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Implementation of SPINE Genomic Index and Graphical User Interface in BODHI

A Project Report

Submitted in Partial Ful?lment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

in

Computer Science and Engineering

by

Abhijit Kadlag

Department of Computer Science and Automation

Indian Institute of Science

Bangalore–560012

JULY2004

Acknowledgments

I sincerely thank Prof.Jayant Haritsa for providing me the opportunity of being a part of the highly spirited Database Systems Lab.I thank him also for providing all the encouragement,guidance and support during my work.

Database Systems Lab was a wonderful place to work in and I am thankful to all the members of DSL:Amol,Anoop,Kumaran,Maya,Parag,Shipra,Srikanta and Suresha for making the lab a lively place.My special thanks to Srikanta for all the helpful suggestions,timely help and all the cooperation as a project partner.

Finally with a deep sense of belonging I must mention that my association with the students,faculty and staff members of the Department of Computer Science and Automation for the last two years has been an extremely memorable and enriching period of my life.

i

Abstract

Modern bio-diversity research involves systematic and simultaneous study of macro-and micro-level relationship between various biological entities.BODHI1[3,4]is a native object oriented database system which seamlessly integrates the taxonomy,spatial and sequence types of data occurring in bio-diversity studies.

BODHI implements the heuristics based BLAST algorithm to handle sequence similarity queries. Performance evaluation of BODHI indicated that these BLAST operations are far costlier than other operators supported in BODHI,indicating need for ef?cient sequence index structures.Popular sequence alignment packages like Mummer use suf?x trie indexing techniques to get accurate sequence alignments ef?ciently,without using BLAST like heuristics.SPINE is a recently proposed,horizontally compressed suf?x trie index which was reported to perform better than Mummer.The?rst part of this project was to integrate the SPINE indexing technique with BLAST implementation in BODHI to speed up sequence similarity queries.

BODHI fully supports OQL/ODL querying interface on the server side.However for bio-diversity researchers the system is more convenient if BODHI comes with a user friendly interface that allows them to specify queries without having to know OQL.The interface should take care of converting the user speci?ed queries into OQL,run the OQL query on server and display the answers to users in an elegant manner.The second part of this project aimed at building a graphical query interface for plant bio-diversity database currently being hosted with BODHI.We have developed a web-based query interface which achieves this aim.

Contents

Acknowledgments i

Abstract ii

1Introduction1

1.1Part I:The SPINE Genomic Index (2)

1.2Part II:Graphical User Interface Framework (2)

1.3Organization of the Report (3)

2Architecture of BODHI4

2.1Object Services (4)

2.2Spatial Services (6)

2.3Sequence Services (6)

3The SHORE Storage Manager7

3.1Architecture of SHORE (7)

3.1.1SHORE Software Components (8)

3.1.2The Language Independent Library (8)

3.1.3The SHORE server (8)

3.1.4Value Added Server (8)

3.2The V AS-SM Programming Interface (9)

3.3V AS API:Storage Facilities (10)

3.3.1Devices (10)

3.3.2V olumes (10)

3.3.3Files of Records (10)

iii

3.3.4B+-tree Indexes (11)

3.3.5R?-tree Indexes (11)

3.4V AS API:Transaction Facilities (11)

3.4.1Transactions (11)

3.4.2Concurrency Control (12)

3.5V AS API:Crash Recovery Facilities (12)

3.5.1Logging (12)

3.5.2Checkpointing (12)

3.5.3Recovery (12)

3.6V AS API:Thread Management (13)

3.7V AS API:Communication and RPC Facilities (13)

4The SPINE Genomic Index14

4.1State-of-the-Art (14)

4.2Structure of SPINE (15)

4.3Original Spine Implementation (16)

5Integration of SPINE with BODHI18

5.1Re-Implementation of SPINE (19)

5.1.1Implementation as a V AS (19)

5.1.2B+Trees for storing records (20)

5.1.3Multiple SPINE indexes on the same volume (20)

5.1.4Handling multiple transactions simultaneously (21)

5.1.5Record size optimizations (21)

5.1.6Workarounds for log size limitations (22)

5.2Integration with BODHI (22)

5.2.1Query?ow in BODHI (22)

5.2.2Functional Enhancements to the Object Model (23)

5.2.3Index Creation (24)

5.2.4Querying the Index (24)

5.3Performance Study (25)

5.3.1Index construction (25)

5.3.2Index size (26)

5.3.3Subsequence match queries (26)

6Implementation of Graphical User Interface Framework30

6.1Architecture of the Graphical User Interface Framework (32)

6.2Technology Choices (32)

6.3Capabilities of the Query Interface (33)

6.3.1Taxonomy: (33)

6.3.2Sequence: (34)

6.3.3Spatial: (34)

6.4Snapshots of the Interface (35)

7Conclusions and Future Work38 Bibliography38

List of Figures

1.1Expressing a Multi-domain Query in BODHI (2)

2.1Architecture of BODHI (5)

2.2Implementation of BODHI (5)

3.1Application-Server Interface (8)

3.2SHORE System Architecture (9)

4.1Example SPINE Index(for aaccacaaca) (15)

4.2Optimized SPINE Implementation (17)

5.1Storage Structure Organization for SPINE (21)

5.2Query Flow in BODHI with SPINE (23)

5.3Object model of plant bio-diversity database (24)

5.4Index Construction Time (25)

5.5Sequence similarity query performance in BODHI (27)

5.6Subsequence Match Query Times (28)

6.1Graphical User Interface Framework Architecture (32)

6.2Query Input Form(Markings highlight the sample query in Chapter1) (34)

6.3Rubber-band selection of Spatial Query (35)

6.4Help Tags (35)

6.5Zooming:(a)Operation(b)Result (36)

6.6Results are in XML(Displayed in Notepad as the source of result)(Using View-Source

menu in browser) (36)

6.7XML Results shown as HTML (37)

vi

Chapter1

Introduction

Modern bio-diversity research involves systematic and simultaneous study of macro-and micro-level relationships between various biological entities.Multi-domain queries of the following kind are in-creasingly common among the researchers in this?eld:

Retrieve the names of all plant species that have common in?orescence location character-

istics,share a part of their habitats,and have a high chromosomal DNA sequence similarity

with Actinodaphne-bourneae.

Answering this query requires the ability to process data across:(a)taxonomy hierarchies(common in?orescence location),(b)recorded spatial distribution of species(common habitat),and(c)genomic sequences(chromosomal DNA sequence similarity).Unfortunately,due to the lack of holistic database systems,biologists are often forced to split the query into component queries,each of which can be processed separately over specialized independent tools and services.Further,the individual results have to be combined either manually or through the use of a customized tool.

Motivated by this lacuna of an information management system that can support complex queries common to bio-diversity research,BODHI(Biodiversity Object Database arcHItecture)[3,4],a na-tive object-oriented database system that seamlessly integrates multiple types of data occurring in bio-diversity studies,has been developed in Indian Institute of Science over last few years.BODHI expresses the sample multi-domain query presented above using an OQL(Object Query Language)[6]syntax as shown in Figure1.1.

To the best of our knowledge,BODHI is the?rst system to provide such an integrated view of diverse biological domains ranging from molecular to organism-level information.

1

SELECT https://www.docsj.com/doc/1c10709258.html, FROM

species1IN PlantSpecies,species2IN PlantSpecies,

dna1IN species1.DNAEntries,dna2IN species2.DNAEntries

WHERE

https://www.docsj.com/doc/1c10709258.html,=”Actinodaphne-bourneae”AND

species1.?owerchar.in?ochar=species2.?owerchar.in?ochar AND

species1.georegion OVERLAPS species2.georegion AND

dna1BLAST dna2WITHIN70;

Figure1.1:Expressing a Multi-domain Query in BODHI

1.1Part I:The SPINE Genomic Index

BODHI achieves high performance by employing a variety of specialized access structures reported in the research literature for handling predicates over taxonomy hierarchies and spatial data.However performance evaluation of BODHI[4]indicated that sequence similarity operations are far costlier than other operators supported in BODHI,indicating need for ef?cient sequence index structures.

Suf?x trees[10](i.e.suf?x trie indexes)are popular choice for indexing sequences in the database community.Widely used sequence alignment packages like Mummer use suf?x tree technique to get accurate alignments ef?ciently.Recently Neelapala et.al.[21]suggested a novel horizontally compacted suf?x trie index structure which was found to consume much lesser space as compared to the traditional suf?x trees and more amenable for a disk-based version.It was also found to perform better on disk when compared to the Mummer[7]package popularly used for sequence similarity queries.

As the?rst part of this project we have integrated the SPINE[21]index structure with BLAST implementation in BODHI and studied the performance of the modi?ed algorithm as opposed to the original BLAST implementation.

1.2Part II:Graphical User Interface Framework

The BODHI database server supports full ODL(Object De?nition Language)[6]interface for schema de?nition and OQL interface for querying the database.However for BODHI to be useful in a convenient manner to the bio-diversity researchers,it should provide a user friendly graphical query interface.The bio-diversity researchers should be able to express their queries using this interface and the interface should take care of converting the input information to OQL queries automatically.This user interface is required to be intuitive,easily learnable and should provide the maximum functionality possible.It should also be possible to query the database from anywhere in the world.

