专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)

一时态和语态：16种表现形式

一、一般现在时（do/does;am/is/are)

考点如下：

1.时间状语：

2.表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。

必考点1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

考法：If you pass the spoken English test,you will get a chance to go abroad.

解析：考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。

注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,那么主句中是will do/shall do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为am/is/are;这里will do出现的考点频率最高）注意2：如果从句中的时态是did,那么主句中是would do/shouldl do/be going to do/be about to do/be to do.(be动词为was/were;这里would/should do出现的考点频率最高）

2.He_______as soon as he finishes his homework.

A.goes to bed

B.will goes to bed

C.went to bed

D.will go to bed

主将从现例题：用所给词的适当形式填空：

1.If he_______(study)harder,he will catch up with us soon.

2.Frank_______(see)a film if he’s free next Saturday.

3.We won’t go to the park if it________(rain)tomorrow.

注意3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)：

1.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______

a.will arrive

b.arrives

c.is arriving

d.is going to arrive

2.---can I join your club,Dad?

---you can when you_____a bit older.

a.get

b.will get

c.are getting

d.will have get

3.remember to send me a photo of your son next time you_____to me.

a.write

b.will write

c.are writing

d.would write

4.If Mr.Smith________back,please let me know.

A.will come

https://www.docsj.com/doc/236740174.html,es

C.came

D.had come

必考点2：4.the more...,the more...句型

完整句型：The+形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语，the+形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语.

Eg:The more books he reads,the happier he is.

12年真题：18题

____she said,_____she got.

A.The more the more excited

B.More excited

C.Much the more excited

D.The much excited

翻译练习题：

1.他越忙就越高兴。

The busier he is,the happier he feels.

2.你越用功,进步就越大。

The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.

二、一般过去时（did;was/were）考点如下：

1.时间状语：last week/year/month;yesterday;in2003;before ago

2.必考点：关于use的短语方法：根据主语定

https://www.docsj.com/doc/236740174.html,ed to do"过去常常"（肯定表否定）

sb.be/get/become used to doing sth.

“某人习惯于做某事”

sth.be used to do sth.

sth.be uesd for doing sth.

https://www.docsj.com/doc/236740174.html,ed to be done"某物被用来做。。。"

三、一般将来时（will do）考点如下：

1.表现形式：will do/be going to do/be to do/be about to do...when...

2.必考点：

车时刻表的出发或者是离开）

必考点：leave;come;go;start;arrive；begin;take off

11年真题19题

His train_______at9:00tomorrow morning.I will see

him off.

A.leaves

B.is left

C.will have left

D.will be left

四、现在进行时（am/is/are doing)

1.常与now连用，表示现在正在做某事

2.常与always,constantly,continually连用，表达一种感情色彩

3.必考点：表方向性的位移瞬间动词用现在进行时表将来

leave;come;go;start;arrive;move

五、现在完成时（have/has done）考点如下：

1.必考点：提示词

(1).since+过去时间点/句子（did），主句（have/has done) e.g.since1995

(2).for+一段时间 e.g.for5years

(3).lately、recently、so far=up to now=by now=till now、just、already、these days

(4).in/over/during/for+the past/last+few/具体数字+years/days/months

1.we_______the Journey to the West since we were young.

a.saw

b.have see

c.have seen

d.have been seen

2.hurry up!the film______for ten minutes.

a.had begun

b.has begun

c.began

d.begins

用所给词的适当形式填空：

1.I_______already_______(see)the film.I________(see)it last week.

2.______he_________(finish)his work today?

Not yet.

3._____you___________(be)to Hong Kong?

Yes,I______________(be)there twice.

4.He_______just__________(finish)his homework.

六：过去完成时(had done)与将来完成时(will have done)

必考点总结：

(1).过去完成时：by/by the end of+过去时间（by last week/month/year）

将来完成时：by/by the end of+将来时间（by next/this week/month/year)

Eg:we had finished all the courses by the end of last term.

We will have finished all the courses by the end of next term.

(2).过去完成时：by the time/when+(did),主句（had done）

将来完成时：by the time/when+(do/does),主句（will have done)

Eg:when he came we had eaten all the food.

when he comes we will have eaten all the food.

七：固定句型（必考点）4个

1.It/This/That+is+the+序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+that+句子（have/has done）

2.It/This/That+was+the+序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+that+句子（had done）

3.hardly/scarcely…when;no sooner…than

4.hope/expect/plan/promise/be sure/assure+that+(一般将来时：will/shall do)

5.hoped/expected/planed/promised/be sured/assured…+that+(过去将来时：would/should do)

6.had+hoped/expected/thought/intended/meant/supposed/wanted本希望/本期盼/本想/….（虚拟语气）+句子（did）

过去完成时：例题赏析：

1.when we arrived at the cinema,the tickets______.

a.sold out

b.sells out

c.had been sold out

d.had sold out

2.When I reached home,my parents__________their supper.

A.are having

B.have already had

C.have had

D.had already had

(3)We_________the work by six yesterday evening.

A.finished

B.would finish

C.had finished

D.had been finished

(4)Did you see Xiao Li at the party?No,______by the time I arrived.

A.she had left

B.she's left

C.She was left

D.she must leave

12年21题

1.Hardly had he finished his speech______the audience started cheering.

a.when

b.than

c.and

d.as

10年22题

Hardly______when a loud explosion was heard.

a.the train had started

b.had the train started

c.the train strated

d.did the train start

将来完成时：例题演练：

1.By the end of this year,I____enough money for a holiday.

A.will have saved

B.will be saving

C.will saved

D.have saved

2.“Are you going to Richard”s birthday party?"

Yes.By then I______my homework..”

A.had finished

B.will have finished

C.would have finished

D.finished

3.I hope that they____the road by the time we come back.

A.will have repaired

B.would have repaired

C.have repaired

D.had repaired

4.By the time you arrive in London,we_______in Europe for two weeks.

A.shall stay

B.will have stayed

C.have stayed

D.have been staying

5.The conference_____a full week by the time it ends.

A.must have lasted

B.will have lasted

C.would last

D.has lasted

6.All the machines_____by the end of the following week.

A.were repaired

B.will be repaired

C.have been repaired D will have been repaired

09年23题

Professor Liu________here for over thirty years when he retires.

a.will teach

b.will have been taught

c.will be teaching

d.will have taught

10年19题

By the time you arrive in London,the Smiths______in Europe for three weeks.

a.have stayed

b.have been staying

c.shall stay

d.will have stayed

12年19题

They_____from the university by the end of this month.

a.are graduating

b.would graduate

c.have graduated

d.will have graduated

将来完成时&将来完成进行时：

1.I_________here in this factory for twenty years by the end of this year.

a.shall have been working

b.shall worked

c.worked

d.am working

2.we________for ten hours when they come back.

a.will work

b.will have worked

c.will have been working

d.Work

注意：当现在完成时和现在完成时同时出现在选项中，优选现在完成进行时（have/has been doing)

1.I_________here in this factory for twenty years by the end of this year.

a.shall have been working

b.shall worked

c.worked

d.am working

2.we________for ten hours when they come back.

a.will work

b.will have worked

c.will have been working

d.work

语态真题：

20.Your computer needs________.

a.repair

b.repairing

c.to repair

d.being repaired

注意：同样考点的词：need/want/worth/require/request/deserve+doing sth.

表示被动语态

二定语从句：

句子成分：主谓是基础，宾表可有可无，定状补是辅助.

句子分类：简单句，并列句，复合句

简单句：

1.主语+不及物动词主谓：He moved.

2.主语+及物动词+宾语主谓宾：we like Tu Lei./He moved to BJ.

主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语

3.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语主谓宾宾补：I ask him to leave.

4.主语+双宾动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）主谓间宾直宾：He gives me a letter.

5.主语+系动词+表语主系表：She is nice./She is a student.

6.There be句型There are20people in the hall.

并列句：

由and,or,but,not only…but also…,neither…nor…等连词连接两个并列句子

We are not only friends but also we are good sisters.

We do not like her,but she likes us.

We went shopping and we bought a lot of toys last Sunday.

复合句：

定语从句（形容词性从句）/名词性从句/状语从句（副词性从句）

定语：形容词做定语，修饰名词或代词。

Eg:green leaf;red flower;handsome boy;beautiful girl;big one;

定语从句：

一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语)

Eg:The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter.

Eg:Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.

引导定语从句的关系代词6个：who/whom/that/whose/as/which

引导定语从句的关系副词3个：when/where/why

判断关键：关系代词+不完整句子关系代词在定语从句中做（主语/宾语/定语）关系副词+完整句子

各个关系代词考点总结：

That:

1.熟悉什么情况下只能选择that

①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时

Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.

