2019年高考英语题型步步衔接 专题19 科普阅读(含解析)

19 科普阅读

【母题】【2018·湖北卷高考阅读理解】

【母题原题】

【2018·湖北卷】D

The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.

First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, wh o returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”

On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.

Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks your’re falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ign ore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.

Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronau tics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.

63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?

A. Deciding on a proper sleep position

B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag

C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly

D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.

64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.

A. the y circle around on their bikes

B. they use microcomputers without a stop

C. they exercise in one place for a long time

D. they watch a movie while pedaling

65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.

A. their senses stop working

B. they have to stand up straight

C. they float out of their seats unexpectedly

D. whether they are able to go back to the station

66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.

A. how much exercise they do on the station

B. how they can remain healthy for long in space

C. whether they can recover after returning home

D. whether they are able to go back to the station

【参考答案】

A C D B

【

【考试方向】考查科普类阅读理解。

【得分要点】

科普类说明文历来是高考阅读理解

1. Six seconds after its launch in Virginia, US, an unmanned rocket bound for the International Space

Station （ISS） exploded, disappointing people both on Earth and in space．

Hundreds of millions of dollars worth of cargo was destroyed in the Oct． 28 explosion due to An“equipment failure”, said Orbital Sciences, the company hired by NASA for the resupply mission．The rocket was carrying a cargo ship loaded with 2,200 kilograms of supplies such as food, tools, parts, and experiments． Roughly a third of the cargo was a series of scientific investigations． Some of them were from high school students in the US． For example, 10 students from the Cristo Rey Jesuit College Preparatory School of Houston were conducting experiments about microgravity and put their samples on the rocket．“I know that failure is a part of science, but I really feel sorry for my students," science teacher Greg Adragna told the Houston, Chronicle ．

Astronauts at the ISS felt a more urgent disappointment, however． The cargo included 617kg of food． Now they will have to rely on supplies from a Russian launch on Oct． 29．

Launched in 1998 and involving the US, Russia, Canada, Japan, and the member countries of the European Space Agency, the ISS is one of the most ambitious international collaborations in history． Currently, there are six astronauts at the station, five male and one female． Three are from Russia, two are from the US, and one is from Germany． They have lived together for about six months． The station gets regular resupplies from Earth, using unmanned spacecrafts． Food is always a big part of the supplies． Most of the food is frozen and ready to eat, and often tastes bad-somewhat like trying to eat when you have a heavy cold．

To make space life better, however, scientists have made breakthroughs． Earlier this year, Russian astronauts managed to grow a variety of crops aboard the station． Next year they are going to try to grow rice and other plants． And, as transporting water to space is expensive, astronauts are looking for ways to recycle water． "Astronauts on board the ISS already drink water distilled from sweat and urine<尿） ," Russian news agency RIA Novosti reported．

Is that the reason the astronauts were so disappointed not to get the water from the failed resupply mission, by any chance?

1． What is the author-s main purpose in writing the article?

A．To explain what caused the explosion of NASA-s unmanned rocket．

B．To inform us of the explosion of NASA-s unmanned rocket and its effects．

C．To tell us about astronauts lives at the International Space Station．

D．To tell us how the world reacted to the explosion of NASA-s unmanned rocket．

2．The underlined word “cargo” in the second paragraph is closet in meaning to

A． goods B． equipment

C． food supply D． investigation

3．How did teacher Greg Adragna feel about the explosion of the rocket?

A． Angry． B． Anxious．

C． Frustrated． D． Unconcerned．

4．We can conclude from the article that the situation seemed for astronauts on board the ISS when the rocket exploded．

A． hopeless B． interesting

C． depressing D． dangerous

5．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the ISS, according to the article?

A． Half of the astronauts at the ISS are from the US．

B． The ISS was set up by four countries．

C． The water that astronauts at the ISS drink is mainly made by recycling．

D． Most of the food astronauts eat at the ISS is frozen and tastes bad．

【答案】

1．B

2．A

3．C

4．C

5．D

考点：考查新闻阅读

2．Not long ago, few little girls imagined they could grow up to be astronauts. In 1983, that changed. Sally Ride made history by becoming the first American woman to travel into space.

Ride died at the age of 61. “Sally was a national hero and a powerful role model,” President Barack Obama said in a statement.

Ride became interested in space when she was a kid. “If you asked me when I was 12 whether I wanted

to be an astronaut, I’m sure I would have said yes,” she told TFK in a 2018 interview. “But I didn’t even think about that as a possible career.”

After studying physics in college and graduate school, Ride got her chance. She was accepted into NASA’s astronaut training program in 1978, and then chosen to be the first Americ an female in space. In 1983, she blasted into space aboard the Challenger shuttle. “There is no amusement park ride on Earth that even comes close. It can’t be more wonderful,” she said.

Ride returned to space on the Challenger a second time in 1984. In the two missions, she spent a total of 343 hours in orbit. After that, she remained involved with the space program and also worked to share her passion for space with kids. She wrote five science books about space for children, and started her own science education company.

Ride knew that she held a unique place in history. “I realized how important it was for a woman to break that barrier and open the door for other women to be able to do the same exciting things that men had been doing,” she said.

Since Ri de’s historic trip, more than 40 other American women have traveled to space. They all had Ride to thank for opening the door to the final frontier.

Which of the following is true?

A. Sally was the first person to travel to space in America.

B. Sally wanted to be an astronaut even when she was a pupil.

C. Sally was interested in space, so she chose astronautics as her major.

D. Sally graduated from college and first traveled to space in 1983.

From the fifth paragraph, we know that Sally .

A. was good at doing business

B. wanted to be rich by doing business

C. became a famous writer at last

D. had a lasting interest in space

What can we infer from the text?

A. Sally inspired many American women to travel to space.

B. Sally made great contributions to American economic development.

C. Women astronauts used to be looked down upon in American history.

D. The government did not allow women to become astronauts in the past.

【答案】

B

D

A

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英语 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 (共5小题;每小题分，满分分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡. B. ￡. C. ￡. 答案是C。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a classroom. 2. How does the woman feel now? A. Relaxed. B. Excited. C. Tired. 3. How much will the man pay? A. $520. B. $80. C. $100. 4. What does the man tell Jane to do? A. Postpone his appointment. B. Meet Mr. Douglas. C. Return at 3 o’clock. 5. Why would David quit his job? A. To go back to school. B. To start his own firm. C. To work for his friend. 第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。