To provide the above mentioned functionality we have implemented a web-based graphical user in-terface for querying the database as well as for visualization of results.Easy dissemination of information is supported through the use of XML in publishing the results of queries,providing added semantics for future data exchange requirements.

1.3Organization of the Report

Chapter2describes the architecture of BODHI in brief.Chapter3describes the SHORE storage man-ager which has been used as a backend for implementing the SPINE index.In Chapter4we describe the structure of SPINE index in brief and the relevant implementation details from the work of Neelapala et.al.Chapter5describes our work of re-implementation and integration of the SPINE index structure in BODHI.The issues involved in the design of the user interface,the technology choices,and implementa-tion as a web based interface are explained in Chapter6.Finally Chapter7summarizes the achievements of this project and the future work.

Chapter2

Architecture of BODHI

The architecture of BODHI is shown in Figure2.1.The SHORE[5]storage manager,available from Uni-versity of Wisconsin,at the base provides the fundamental needs of a database server such as device and storage management,transaction processing,logging and recovery management.The application spe-ci?c modules,which supply the object,spatial and genomic services,are built over this storage manager and form the functional core of the system.Theλ-DB[11]extensible rule-based query processor and optimizer interfaces with these functional modules and performs query processing and produces ef?cient execution plans using the metadata exported by the modules.BODHI supports full OQL/ODL query and data modeling interface for creation of new database schemas,data manipulation and querying.

Finally,the user interface and XML publishing engine form the external interface to BODHI.The second part of this project was to implement this part.

The BODHI server is partitioned into three service modules:Object,Spatial,and Sequence,each handling the associated data domain.The service modules provide appropriate storage,a modeling interface,and evaluation algorithms for predicates over the corresponding data types.

2.1Object Services

In querying over bio-diversity data,it is common to specify predicates over long relationship paths,or over an inheritance hierarchy rooted at a chosen base type.To ef?ciently handle these predicates,access methods for both inheritance(multi-key type Index[18])and aggregation hierarchies(path-dictionary index[17])are included in this module.

4

Figure2.1:Architecture of BODHI

Figure2.2:Implementation of BODHI

2.2Spatial Services

This module provides a spatial type system for modeling of spatial data associated with biological in-formation.Various geometric operators such as overlap,adjacent,area,etc.,are implemented over this type system.The module incorporates R*-Tree[2]and Hilbert R-Tree[16]indexing to speed up these otherwise expensive operators.

2.3Sequence Services

This module provides ef?cient storage and operations over genome sequence data of species.It im-plements the de-facto standard alignment-based sequence similarity algorithm of BLAST[1]A Value Added Server(explained in Chapter3),GeneStore,handles the querying of sequence data for this algo-rithm.We have implemented the SPINE index in this module.

Figure2.1indicates the positions of the SPINE and user interface modules in the overall BODHI architecture.Figure2.2shows the implementation details of BODHI and the interactions between the various functional modules of the system.For more details on the implementation we refer the reader to[3,4].

Chapter3

The SHORE Storage Manager

Please Note:Most of the text in this Chapter is taken from[5]and SHORE manual pages[22].

SHORE(Scalable Heterogeneous Object REpository)[5]is a persistent object system that represents a merger of object-oriented database(OODB)and?le system technologies.In this Chapter,we describe features of the SHORE(or Shore)system,which forms the back-end of the BODHI database system. The SHORE system has also been used for the implementation of SPINE genomic index.

3.1Architecture of SHORE

SHORE executes as a group of communicating processes called SHORE servers.SHORE servers con-stitute exclusively of trusted code,including those parts of the system that are provided as part of the standard SHORE release,as well as code for Value Added Servers(V ASs)that can be added by so-phisticated users to implement specialized facilities(e.g.,a query shipping SQL server).Application processes manipulate objects,while servers deal primarily with?xed-length pages allocated from disk volumes,each of which is managed by a single server.

The SHORE server plays several roles.First,it is the page-cache manager.Second,the server acts as an agent for local application processes.When an application needs an object,it sends an RPC request to the local server,which fetches the necessary pages and returns the object.Finally,the SHORE server is responsible for concurrency control and recovery.A server obtains and caches locks on behalf of its local clients.The owner of each page is responsible for arbitrating lock requests for its objects as well as logging and committing changes to the page.

7

3.1.1SHORE Software Components

The main software components of SHORE (Figure 3.1)constitute the SHORE server and the Language Independent Library.

SERVER SHORE VAS Interface

Storage Manager

Page Cache

Language

Object Cache

Independent

Library

RPC Interface Application Code

CLIENT

Figure 3.1:Application -Server Interface

3.1.2The Language Independent Library

The Language Independent Library contains the object-cache manager which takes care of converting object references on disk to main memory addresses.

