写好英语演讲稿的三点
如何写出精彩的英语演讲稿-- 从乔布斯2005年斯坦福大学毕业演讲说起
当今社会，交流沟通变得异常重要，而公共英语演讲就是其最常见和有效的手段之一。无论是在学习还是工作中，我们会越来越多地接触到公共英语演讲，小到课堂的presentation、工作中的团建，大到学术大会上的发言、总统竞选。那么，如何才能写出精彩的英语演讲稿呢？对于初学者来讲，怎么把握其写作的关键呢？下面，我将从大家熟知并广为推崇的乔布斯2005年斯坦福大学的毕业演讲稿为范本，给大家具体剖析精彩英语演讲稿的写作要点，以帮助大家进一步了解其基本写作要领和指导大家的写作实践。
一、结构清楚，逻辑明晰
由于公共演讲一般受众为数十人甚至数百、数千人，再加上演讲环境的不确定性（比如：观众的欢呼，或者抱怨），最好在进入主题后马上给出所讲内容的逻辑框架，以便听众更好的预判整个演讲内容，有利于他们更好地跟随演讲者的思路，达到良好的演讲效果。比如，乔布斯在该次演讲中，开篇稍微寒暄开篇之后，就进入正题，“Today I want to tell you th ree stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.”学生们马上能做出逻辑预判，我们今天会听到乔布斯谈三点，然后具体关注是哪三点，这种演讲就具备了“audience-centeredness”（以观众为中心）的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中明确提到，“The first story is about connecting the dots. My second story is about love and loss. My third story is about death.”由于这种明晰的思路，听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新，不会觉得头脑混乱，毫无所得。
当然，演讲稿的逻辑安排有多种方式，乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照topical order（话题顺序）和chr onological order（时间顺序）来安排的。除此之外, 还有 spatial order（空间顺序）, problem -salutation order（提问解决顺序）等等。大家可以根据不同的演讲内容来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和结构。
二、开篇出彩，结尾有道
演讲稿的开篇和结尾往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计，这往往是精彩演讲的亮点所在。因此，在写作时，需要结合受众、场合和演讲内容等，争取一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣所在，结尾时，尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。下面，我将给大家具体分析基本的开篇和结尾模式，供大家以后写作参考。
开篇的目的是要吸引听众，乔布斯在该篇演讲稿中使用的是“relate the topic to the audience"（关联话题与听众）的方式，这是一种比较有效的方法，人们一般对自己的事情都很关注，和自己相关的事情也会格外留意，乔布斯在开篇说到，“I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated fro m college. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. This is the closest I've ever
gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学是最好的大学之一，就是在与听众发生关联，让大家产生好感，当然老乔还用了适当的幽默，更好地融洽了与听众的关系，“简洁、有效”本就是乔布斯的演讲风格。除此之外，还有其他的一些开篇方式，我们也需要了解和掌握。 1. State the importance of your topic（指出演讲话题的重要性）。直接告诉听众，你的演讲重要在哪里。比如：今天要做的是一场“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲，那开始就直接指出，该演讲对于大家今后的学习工作将会有重大的帮助，甚至给出一些数据和实例，让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是我的损失。这样，听众就会很乐意投入到该次演讲中去。2. Startle the audience （使听众震惊）。例如：要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲，开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据，让听众看到生活方式的不健康将会是多么可怕的事情，这样的震惊使听众能够快速调整状态，投入到听演讲中去。3. Arouse the curiosity of the audience（引起听众的好奇心）4. Question the audienc e（向观众提问）。5. Begin with a quotation（以引用开篇）。6. Tell a story （以故事开篇）。这些基本开篇的方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。
结尾往往可以起到“画龙点睛”的作用，开篇正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度都会大打折扣。那么如何做到“结尾有道”呢？首先，我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“end with a quotation”，达到的效果是特别引人深思。他在结尾说道，“S tewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then whe n it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was yo ur age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning co untry road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell messag e as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for my self. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”他不仅在结尾引用这句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”（求知若渴，虚怀若谷），而且重复三遍，强化听众的印象，这句话也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的“精髓”。
