在 She left school three years ago and has worked as a nurse ever since. 她三年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士。 2. 之前,以前 介词prep. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 I haven't heard from him since last year. 我自去年以来未曾收到过他的信。 连接词conj. 1. (常用于现在完成时或过去完成时)自...以来,从...至今 It's been ten years since they married. 他们结婚到现在已经十年了。 She has been living a hard life since her husband died. 她自从丈夫死后,一直过着艰苦的生活。 2. 既然;因为,由于 He must have taken the book since it isn't here. 他一定是把书拿走了,因为书已不在这里了。 Since it is so hot, let's go swimming. 既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。 when 副词ad. 1. (用作疑问副词)什么时候,何时 I'd like to know when they'll let him out. 我想知道他们什么时候放他。 When did you last see Margaret? 你上一次见到玛格丽特是什么时候?

英语专业术语

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英语语法术语的英文名称 名词性从句：Noun Clauses. 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun