质量管理练习(简答题)

“质量”的含义是广义

还包括工作质量。全面质量管理不仅要管好产品本身的质量，还要管好质量赖以产生和形成的工作质量，并以工作质量为重点。产品质量与工作质量是既不相同又密切联系的两个概念。产品质量取决于工作质量，工作质量是保证产品质量的前提条件。产品质量是企业各部门、各环节工作质量的综合反映，因此，实施质量管理，既要搞好产品质量，又要搞好工作质量。而且，应该把重点放在工作质量上，通过保证和提高工作质量来保证产品质量。区分产品质量和工作质量这两个概念的意义，就在于能促使人们注意不断改进工作，从而提高企业管理水平，提高产

求繁荣②系统的观点③“用户至上”，用户第一，下道工序就是用户④质量是设计、制造出来的，

而不是检验出来的⑤预防为主的观点⑥数据是质量管理的根本，一切用数据说话⑦经济的观点⑧突

①全员参加的质量管理②全过程的质量管理③全企业的质量管理④全

社会推动的质量管理。

1质量教育工作。

主要包括两个方面，一方面是全面质量管理的基本思想和基本原理的宣传和教育，另一方面是职工

技术业务的培训和教育。2标准化工作。包括技术标准和管理标准，是衡量产品质量和各项工作质

量的尺度，也是企业进行生产技术活动和经营管理工作的依据。3计量工作。计量管理工作包括精

密测量、理化实验和技术鉴定等工作。4质量信息工作质量信息指的是反映产品质量和产供销各环

节工作质量的原始记录、基础数据以及产品使用过程中反映的各种信息资料。5质量责任制。建立

质量责任制是企业开展全面质量管理的一项基础性工作，也是企业建立质量体系中不可或缺的内

容。

（1）

整个企业的质量保证体系构成一个大的管理循环，而各级、各部门的管理又都有各自的PDCA循环。

上一级循环是下一级循环的依据，下一级循环是上一级循环的组成部分和具体保证，大环套小环，

小环保大环，一环扣一环，推动大循环。（2）管理循环每转一周就提高一步。管理循环如同爬扶梯

一样，逐级升高，不停地转动，质量问题不断得到解决，管理水平、工作质量和产品质量就能达到

新的水平。（3）关键在于“处理”这个阶段。“处理”就是总结经验，肯定成绩，纠正错误，以利

完善。为了做到这一点，必须加以“制度化”、“标准化”、“程序化”以便在下一循环进一步巩固成

绩，避免重犯错误，同时也为快速地解决间题奠定了基础。

法的过程中，由于过分强调了质量控制的数理统计方法，搬用了大量的数学原理和复杂的计算，又

不注意数理统计方法的通俗化和普及化工作，忽视了组织管理工作，使得人们误认为“质量管理就

是数理统计方法”，“数理统计方法理论深奥”，“质量管理是数学家的事情”，因而对质量管理产生

了一种高不可攀的感觉，令人“望而生畏”，这都影响和妨碍了统计质量管理方法的普及和推广，

使它未能充分地发挥应有的作用。

电气公司的质量总经理菲根堡姆。1961年，他出版了《全面质量管理》一书。该书强调质量职能应由公司全体人员来承担，解决质量问题不能仅限于产品制造过程，质量管理应贯穿于产品质量产生、形成和实现的全过程，且解决质量问题的方法是多种多样的，不能仅限于检验和数理统计方法。他指出：全面质量管理是为了能够在最经济的水平上，并考虑到充分满足用户要求的条件下进行市场研究、设计、生产和服务，把企业各部门的研制质量、维持质量和提高质量的活动构成为一个有效的体系。由此产生了“全面质量管理”的思想。

）画因果图时必须开充分发扬民主，畅所欲言，各抒己见，集思广益，把每个人的意见都一一记录在图上。（2）确定要分析的主要质量问题（特性）。因果图是只能用于单一目的的研究分析工具。即一个主要质量问题只能画一张因果图，多个主要质量问题则应画多张因果图。（3）因果关系要层次分明，最高层次关系的原因就寻求到可以直接采取具体措施为止。（4）“要因”一定要确定在末端因素上。（5）对末端因素应进行论证，谁通过的“要因”一定要在对策表上反映出来

（1）控制图用于何处？（2）如何选择控制对象？（3）怎样选择控制图？（4）如何分析控制图？（5）对于点子出界或违反其他准则的处理。（6）对于过程而言，控制图起着报警铃的作用，控制图点子出界就好比报警铃响，告诉现在是应该进行查找原因、采取措施、防止再犯的时刻了。（7）控制图的重新制定。