It is the first play that I have seen since I came here.

②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。

I’ve read all the books that you lend me.

③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时Everything that we saw in this film was true.

④先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。

This is the very book that belongs to him.

⑤主句已有who或which时

Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?

Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.

⑥当先行词同时指人和物时

I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.

2.考点：

①在定于从句中，介词不能加that,考试时，看到这些on/of/about/for+that直接排除。

②that不引导非限制性定语从句，考试时，看到题干中有逗号时，直接排除that以及what

在定语从句中差表语，可用that

Eg:he is not the person that used to be.

考点题：

1.Is this factory____you visited last year?

A.The one b.That c.Which d.where

2.Is this the factory____you visited last year?

A.The one b.That c.Who d.where

Which的用法总结：

1.在非限制性定语从句中，看到题干有逗号，且定于从句是不完整的，选择which.

2.介词+which考点居多

in which=where

on which=when

for which=why

3.当定语从句中先行词为表时间/地点/原因的词时，且定于从句是不完整的，这时关系词选择which/that皆可。但注意一定不能选择when/where/why

Eg：Have you ever asked him the reason______may explain his absence from the class

A why

B when

C that

D what

4.当先行词表示人物身份，职位，头衔时，关系词选择which,不能选择who.

Eg:she is a actor,which is known to us.

As考点总结：

1.固定搭配：the same+n.+as+定语从句；such+n.+as+定语从句

2.一般位于句首的固定搭配：

As is known to all,_______.

As is seen/reported,______.

Whose的考点总结：选项中出现whose时，一定要慎重考虑是否满足一下条件：

题干中空格前后都有名词，且把空格去掉，空格的前后名词有所属关系时，选择whose。Eg:i like t he book whose color is yellow.

Way做先行词时，关系词可以用that/in which/"不用/"

Eg:i do not like the way that/in which/"/"he speaks to me.

三．名词性从句：

名词从句连接词连接词是否作成分连接词是否省略对应的简单句类型

从属连词that不作成分且无实义宾从中可以省略陈述句

从属连词whether;if不作成分“是否”不能省（是否）一般疑问句

连接副词when

/where/why/how

作状语不能省特殊疑问句

连接代词：who whom what which whose 作主语/宾语/表语

who whom what

作定语：which+n.

“哪个”

whose+n.

不能省特殊疑问句

Eg:

主语从句What you need is more practice.

宾语从句We must find out who did all this.

表语从句The question is whether it is worth doing.

同位语从句The visitor expressed his hope that he would visit China again.

学习要领：

1.连接词(重点)

2.从句中的语序（陈述句语序）

3.时态一致（宾从）

注意：

考点一：that在名词性从句中考点，that加完整句子，不做任何成分。

句型一：It is/was+adj./n.+that+完整从句(should do/be done)表虚拟

句型二：The reason for+n./n.短语+is/was that…

The reason why+完整句子+is/was that…

Eg:The reason for his absence was that he has left the city.

句型三：以下红色字体必须记住

news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/evidence/information/message/word/problem/promise/wish/question/tr uth+that+完整从句

We were all overjoyed at the news______the experiment turned out a success.

A.which

B.that

C.when

D.what

注意考点：同位语从句说明的名词有时会和后面的同位语从句分隔：

An idea came to her______she might do the experiment in another way.

A.that

B.what

C.when

D.which

句型四：强调句型：

It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分.

注意：此句型不强调谓语；谓语动词由do/does/did+动词原形表强调。

历年来，考察强调的时间和地点居多，因此考生只需记住以下固定结构，也可选择正确答案。即看到in/on/at/about任何一个就选择that：

It is/was+in/on/at/about+n.+that+完整句子.

It was in library that I met Mary this morning.

句型五：think/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to+it+(adj./n.) +that宾语从句

Eg:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

考点二：what的考法：

当what前无名词，后面句子不完整时，选择what;反之，是不能选择的，直接排除。

如：What surprises me is that they have finished all the work in one day.

总结：当选项中有what时，且空格位于句首，大多数情况都选择what.

whether⑴.Prep.+whether:

Eg:we can not find out____(whether/if)he leaves.

考点三：whether用法总结：

1.看到题干中有or not,选项有whether,就选whether.

2.选项中有whether和if时，若空格后有to do,直接选择whether.

Eg:whether to do:

I can not decide whether(whether/if)to stay.

考点四：若选项中出现it,记住以下句型。

注意：红色单词必须记住，考点频率高。

think/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/

hate/take/owe/have/see to+it+(adj./n.)+to do sth.

Eg:I think it necessary to take plenty of hot water every day.

因此，给考生总结出怎么判断不同的从句：

定语从句：n./pron.+从句（完整句子或不完整句子）

同位语从句：特定的n.+that从句（完整句子）

主语从句:从句+is/was/does

宾语从句：v./prep./adj.+从句

表语从句：be/feel/looks+从句

状语从句：主句+conj.+完整从句

完整从句+conj.+主句

关于状语从句，考生们必须记住引导九种状语从句的连词各自含义。

四．主谓一致重点：

1.就近原则

not only…but also…;

not…but…;

neither…nor…;

either…or…;这个已考

or;

perhaps;

Not only he but also I know the matter.Know

Neither my brothers nor my father

likes football.

One or two sandwiches are not enough for me.

2.and

n.+and+n.+复数谓语

xiao li and xiao hong are ss.

(1)A=each/every/many a/no

如果A修饰and前后的两个单数名词或者A只修饰and前或后面的一个单数名词时，谓语单数。

Each minute and every second is valuable/cherish for us.

Each minute and second is valuable/cherish for us.

Minute and every second is valuable/cherish for us.

B=a/an/the如果B修饰and前后两个单数名词时，谓语复数。

如果B只修饰and前面名词，不修饰后面的名词，谓语单数。

The manager and the board attend the meeting.

The manager and board attends the meeting.

And前后的主语表示单一概念或指同一个物体时，谓语单数

Bread and butter is my favor.

Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.

When and where+单数谓语

Peace and war+单数谓语

Fork and knife+单数谓语

3.many a/more than one+单数名词+单数谓语"许多“

Many a boy likes TULEI.

More than one of+可数名词复数+复数谓语quantities of+C./U.+复数谓语

4.从句中的谓语动词：

定语从句：从句中谓语取决于先行词

主句+one of+复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句（复数谓语）

主句+the/only/very/the only/the very+one of+复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句(单数谓语)

Eg:she is one of the teachers who speak French well.

she is the only one of the teachers who speaks French well.

注意：one of+复数名词做主语+单数谓语

One of the guards was sleeping.

5.分数或百分数加名词作主语，谓语取决于分数或百分数后的名词

分数表达法：one/two-second/third/fourth/fifth

One-second;two-fifth s

20percent of+复数名词

Two–fifths of the students leave.

Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

40percent of the students come here.

五．反义疑问句

1.含有must用法

Must作情态动词must+do必须

Must,mustn’t/needn’t+主语？

Mustn’t,must+主语？

Eg:you must finish the task before5p.m.,mustn”t you/needn"t you?

We mustn’t be late,must we?

Must表示推测时：

Must+do对现在情况推测“一定是“，反义部分用Must后面的动词

Eg:he must be a teacher,isn’t he?

He must arrive at GZ,doesn”t he?

Must对过去肯定的推测，must have done“一定做过某事“

如果句中有明确的过去时间，（yesterday/last week/month/year/night）,反义部分用didn”t+主语？

Eg:it must have rained last night,didn”t it?

如果句中没有明确的过去时间词，反义部分用haven”t/hasn”t+主语？

it must have rained,hasn”t it?

2.复合句

A.I/we+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that从句，看从句不看主句？

I think he is a good man,isn”t he?

I don”t think he is a good man,is he?

B.you/he/she/+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that宾语从句,反义部分看主句不看从句？

My mother thinks that he is a good man,doesn”t she?

My mother doesn”t think that he is a good man,does she?

4.陈述句中主语是不定代词：

指人：

everyone=everybody;someone/nobody/no one

these/those反义部分主语they.

Everyone is unique in the world,aren’t they?

主语：something/everything/nothingto do/doing/从句/this/that,反义主语用it.

This is not my fault,is it?

Learning is good habit,isn’t it?

5.虚拟语气

(1).If的虚拟倒装是重点：

当选项中有had/were/should时，记住以下结构：should位于句首情况已考，不会再考。Should+主语+do/be,主句（would/should/could/might+do).

Were+主语+to do,主句（（would/should/could/might+do).

Had+主语+done,主句（（would/should/could/might+do).

