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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty

I. New words and expressions New words

1. reflection n. (关于某主题的)思考,回忆

2. loyalty n. 忠诚;忠实;忠心耿耿

3. recognize v. 承认;意识到

4. betray v. 辜负;对…不忠

5. indeed adv. 其实;实际上

6. virtue n. 高尚的道德;正直的品性;德行

7. trend n. 趋势;趋向;倾向;动态;动向

8. befriend v. 做(尤指需要帮助者的)朋友;友善相待

9. request v. (礼貌或正式地)请求,要求

10. trendy adj. 时髦的;赶时髦的

11. multitude n. 众多;大量

12. mutual adj. 共有的;共同的

mutual respect / understanding

辨析:mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental

13. term n. 词语;术语:措辞

14. site n. 网站;站点

15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词

16. perish v. 丧失;湮灭;毁灭

17. thought n. 想法;看法;主意;记忆

18. gossip n. 流言蜚语

19. challenge v. 考查…的能力;考验…的技巧

20. akin adj. 相似的;类似的

21. deposit n. 存款

22. account n. 账户

accountant

current account

deposit account

23. interest n. 利息

24. well-being n. 健康;安乐;康乐

25. welfare n. (个体或群体的)幸福,安全与健康

26. essence n. 本质;实质;精髓

27. seek v. 寻找

28. notoriety n. 恶名;坏名声

notorious 相当于infamous

29. premise n. 前提;假定;

30. exploit v. 利用(…为自己谋利)

31. reconnect v. 再联系;再联络

32. virtual adj. (通过计算机软件,如在因特网上)模拟的,虚拟的

33. assure v. 使确信;向…保证

assure sb. of sth.

assure sb. that…

34. caution n. 警告;告诫

35. lyric n. 歌词

36. undisputed adj. 不容置疑的;毫无疑问的;不可争辩的

37. generation n. (统称)一代人,同代人,同辈人generation gap

four generations living under the same roof

Phrases and Expressions

1. stick by 坚持忠于;不离不弃(某人)

2. through thick and thin不畏艰难险阻

go through thick and thin

3. lead to 导致,造成(后果)

4. a multitude of 众多的;大量的

5. perish the thought 甭想了;但愿不会如此

6. engage in (使)从事,参加

7. in essence 本质上

8. assure…of…使放心;向…保证

9. pay attention to 注意

10. warn…of…警告某人某事

II. Text Learning

Reflections: Friendship and loyalty

①How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of(参考Unit1,TextA)a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.(承上句)

②The current trend on the internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend.However, this new trend may lead to disasters.(承上句)It may be popular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.

③A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, "Will they share my private matters with others on the pages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me with others?" (1)If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.

本部分重点及难点:

1. If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely(很有可能), they will not be your best friends forever.

more than likely: very likely

more than happy: very happy

more than pleased: very pleased

请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!

【单选题】6. He is _______ willing to shall his happiness with us.

?A.more

?B.more than

?C.enough

?D.too

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查more than+adj.。"more than"后接形容词相当于"very+形容词",本句中more than willing意为"非常乐意"。句子的意思是"他非常乐意同我们分享他的幸福。"注意D 选项:too…to…意为"太……以至于不能……"意思不符。

【知识点】more than+adj

④I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be

challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.

⑤(2)Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More

often than not, your deposits gain internet, an internet in

your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. (3)In essence, water does seek its own level.(承上、总结的句子)

⑥(4)If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you

understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.(承上句)

⑦A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.

⑧Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However,a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you'd better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, "A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend." Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.

本部分重点及难点:

2. Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account.

(1) akin to: similar to

(2) make a deposit in a bank account 往银行账户存款

make withdrawals from a bank account

3. In essence, water does seek its own level. 本质上,水自然会向下流--朋友间总是惺惺相惜。

4. If you were a B.L.F. way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I'm sure you understand the priise of loyalty in a friend.

way (与介词或副词连用,加强程度)very far 很远

如:She finished the race way ahead of the other runners. 她第一个跑到终点,远远领先于其他选手。

The shot was way off target. 这次射的远离目标。

The price is way above what we can afford. 价格高得我们绝对付不起。

way back: a long time ago 很久以前

I first met him way back. 我和他初次见面时很久以前的事了。

III. 部分练习讲解

P149 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.

解题方法:把词分类

while(连词) share(动词/名词) on(介词)unique(形容词)whatever (连接词)

that(关系代词/指示代词/连接词)opposites(名词)a couple of (数词)personalities (名词)wisely(副词)

In the daily drama and comedy of our life, it's nice to have friends. ___1 While___ family is extremely important, friends are a different support system of your choosing. As the saying goes, you can't choose your family, but you can choose your friends." Choosing them___2 wisely___ can make your life more exciting and inspiring.

Deciding whom you choose as your friends says as much about you as it does them.You may choose your friends based ___3 on___ similar interests. You may choose them because you're both polar ___4 opposites___ of each other and find this interesting and intriguing. Often, friends become "friends" because they naturally gravitate(被吸引)towards each other because of similar ___5 personalities___ and temperaments. Sometimes it's just circumstances ___6 that___ bring two individuals together who then become friends.

___7 Whatever___ prompts a friendship, developing one is a very rewarding experience. This is especially true when, before you know it, a certain friendship turns into

a ___8unique___ lifelong close friendship. Again, it's been said that a person normally has only___9 a couple of___ very close friends in their life. Think of whom you deem as truly close friends. These are those select individuals you can confide in(信赖,吐露秘密)and___10 share___ deep thoughts and concerns with, without any reservations.

I. New words and expressions

New words

1. tribute n. (尤指对死者的)致敬;悼念;吊唁礼物

2. rear v. 抚养;养育;培养

比较:rear / rare

3. ungrateful adj. 不领情的;忘恩负义的

比较:ungrateful / disgraceful

4. traitor n. 背叛者;叛徒;卖国贼

5. faith n. 信任;相信;信心

6. reputation n. 名誉;名声

7. prone adj. 易于发生某事的;很可能…的

8. malice n. 恶意;怨恨

malicious

9. settle v. 把…放好;安放

10. absolute adj. 肯定的;无疑的;明确的

11. unselfish adj. 无私的;忘我的;不谋私利的

selfless

12. selfish adj. 自私的

13. desert v. 抛弃,离弃,遗弃(某人)dessert

14. treacherous adj. 不可信任的;背叛的;奸诈的

15. prosperity n. 兴旺;繁荣;成功;昌盛prosper v.

prosperous adj.

16. poverty n. 贫穷;贫困

poor

poverty-stricken

conscience-stricken

grief-stricken

panic-stricken

17. sickness n. 疾病;不健康

18. wintry adj. 冬天的;寒冷的

19. fiercely adv. 猛烈地

20. lick v. 舔

21. sore n. 痛处;伤处;疮

22. wound n. (心灵上的)伤,创伤

23. roughness n. 艰辛;艰难

24. guard n./v. 警卫;守卫;保卫

security guard

lifeguard

bodyguard

blackguard

25. pauper n. 穷人;贫民;乞丐

26. constant adj. 不变的;固定的;恒定的

27. journey n. (尤指长途)旅行,行程

28. heaven n. (the heavens [pl.]天空

29. outcast n. 被抛弃者;被排斥者

30. friendless adj. 没有朋友的

31. homeless adj. 无家的

32. faithful adj. 忠实的;忠诚的

33. privilege n. 特殊利益;优惠待遇

34. accompany v. 陪同;陪伴accompany sb. to the airport accompany sb. on the piano

35. scene n. 事件;场面;情景

36. embrace n. 拥抱

37. pursue v. 追求;致力于

pursuit

in hot pursuit of sb. / sth.

in pursuit of the sun

38. paw n. (动物的)爪

39. alert adj. 警觉的;警惕的;戒备的

40. watchfulness n. 警惕

Phrases and Expressions

1. turn against 背叛

2. be prone to 易于

3. stand by 支持;帮助;忠于

4. take wings飞走

5. fall to pieces崩溃;倒塌;解体

II. Text Learning

A Tribute to the Dog

1 The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy.(主题句)His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. (1)Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name,may become traitors to their faith.

2 The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.(承上句)(2)A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment

of ill-considered action. (3)The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful

or treacherous, is his dog.

本部分重点及难点:

1. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith

(1) …those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name,定语从句中whom 是trust的宾语,即trust whom with our happiness and our good name 我们把自己的幸福和名誉都寄托在他们身上

(2) trust sb. withsth. 信得过,托付,寄托

I'd trust him with my life. 我把命交给他都放心。

1. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered(欠考虑的,考虑不周的)action.

ill-considered 欠考虑的(结合Unit 1 讲过的ill-informed)

ill-humored / good-humored

ill-bred / well-bred

ill-intentioned / well-intentioned

ill-informed / well-informed

3. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads.

(1) be prone to do sth. 容易,倾向于

(2) fall on one's knees 下跪

(3) do sb. honor 向某人表示敬意

(4) 译文:当我们功成名就,一些人卑躬屈膝极力讨好;当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头顶,那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。

3 A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. (主题句)He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with

the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince.(承上、总结的句子)

4 When all other friends desert, he remains. (4)When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens.(5)If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness(独立主格)faithful and true even to death.

本部分重点及难点:

4. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. 当主人家财四散、名誉扫地,它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落,亘古不变。

5. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless,

the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his eniies.

(1) the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger,that代替前面的privilege,具体参考Unit 1

(2)"否定词+比较级",表示最高级。(到Unit 6再详细讲)例如:

He loves nothing better than sweet food. 相当于He loves sweet food best.

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit 11 Cyber World I. New words and expressions New words 1. chatline n. (消遣性的)热线电话交谈服务 2. variety n. (同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样 vary vary from…to… 比较:range / shift from…to… various 3. romance n. 恋爱;爱情 romantic 4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的;异乎寻常的 5. potential adj. 潜在的;可能的 6. script n. 剧本;广播(或讲话等)稿 7. intimacy n . 亲密;关系密切 intimate 8. initial adj. 最初的;开始的 9. perceive v. 将…视为;认为 10. avalanche n. 雪崩;山崩 11. literary adj. 文学的;文学上的 literature literal literary

literate liberal 12. verse n. 诗;韵文 13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的;(似)能活动的 14. inclination n. 倾向;意愿 incline inclined 15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的;汗津津的 16. palm n. 手掌;手心 17. vary v. 相异;不同 18. convey v. 表达,传递(思想、感情等) 19. polish v. 修改;润饰;润色 20. intellect n. (尤稻高等的)智力,思维逻辑领悟力 21. personality n. 性格;个性;人格 22. sequence n. 顺序;次序 23. reverse v. 颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反 24. veil v. 掩饰;掩盖 unveil 揭露,揭开 25. intellectual adj. 智力的;脑力的;理智的 26. familiarity n. 熟悉;通晓 familiar familiarize

2016自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3说课讲解

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. (关于某主题的)思考,回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚;忠实;忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认;意识到 4. betray v. 辜负;对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实;实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德;正直的品性;德行 7. trend n. 趋势;趋向;倾向;动态;动向 8. befriend v. 做(尤指需要帮助者的)朋友;友善相待 9. request v. (礼貌或正式地)请求,要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的;赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多;大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的;共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析:mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语;术语:措辞 14. site n. 网站;站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词

16. perish v. 丧失;湮灭;毁灭 17. thought n. 想法;看法;主意;记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力;考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的;类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康;安乐;康乐 25. welfare n. (个体或群体的)幸福,安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质;实质;精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名;坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提;假定; 30. exploit v. 利用(…为自己谋利) 31. reconnect v. 再联系;再联络 32. virtual adj. (通过计算机软件,如在因特网上)模拟的,虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信;向…保证

山东自考英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy (n.有文化,有教养,有读写能力)in Australia,就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样,there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China,中国也掀起一股外语热,with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中,英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools,colleges and universities,but also at evening classes,on radio and TV.不仅各级学校教英语,夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children;父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教,adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日,到公园参加英语角,与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难,需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer,if I am asked to offer,is undoubtedly,yes.如果我被问及这个问题,那么毫无疑问,我的答案是:是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看,I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation,its grammatical rules,its words,etc.英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等,It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it.它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解,the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation,sentence structure and the words he uses.即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误,一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it.讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example.以学英语的中国人为例," Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people."你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?",which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese."你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语,若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?",他们会因此感到不悦,这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not.当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token,同样,"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语),会觉得中国人非常好客,会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile,the Chinese would be shocked to hear,"Oh,it's very nice of you.When?",if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食,又碰巧没有吃饭,他会回答"太好了,什么时候?",中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner.Why can't we say pig,bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork,beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions.中国的英语学习者可能会这样问:"我们可以说吃鸡,为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊,而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners.对学习英语的中国人来说,为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history.问题在于如果不懂英国历史,死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken.所以说,学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak

自考英语二第二单元讲义

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