．总体结构更新，通俗易懂2．确定质量管理八项基本原则3．IS09000是认证注册的惟一标准4．采用了过程方法，操作性强5．强化了最高管理者对质量管理体系的作用和责任6．较全面地考虑所有相关方的利益7．增强与环境管理等其他管理体系的相容性8．突出顾客满意和持续改进9．明确了对体系、过程的测量要求 10．增强了对数据分析的要求 11．加强了资源管理 12．文件化程序强制要求弱化。13．允许删除新版标规定，对“产品实现”一章的内容，可以删减那些针对实际不存在的情况的要求。

法和信息应有意义③评价方法、实验方法不能采用非标准方法，而必须采用ISO标准、地区标准、国家标准或技术上能保证再现性的实验方法④应具有公开性和透明度，但不应损害机密的商业信息⑤非歧视性⑥能进行特殊的有效的信息传递和教育培训⑦应不产生贸易障碍、对国内外应一致

1）质量管理体系能够帮助组织增进顾客满意；（2）质量管理体系方法鼓励组织分析顾客要求，规定相关的过程，并使其持续受控，以实现顾客能接受的产品；（3）质量管理体系能提供持续改进的框架，以增加顾客和其他相关方满意的可能性；（4）质量管理体系还就组织能够提供持续满足要求的产品，向组织及其顾客提供信任。

质量管理简答题.doc

项目质量管理 简答/论述题：【复习重点】 1.质量管理八项原则？P19 【1】以顾客为关注焦点；【2】领导作用；【3】全员参与；【4】过程方法；【5】管理的系统方法；【6】持续改进；【7】以事实为决策基础；【8】与供应商保持互利的关系。2.进入质量预控的基本步骤是什么?/如何进行项目质量预控？P219 项目质量预控就是针对控制对象预测造成质量问题的因素，拟订质量控制计划，设计控制程序，制定检验评定标准，提出解决有关问题的对策，编制质量制手册等，是一种科学的管理方法。它主要包括以下几个方面： （1）影响因素预测。通过因素分析并参照以往的经验等途径，对在项目实施中可能出现的影响质量的因素加以分析、整理，并绘制成因果分析图。 （2）拟订质量控制计划。一个可行的质量控制计划必须有效而经济，为此在制定计划时必须考虑项质量目目标。 （3）设计控制程序。控制程序规定了在项目实施过程中，不同的阶段所需进行的质量控制内容和方法。 （4）制定检验评定标准。检验评定标准是判断项目质量状况的依据，应根据有关规范；标准；结合具体情况加以制订。 （5）确定对策。根据所预测的影响项目质量的因素，提出对策，并归纳为对策表。 编制质量控制手册，质量控制手册是项目质量控制的指导性文件。 3.什么是控制图？控制图分为几大类？每一类包括什么内容？P155 控制图：可以用于区分质量波动是由于偶然因素引起还是由于异然因素引起的，从而判断项目实施过程是否处于控制状态的一种有效工具。 根据控制对象的不同，控制图分为计量值控制图和计数值控制图。计量值控制图包括：【1】平均值与极差控制图；【2】平均值与标准差控制图；【3】中位图与极差控制图；【4】单值与移动极差控制图；计数值控制图包括：【1】不合格品数控制图；【2】不合格品率控制图；【3】缺陷数控制图；【4】缺陷率控制图。 4.简述合格控制类型？P202 根据所采用的合格控制方法：【1】抽查；该方法通常要求从每批项目产品中抽取一定比例样品作为样本，做通过或通不过的检验，符合规定要求的予以验收。【2】全检；对产品逐一加以检查，合格者接收，不合格者拒收。【3】合格证检查；【4】抽样验收检查。5.标准化与质量管理有何关系？P245 【1】标准化是进行质量管理的依据和基础；【2】标准化活动贯穿于项目质量管理的始终；【3】标准化与质量在PDCA循环中互相推动，共同提高。 6.工序质量控制的基本原理和程序分别是什么？P230 论述题1 （1）工序质量控制的基本原理是：{1}采用数理统计方法，通过对工序一部分（子样）检验的数据，进行统计分析，以判断工序的质量是否稳定、正常；{2}若不稳定，产生异常情况，则必须采取对策和措施予以改进，从而实现对工序质量的控制。工序质量控制的基本原理决定了工序质量控制的程序。 （2）工序质量控制的基本原理决定了工序质量控制的程序；（3）工序质量管理可以简单归纳为：计划-->执行-->检查-->处理的管理控制循环系统。 其程序是：【1】确定各控制点的质量目标。根据质量方针确定控制点应达到的质量水平；【2】制订标准、规程。对所控制的工序，应制定切实可行的质量标准、技术标准、作业规程等技术文件以指导作业；【3】培训。为使工序能够按规程进行，并满足相应的标准，操作者必须首先了解并理解有关标准和规程，并贯彻到实际操作过程中。【4】作业。作业