(2)（should）do/（should）be done表虚拟的考点：

考生看到以下蓝色单词直接在选项中去找答案是动词原形或者be+done结构的选项。suggest(tion)/propose/proposal/advise/advice/order/command/

important/imperative/necessary/essential/urgent/strange/naturalin case/for fear that/lest/a pity/no wander/a shame/+(should）do/（should）be done

Suggest和essential已考，不会再考，但要注意其他单词。

（3）wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only+did(对现在虚拟）

wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only+had done（对过去虚拟）

wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only+would/could/might do(对将来）

Wish+could do已考。不会再考，但要注意其他时态。只要出现

wish/would rather/would sooner/as if/if only，选项中有did/had done/would do任何一个出现，就选择。

（4）。Otherwise/but for/with out+would do/would have done

Otherwise+would have done已考,只要出现otherwise,答案就是would have done.今后可能会在用所给词的适当形式填空里面。

另外，在大多数情况下，选择题中，出现了but for/withour,也是选择would have done的选项。

六．非谓语动词

To do表示将要去做（主动语态）

To be done表示将要被（被动语态）

Doing正在做某事（主动语态）

Being done正在被（现在分词的被动）

Done做完某事（被动语态）

Having done做完某事（主动语态）

Having been done做完某事（被动语态）

1.分词作状语题：注意整句只有一个主语

Eg:

John,_____the bet,had to pay for the dinner.

A.Lost b.Having lost c.Losing d.Having loss

解析：d选项loss是名词”惊慌”，故排除。A选择lost可以当作是过去时，但句中无连词，又有2个谓语就不成立，若当作过去分词就表示被动，但题意是说john打赌输了，应该是主动语态，故排除。C losing表示正在进行动作，但题意是had to表示事情已经发生，故排除。B having lost表示事情发生，且表示主动语态。因此选择B.

2.独立主格结构

With+n.+to do/doing/done,主句.

考试，经常是选项中有to do/doing/done的任何形式，方法是判断与他们前面名词的关系，表示主动或进行用doing,表示被动或完成用done,表示将来用to do;

Eg:with the flowers____everywhere,the park looks beautiful.

A.To bloom b.Blooming c.Be blooming d.To be blooming

Eg:with the bridge_____,there was nothing for the soldier but to swim.

A.Was destroyed b.Destroying

c.Being destroyed

d.Destroyed

3.考生注意，有时选项中，经常会有谓语和非谓语形式同时出现，方法是记住一个句子中，连词的个数=谓语的个数-1.当句中没有一个连词时，又有一个谓语存在，那这时就不能再考虑另一个谓语形式了。

Eg:____________,I had to buy a new one.

A.My dictionary losing

B.My dictionary having been lost

C.My dictionary had been lost

D.Because my dictionary lost

总结：以上此类题难度大，因此要求考生们应该熟悉16种谓语表现形式，以及非谓语的表现形式。

4.从句连词和独立主格结构的混合交叉考法：

There I met several people,two of_____being foreigners.

A.Which b.Them c.Whom d.That

There I met several people,two of_____were foreigners.

B.Which b.Who c.Whom d.That

There I met several people,and two of_____were foreigners.

C.Which b.them c.Whom d.That

5.看到题干中有be made/be seen/be heard/be noticed时，答案为to do,即有to加动词原形的选项。

6.Have/make/let/get+sb.+do

Have/make/let/get+sth.+done

7.当Only位于句中时，要和to do搭配，表示某人主动做选择only to do;表示某人被怎样，选择only to be done。

七．关于半倒装，考生需要记住倒装的实质就是起强调作用，因此，必须要以下词汇位于句首时，才能进行半倒装。

1.So+adj./adv.+be/do/does/did/have/has/had+主语+其它+that+从句.

2.As的结构：

Adj./adv./n.+as+主语+谓语（be/助动词），主句。

V.+as+主语+would/could/might,主句。

3.Not only+助动词/be+主语+其他，but also+句子。

4.Not/never/seldom/rarely/by no means/under no circumstances+助动词/be+主语+其他。under no circumstances已考，不会再考，但要记忆其他单词。

5.Only+时间+助动词/be+主语+其他。

Only+时间从句+主句（助动词/be+主语+其他）主倒从不倒

6.Hardly/scarcely/no sooner+had+主语+done+when/than+did.

Hardly+had+主语+done when+did.已考

7.Not until+从句+did+主语+do.看到not until位于句首时，选择以did开头的选项。

中考英语语法点简要归纳

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中考知识要点简记归纳之初中英语语法知识点(全)

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