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如何写英文演讲稿

如何写英文演讲稿
如何写英文演讲稿

如何写英文演讲稿

如何写英文演讲稿

一.结构清楚,逻辑明晰

由于公共演讲一般受众为数十人甚至数百、数千人,再加上演

讲环境的不确定性(比如:观众的欢呼,或者抱怨),最好在进入主题后马上给出所讲内容的逻辑框架,以便听众更好的预判整个演讲内容,有利于他们更好地跟随演讲者的思路,达到良好的演讲效果。

比如,乔布斯在该次演讲中,开篇稍微寒暄开篇之后,就进入

正题,“TodayIwanttotellyouthreestoriesfrommylife.That’

sit.Nobigdeal.Justthreestories.”学生们马上能做出逻辑预判,

我们今天会听到乔布斯谈三点,然后具体关注是哪三点,这种演讲就具备了“audience-centeredness”(以观众为中心)的特质。

乔布斯在随后的演讲中明确提到,“Thefirststoryisaboutconnectingthedots.Mysecondstoryisabou tloveandloss.Mythirdstoryisaboutdeath.”由于这种明晰的思路,听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新,不会觉得头脑混乱,毫无所得。

当然,演讲稿的逻辑安排有多种方式,乔布斯的这篇演讲是按

照topicalorder(话题顺序)和chronologicalorder(时间顺序)来安

排的。

除此之外,还有spatialorder(空间顺

序),problem-solutionorder(提问解决顺序)等等。

大家可以根据不同的演讲内容来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和结构。

二.开篇出彩,结尾有道

演讲稿的开篇和结尾往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计,这往往是精彩演讲的亮点所在。

因此,在写作时,需要结合受众、场合和演讲内容等,争取一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣所在,结尾时,尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。

下面,将给大家具体分析基本的开篇和结尾模式,供大家以后写作参考。

开篇的目的是要吸引听众,乔布斯在该篇演讲稿中使用的是“relatethetopictotheaudience”(关联话题与听众)的方式,这是一种比较有效的方法,人们一般对自己的事情都很关注,和自己相关的事情也会格外留意,乔布斯在开篇说到,“Iamhonoredtobewithyoutodayatyourmencementfromoneofthefine stuniversitiesintheworld.Inevergraduatedfromcollege.Truthbe told,Inevergraduatedfromcollege.ThisistheclosestI’veevergottentoacollegegraduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学是最好的大学之一,就是在与听众发生关联,让大家产生好感,当然乔布斯还用了适当的幽默,更好地融洽了与听众的关系,“简洁、有效”本就是乔布斯的演讲风格。

除此之外,还有其他的一些开篇方式,我们也需要了解和掌握。

1.Statetheimportanceofyourtopic(指出演讲话题的重要性)。

直接告诉听众,你的演讲重要在哪里。

比如:今天要做的是一场“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲,那开始

就直接指出,该演讲对于大家今后的学习工作将会有重大的帮助,甚至给出一些数据和实例,让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是自己的损失。

这样,听众就会很乐意投入到该次演讲中去。

2.Startletheaudience(使听众震惊)。

例如:要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲,开篇就可以

给出一组极具冲击力的数据,让听众看到生活方式的不健康将会是多么可怕的事情,这样的震惊使听众能够快速调整状态,投入到听演讲中去。

3.Arousethecuriosityoftheaudience(引起听众的好奇心)

4.Questiontheaudience(向观众提问)。

5.Beginwithaquotation(以引用开篇)。

6.Tellastory(以故事开篇)。

这些基本开篇的方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。

结尾往往可以起到“画龙点睛”的作用,开篇正文再好,如果

结尾过于平淡,整个演讲的精彩程度都会大打折扣。

那么如何做到“结尾有道”呢?首先,我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿,他的结尾比开篇更加出彩,采用的是“endwithaquotation”,达到的效果是特别引人深思。