在结尾时，可以用结束信号词让听众明白你要准备结尾了，不要让演讲结束得太突兀，比如，“In c onclusion", "Let me end my speech by saying...", "I'd like to close my speech this way. "等。具体的结尾方式很多，常见的有：1. Summarize your speech（总结演讲）。2. Make a dramatic statement（强有力的陈述），这个不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的沉淀和呐喊，非常经典的演讲是Patrick Henry's legendary "Liberty or Death" oration. 他在结尾时说道，"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for mw, give me liberty, or give me death." 3. refer to the introduction（首尾呼应）。这是
体现演讲内在统一的很经典的形式，值得借鉴。
三、观点阐释，有效支撑
毫无疑问，主体段的信息量最大，写作量也是最大，如何更清晰地阐释演讲者的观点，有效支撑分论点，是写作时应该把握的关键。在明晰了写作逻辑之后，就要围绕这些逻辑要点来展开论证。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中，逻辑要点有三：1. The first story is about connecting the d ots. 2. My second story is about love and loss. 3. My third story is about death. 他在阐释中主要运用了以下手段。首先，举例子。文中用了大量的例子来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡，比如他说起自己决定辍学然后旁听有意思的课程，这些课当时对他没什么实质的帮助，但是十年后在当他设计第一款Macintosh 电脑的时候，这些东西全派上了用场，这个例子充分说明了他要讲的第一个要点-- 串起生命中的点滴。在随后的文中，乔布斯大量地讲述了他事业生活中的例子，让听众感受到真实的力量和鼓舞。其次，引用。他除了在文章最后用到了引用，文中也不乏引用的痕迹，比如在讲到死亡时，他引用了一句格言，“If you live each day as if it was your las t, someday you'll most certainly be right.”这句话能表明他对于死亡的态度。恰到好处的引用往往能使听众印象深刻。第三，数据。在讲第二个故事--关于爱和失去时，乔布斯用到了一系列数据来支撑观点。他说自己是幸运的，因为，“Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just re leased our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 3 0.”数据很直观，能让听众有直接的认识和理解。
除了以上提到的主体段展开方式，还有一些常用的手段，比如：testimony（引证），可以用专家的观点增强演讲的信度，也可以用普通人的一手经验证明自己的观点。另外，大家还需要了解的是，举例分为简短的例子，具体深入的例子和假想的例子；数据包括单一数据，组合数据等等。
如何才能更加有效掌握这些演讲写作的要点呢？我有三点建议：1.多看。多看一些演讲素材，比如名人演讲，演讲比赛优秀选手的演讲等，积累大量的一手素材，当然也有必要阅读关于英语公共演讲的书籍，本人非常推荐Stephen E. Lucas的《演讲的艺术》。2.多想。学会分析这些演讲之所以精彩的原因，可以从我上面讲的几点入手。3.多练。在有一定积淀和感觉之后，就要大量练习写作演讲稿，话题可以从日常学习和工作中选取，实用性要强，这样练起来更有兴趣和成就感。最后，大家要明白一点，好的公共演讲除了演讲稿要好，还有别的很多因素绝不可忽视，比如：语言质量，肢体语言，视觉辅助，语音语调，临场反应，现场把控能力等，这些结合在一起才能最终让你成为一个优秀的公共演讲者。
史蒂夫乔布斯(Steve Jobs)在斯坦福大学2005年毕业典礼上的演讲
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest u niversities in the world. Truth to be told, I never graduated from college. This is the cl osest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories fr om my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as
a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college gr aduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly tha t I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be ado pted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting l ist, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated fro m high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college. This wa s the start in my life.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being sp ent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no ide a what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figu re it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty sc ary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The mi nute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, an d begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my cu riosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the c ountry. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beaut ifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the norma l classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different let
ter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historic al, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years la ter, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. An d we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never h ad multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied t he Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible t o connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear l ooking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them loo king backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your futu re. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This ap proach has never let me down, and it would made all the difference.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employe es. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I h ad just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you st arted? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visio ns of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, o ur Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being pass ed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwin g up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away fro m the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. T he turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I w as still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thi ng that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was repla ced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed m e to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company n amed Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixa r went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of event s, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful fa mily together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Appl e. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hit s you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part o f your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great wor k. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it y et, keep looking. And don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when y ou find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years r oll on. So keep looking. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as i f it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I a m about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarras sment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to av oid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is n o reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the mornin g, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they s tuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put
a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic canc er that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit mor e certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. A nd yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is a s it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is yo u, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be clear ed away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the n oise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have th e courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you tr uly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Cata log, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poeti c touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishin g, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of li ke Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, an d overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out sev eral issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of thei r final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might fi nd yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "St ay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hung ry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. Thank you all very much
翻译
史蒂夫乔布斯(Steve Jobs)在斯坦福大学2005年毕业典礼上的演讲
我今天很荣幸能和你们一起参加毕业典礼，斯坦福大学是世界上最好的大学之一。我从来没有从大学中毕业。说实话,今天也许是在我的生命中离大学毕业最近的一天了。今天我想向你们讲述我生活中的三个故事。不是什么大不了的事情,只是三个故事而已。
第一个故事是关于如何把生命中的点点滴滴串连起来。
我在Reed大学读了六个月之后就退学了,但是在十八个月以后——我真正的作出退学决定之前,我还经常去学校。我为什么要退学呢？
故事从我出生的时候讲起。我的亲生母亲是一个年轻的,没有结婚的大学毕业生。她决定让别人收养我, 她十分想让我被大学毕业生收养。所以在我出生的时候，她已经做好了一切的准备工作，
能使得我被一个律师和他的妻子所收养。但是她没有料到,当我出生之后, 律师夫妇突然决定他们想要一个女孩。所以我的生养父母（他们在待选名单上）突然在半夜接到了一个电话:“我们现在这儿有一个不小心生出来的男婴,你们想要他吗？”他们回答道: “当然！”但是我亲生母亲随后发现，我的养母从来没有上过大学,我的养父甚至从没有读过高中。她拒绝签这个收养合同。只是在几个月以后,我的父母答应她一定要让我上大学,那个时候她才软化同意。
在十七岁那年,我真的上了大学。但是我很愚蠢的选择了一个几乎和你们斯坦福大学一样贵的学校, 我父母还处于蓝领阶层，他们几乎把所有积蓄都花在了我的学费上面。在六个月后, 我已经看不到其中的价值所在。我不知道我真正想要做什么,我也不知道大学能怎样帮助我找到答案。但是在这里，我几乎花光了我父母这一辈子的全部积蓄。所以我决定要退学,我觉得这是个正确的决定。不能否认,我当时确实非常的害怕, 但是现在回头看看,那的确是我这一生中最棒的一个决定。在我做出退学决定的那一刻, 我终于可以不必去读那些令我提不起丝毫兴趣的课程了。然后我可以开始去修那
些看起来有点意思的课程。
但是这并不是那么浪漫。我失去了我的宿舍,所以我只能在朋友房间的地板上面睡觉,我去捡可
以换5美分的可乐罐，仅仅为了填饱肚子, 在星期天的晚上,我需要走七英里的路程，穿过这个城市到Hare Krishna神庙（注：位于纽约Brooklyn下城）,只是为了能吃上好饭——这个星期唯一一顿好一点的饭，我喜欢那里的饭菜。
我跟着我的直觉和好奇心走, 遇到的很多东西,此后被证明是无价之宝。让我给你们举一个例子吧：Reed大学在那时提供也许是全美最好的美术字课程。在这个大学里面的每个海报, 每个抽屉的标签上面全都是漂亮的美术字。因为我退学了, 不必去上正规的课程, 所以我决定去参加这个课程，去学学怎样写出漂亮的美术字。我学到了san serif 和serif字体, 我学会了怎么样在不同的字母组合之中改变空白间距, 还有怎么样才能作出最棒的印刷式样。那种美好、历史感和艺术精妙，
是科学永远不能捕捉到的, 我发现那实在是太迷人了。
当时看起来这些东西在我的生命中，好像都没有什么实际应用的可能。但是十年之后,当我们在设计第一台Macintosh电脑的时候,就不是那样了。我把当时我学的那些东西全都设计进了Mac。那是第一台使用了漂亮的印刷字体的电脑。如果我当时没有退学, 就不会有机会去参加这个我感兴
趣的美术字课程, Mac就不会有这么多丰富的字体，以及赏心悦目的字体间距。因为Windows只是抄袭了Mac，所以现在个人电脑就不会有现在这么美妙的字型了。
当然我在大学的时候，还不可能把从前的点点滴滴串连起来,但是当我十年后回顾这一切的时候,真的豁然开朗了。再次说明的是,你在向前展望的时候不可能将这些片断串连起来；你只能在回顾的时候将点点滴滴串连起来。所以你必须相信这些片断会在你未来的某一天串连起来。你必须要相信某些东西：你的勇气、目的、生命、因缘......这个过程从来没有令我失望,只是让我的生命更加地与众不同。
我的第二个故事是关于爱和失去。
我非常幸运, 因为我在很早的时候就找到了我钟爱的东西。Woz和我在二十岁的时候就在父母的车库里面开创了苹果公司。我们工作得很努力, 十年之后, 这个公司从那两个车库中的穷小子发展到了超过四千名的雇员、价值超过二十亿的大公司。在公司成立的第九年,我们刚刚发布了最好的产品,那就是Macintosh。我也快要到三十岁了。在那一年, 我被炒了鱿鱼。你怎么可能被你自己创立的公司炒了鱿鱼呢? 嗯,在苹果快速成长的时候，我们雇用了一个很有天分的家伙和我一起管理这个公司, 在最初的几年,公司运转的很好。但是后来我们对未来的看法发生了分歧, 最终我们吵了起来。当争吵不可开交的时候, 董事会站在了他的那一边。所以在三十岁的时候, 我被炒了。在这么多人目光下我被炒了。在而立之年，我生命的全部支柱离自己远去, 这真是毁灭性的打击。