英美文化概况试题5

山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）

质量管理简答题

《卓越绩效评价准则》的主要内容包括哪些方面？答：《卓越绩效评价准则》的主要内容包括组织的评价和七大部分，分别是领导，战略，顾客与市场，资源，过程管理，测量、分析与改进以及经营结果。其中前六项表示组织的过程，最后一个表示组织成果。 产品质量法调整的社会关系有哪些？答：产品质量法调整的社会关系分为两大类。第一类是在产品质量监督管理过程中产生的监督与被监督、管理与被管理的社会关系。这类社会关系的主体,一方面依照法律规定行使监督管理职权的产品质量监督管理机关,如我国各级技术监督局及计经委的技术质量管理处(科、室),另一方面则从事产品生产经营活动的组织或个人。第二类是在产品交换过程中产生的具有等价交换性质的社会关系。这类社会关系的主体,一方面是产品的生产者、销售者,另一方面则是产品的用户、消费者。 根据我国现行法律规定，有哪些产品质量责任？答：产品质量责任，是产品的生产经营者违反产品质量义务时应承担的法律责任。根据现行法律的规定，产品质量责任分为行政责任、经济民事责任和刑事责任。 何谓抽样检验，抽样检验适用于何种情况？答：抽样检验是按统计方法确定的抽样方案从每一批产品中抽取适当数量的部分产品作为样本，对样本中的每一个产品、每一个过程或每一项服务进行检验，通过这样的检验来判别一批产品是否符合要求。抽样检验适用于下面几种情况：生产批量大、自动化程度高、质量比较稳定的产品或工序；进行破坏性检验的产品或工序；外协件、外购件成批进货的验收检验；某些生产效率高、检验时间长的产品或工序；检验成本较高的产品或工序；漏检少量不合格品不会引起重大损失的产品或工序。 简述ISO 9000系列标准的作用。答：（1）ISO 9000系列标准的产生是卖方（供方）赢得竞争的一种手段；（2）ISO 9000系列标准的产生是保护消费者（买方）利益的必然要求；（3）ISO 9000系列标准的产生是各国政府保护本国自身利益有力武器。 简述PDCA循环的具体步骤。答：PDCA循环的具体步骤包括：（1）找出存在问题，选定课题；（2）分析产生问题的原因（即对5M1E进行调查研究）；（3）找出影响最大的原因；（4）制定措施计划（回答5W1H）；（5）执行措施计划；（6）调查效果总结经验；（7）巩固成绩；（8）找出尚未解决的问题转入下一个PDCA循环。 （1）收集数据；（2）对数据进行分组；（3）计算组平均 （5）作出控制图。 简述不同类型产品的质量特性。答：（1）硬件和流程性材料类型产品的质量特性。对于硬件和流程性材料类型的产品，产品的质量特性大致可归纳为性能、可信性、安全性、适应性、经济性、时间性六个方面。(2)服务类型产品的质量特性。对于服务类型的产品，其质量特性大致可以归纳为功能性、经济性、安全性、时间性、舒适性、文明性等六个方面。(3)软件类型产品的质量特性。对于软件类型的产品，其质量特性大致可归纳为功能性、可靠性、易使用性、效率、维护性、可移植性、保密性和经济性等八个方面。 简述成功实施六西格玛管理所必需的团队构成及分工。六西格玛管理所必需的团队构成及分工如下：（1）倡导者.倡导者是六西格玛项目的领导者。主要负责部署项目、确定目标、分配资源和监控过程等，决定“该做什么”。倡导者的支持和鼓励是六西格玛项目取得成功的最重要的驱动因素。（2）黑带大师.黑带大师是实施六西格玛管理的技术专家，级别最高，为专职六西格玛管理人员。其主要职责是：协助倡导者选择项目；挑选、培训和指导黑带；参与项目评审等，决定“该如何做”。黑带大师的技术支持是六西格玛项目成功实施的基本保证。（3）黑带。黑带是专门从事六西格玛项目的技术骨干，为全面推行六西格玛管理的中坚力量。该职位成员来自组织的各个部门，经过系统培训并取得认证，也为专职六西格玛管理人员。黑带负责配合黑带大师组建项目团队、执行项目实施方案、为绿带和员工提供六西格玛管理工具和技术的培训。同黑带大师一样，黑带在六西格玛管理中起到技术保证作用。

英美概况期末考试名词解释整理

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