他在结尾说道,“StewartandhisteamputoutseveralissuesofTheWholeEarthCatalo g,andthenwhenithadrunitscourse,theyputoutafinalissue.Itwast hemid-1970s,andIwasyourage.Onthebackcoveroftheirfinalissuew asaphotographofanearlymorningcountryroad,thekindyoumightfin dyourselfhitchhikingonifyouweresoadventurous.Beneathitweret hewords:“StayHungry.StayFoolish.”Itwastheirfarewellmessageastheysignedoff.StayHungry.StayFoo lish.AndIhavealwayswishedthatformyself.Andnow,asyougraduate tobeginanew,Iwishthatforyou.StayHungry.StayFoolish.”他不仅在结尾引用这句“StayHungry.StayFoolish”,而且重复三遍,强化听众的印象,这句话也被广泛传播,被誉为该篇演讲的“精髓”。

在结尾时,可以用结束信号词让听众明白你要准备结尾了,不要让演讲结束得太突兀,比如,“Inconclusion”,“Letmeendmyspeechbysaying…”,“I’dliketoclosemyspeechthisway.”等。

具体的结尾方式很多,常见的有:

1.Summarizeyourspeech(总结演讲)。

2.Makeadramaticstatement(强有力的陈述),这个不同于引用他人之言,往往是演讲者自己的沉淀和呐喊,非常经典的演讲是PatrickHenry’slegendary“LibertyorDeath”oration.他在结尾时说道,”

Islifesodear,orpeacesosweet,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchai nsandslavery?Forbidit,AlmightyGod!Iknownotwhatcourseothersm aytake;butasforme,givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.”

3.refertotheintroduction(首尾呼应)。

这是体现演讲内在统一的很经典的形式,值得借鉴。

三.观点阐释,有效支撑

毫无疑问,主体段的信息量最大,写作量也是最大,如何更清

晰地阐释演讲者的观点,有效支撑分论点,是写作时应该把握的关键。

在明晰了写作逻辑之后,就要围绕这些逻辑要点来展开论证。

乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中,逻辑要点有三:

1.Thefirststoryisaboutconnectingthedots.

2.Mysecondstoryisab outloveandloss.

3.Mythirdstoryisaboutdeath.他在阐释中主要运

用了以下手段。

首先,举例子。

文中用了大量的例子来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡,比

如他说起自己决定辍学然后旁听有意思的课程,这些课当时对他没什么实质的帮助,但是十年后在当他设计第一款Macintosh电脑的时候,这些东西全派上了用场,这个例子充分说明了他要讲的第一个要点,

串起生命中的点滴。

在随后的文中,乔布斯大量地讲述了他事业生活中的例子,让

听众感受到真实的力量和鼓舞。

其次,引用。

他除了在文章最后用到了引用,文中也不乏引用的痕迹,比如在讲到死亡时,他引用了一句格言,“Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwasyourlast,somedayyou’llmostcertainlyberight.”这句话能表明他对于死亡的态度。

恰到好处的引用往往能使听众印象深刻。

第三.数据。

在讲第二个故事——关于爱和失去时,乔布斯用到了一系列数据来支撑观点。

他说自己是幸运的,因为,“IstartedAppleinmyparentsgaragewhenIwas20.Weworkedhard,and in10yearsApplehadgrownfromjustthetwoofusinagarageintoa$2bil lionpanywithover4000employees.Wehadjustreleasedourfinestcre ation-theMacintosh-ayearearlier,andIhadjustturned30.”数据很直观,能让听众有直接的认识和理解。

除了以上提到的主体段展开方式,还有一些常用的手段,比如:testimony(引证),可以用专家的观点增强演讲的信度,也可以用普通人的一手经验证明自己的观点。

另外,大家还需要了解的是,举例分为简短的例子,具体深入的例子和假想的例子;数据包括单一数据,组合数据等等。

如何才能更加有效掌握这些演讲写作的要点呢?有三点建议: 1.多看。

多看一些演讲素材,比如名人演讲,演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等,积累大量的一手素材,当然也有必要阅读关于英语公共演讲的书籍,本人非常推荐StephenE.Lucas的《演讲的艺术》。

2.多想。

学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因,可以从上面讲的几点入手。

3.多练。

在有一定积淀和感觉之后,就要大量练习写作演讲稿,话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取,实用性要强,这样练起来更有兴趣和成就感。

最后,大家要明白一点,好的公共演讲除了演讲稿要好,还有别的很多因素绝不可忽视,比如:语言质量,肢体语言,视觉辅助,语音语调,临场反应,现场把控能力等,这些结合在一起才能最终让你成为一个优秀的公共演讲者。

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