在最初的几个月里，我真是不知道该做些什么。我觉得我很令上一代的创业家们很失望，我把他们交给我的接力棒弄丢了。我和创办惠普的David Pack、创办Intel的Bob Noyce见面，并试图向他们道歉。我把事情弄得糟糕透顶了。但是我渐渐发现了曙光, 我仍然喜爱我从事的这些东西。苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这些, 一点也没有。我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。所以我决定从头再来。
我当时没有觉察, 但是事后证明, 从苹果公司被炒是我这辈子发生的最棒的事情。因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替, 没有比这更确定的事情了。这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。在接下来的五年里, 我创立了一个名叫NeXT的公司, 还有一个叫Pixar的公司, 然后和一个后来成为我妻子的优雅女人相识。Pixar 制作了世界上第一个用电脑制作的动画电影——“玩具总动员”,Pixar现在也是世界上最成功的电脑制作工作室。在后来的一系列运转中,Apple收购了NeXT, 然后我又回到了Apple公司。我们在NeXT 发展的技术在Apple的今天的复兴之中发挥了关键的作用。而且，我还和Laurence 一起建立了一个幸福完美的家庭。
我可以非常肯定,如果我不被Apple开除的话, 这其中一件事情也不会发生的。这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要这个药。有些时候, 生活会拿起一块砖头向你的脑袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信仰。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我无比钟爱。你需要去找到你所爱的东西。对于工作是如此, 对于你的爱人也是如此。你的工作将会占据生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是伟大的工作, 你才能怡然自得。如果你现在还没有找到, 那么继续找、不要停下来，只要全心全意的去找, 在你找到的时候，你的心会告诉你的。就像任何真诚的关系, 随着岁月的流逝只会越来越紧密。所以继续找，直到你找到它，不要停下来！
我的第三个故事是关于死亡的。
当我十七岁的时候, 我读到了一句话:“如果你把每一天都当作生命中最后一天去生活的话,那么有一天你会发现你是正确的。”这句话给我留下了一个印象。从那时开始,过了33 年,我在每天早晨都会对着镜子问自己:“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天, 你会不会完成你今天想做的事情呢？”当答案连续多天是“No”的时候, 我知道自己需要改变某些事情了。
“记住你即将死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它帮我指明了生命中重要的选择。因为几乎所有的事情, 包括所有的荣誉、所有的骄傲、所有对难堪和失败的恐惧,这些在死亡面前都会消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的东西。你有时候会思考你将会失去某些东西, “记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。你已经赤身裸体了, 你没有理由不去跟随自己内心的声音。
大概一年以前, 我被诊断出癌症。我在早晨七点半做了一个检查, 检查清楚的显示在我的胰腺有一个肿瘤。我当时都不知道胰腺是什么东西。医生告诉我那很可能是一种无法治愈的癌症, 我还有
三到六个月的时间活在这个世界上。我的医生叫我回家, 然后整理好我的一切, 那是医生对临终病人的标准程序。那意味着你将要把未来十年对你小孩说的话在几个月里面说完.；那意味着把每件事情都安排好, 让你的家人会尽可能轻松的生活；那意味着你要说“再见了”。
我拿着那个诊断书过了一整天，那天晚上我作了一个活切片检查，医生将一个内窥镜从我的喉咙伸进去,通过我的胃, 然后进入我的肠子, 用一根针在我的胰腺上的肿瘤上取了几个细胞。我当时是被麻醉的，但是我的妻子在那里, 后来告诉我，当医生在显微镜下观察这些细胞的时候他们开始尖叫, 因为这些细胞最后竟然是一种非常罕见的可以用手术治愈的胰腺癌症细胞。我做了这个手术, 现在我痊愈了。
那是我最接近死亡的时候, 我希望这也是以后的几十年最接近的一次。从死亡线上又活了过来, 我可以比以前把死亡只当成一种想象中的概念的时候，更肯定一点地对你们说：没有人愿意死, 即使人们想上天堂, 也不会为了去那里而死。但是死亡是我们每个人共同的终点。从来没有人能够逃脱它。也应该如此。因为死亡就是生命中最好的一个发明。它将旧的清除以便给新的让路。你们现在是新的, 但是从现在开始不久以后, 你们将会逐渐的变成旧的然后被送离人生舞台。我很抱歉这很戏剧性, 但是这十分的真实。
你们的时间很有限, 所以不要将他们浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要被教条束缚,那意味着你和其他人思考的结果一起生活。不要被其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心的声音。还有最重要的是, 你要有勇气去听从你直觉和心灵的指示——它们在某种程度上知道你想要成为什么样子，所有其他的事情都是次要的。
当我年轻的时候, 有一本叫做“整个地球的目录”振聋发聩的杂志，它是我们那一代人的圣经之一。它是一个叫Stewart Brand的家伙在离这里不远的Menlo Park编辑的, 他象诗一般神奇地将这本书带到了这个世界。那是六十年代后期, 在个人电脑出现之前, 所以这本书全部是用打字机,、剪刀还有偏光镜制造的。有点像用软皮包装的google, 在google出现三十五年之前：这是理想主义的，其中有许多灵巧的工具和伟大的想法。
Stewart和他的伙伴出版了几期的“整个地球的目录”,当它完成了自己使命的时候, 他们做出了最后一期的目录。那是在七十年代的中期, 我正是你们的年纪。在最后一期的封底上是清晨乡村公路的照片（如果你有冒险精神的话，你可以自己找到这条路的），在照片之下有这样一段话：“求知若饥，虚心若愚。”这是他们停止了发刊的告别语。“求知若饥，虚心若愚。”我总是希望自己能够那样,现在, 在你们即将毕业，开始新的旅程的时候, 我也希望你们能这样：求知若饥，虚心若愚。非常感谢你们
以上为史蒂夫.乔布斯在斯坦福大学2005年毕业典礼上的演讲
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