3.1.3The SHORE server

The SHORE server (Figure 3.2)is divided into two main components:a Server Interface ,which com-municates with applications,and the Storage Manager (SM),which manages the persistent object store.

The Server Interface is responsible for providing access to SHORE objects stored using the SM.

3.1.4Value Added Server

The SHORE server code is modularly constructed so that users can build application-speci?c servers,thus supporting the notion of “value-added”servers (V AS).The Server Interface is an example of one

Transaction Object Index

VAS-SM Interface Object Access Control

NFS VAS SHORE VAS

SM Core Transaction Manager

Recovery Manager Page Cache Lock Table Operating System

Interface

Threads

Asynchronous

IO Figure 3.2:SHORE System Architecture

such V AS.Another example for V AS is the NFS ?le server which is used to mount the entire subtree of the SHORE name space on an existing Unix ?le system.When applications attempt to access ?les in this portion of the name space,the Unix kernel generates NFS protocol requests that are handled by the SHORE NFS value added server.

Each V AS provides an alternative interface to the storage manager.They all interact with the storage manager through a common interface that is similar to the RPC interface between applications and the server.It is thus possible to write a new V AS as a client process and then migrate it into the server for added ef?ciency.Below the server interface lies the Storage Manager (SM).The SM can be viewed as having three sub-layers.The highest is the V AS-SM interface,which consists primarily of functions to control transactions and to access objects and indexes.The middle level comprises the core of the SM.It implements records,indexes,transactions,concurrency control and recovery.At the lowest level are extensions for distributed server capabilities.In addition to these layers,the SM contains an operating system interface that packages together multithreading,asynchronous I/O and inter-process communica-tion.

3.2The V AS-SM Programming Interface

The SHORE Storage Manager (SSM)is a package of libraries for building object repository servers and their clients.These libraries are useful for managing persistent storage and caching of un-typed data and indexes.They also provide disk and buffer management,transactions,concurrency control and recovery.A V AS relies on the SSM for the above capabilities and extends it to provide more functionality.In

the following Sections we describe some of the facilities that can be accessed through the V AS-SM programming interface.

3.3V AS API:Storage Facilities

The SSM provides a hierarchy of storage structures.A description of each type of storage structure is given below.

3.3.1Devices

A device is a location,provided by the operating system,for storing data.A device is either a disk partition or an operating system?le.A device is identi?ed by the name used to access it through the operating system.Each device is managed by a single server.For each mounted device,the server forks a process to perform asynchronous I/O on the device.These processes communicate with the server through sockets and shared memory.

3.3.2Volumes

A volume is a collection of?le and index storage structures(described below)managed as a unit.All storage structures reside entirely on one volume.A volume has a quota specifying how must large it can grow.Every volume has a dedicated B+-tree index,called the root index,to be used for cataloging the data on the volume.

3.3.3Files of Records

A record is an un-typed container of bytes,consisting of a tag,header and body.The tag is a small,read-only location that stores the record size and other implementation-related information.The header has a variable length,but is limited by the size of a physical disk page.A V AS may store-information about the record(such as its type)in the header.The body is the primary data storage location.A record can grow and shrink in size by operations that append and truncate bytes at the end of the record.A?le is a collec-tion of records.Files are used for clustering records and have an interface for iterating over all the records they contain.The number of records that a?le can hold is limited only by the space available on the vol-ume containing the?le.Methods for creating/destroying?les,creating/destroying/appending/truncating records and pinning records for reading are also provided as part of the interface.

3.3.4B+-tree Indexes

B+tree is the most popular indexing method in database community.The B+-tree index facility in SHORE provides associative access to data.Keys and their associated values can be variable length (up to the size of a page).Keys can be composed of any of the basic C-language types or variable length character strings.A bulk-loading facility is provided.The number of key-value pairs that an index can hold is limited only by the space available on the volume containing the index.Routines for creating/destroying indexes,searching and iterating over a range of keys are provided as part of the interface.

3.3.5R?-tree Indexes

An R-Tree[14]is a height-balanced tree structure designed speci?cally for indexing multi-dimensional spatial objects.It stores the minimum bounding box(with2or more dimensions)of a spatial object as the key in the leaf pages.The current implementation in SHORE is a variant of R-Tree called R*-Tree [2],which improves the search performance by using a better heuristic for redistributing entries and dy-namically reorganizing the tree during insertion.All the operations provided for B+-tree implementation are also provided for R?-tree.

3.4V AS API:Transaction Facilities

As a database storage engine,the SSM provides the atomicity,consistency,isolation,and durability (often referred to as ACID)properties associated with transactions.

3.4.1Transactions

A transaction is an atomic set of operations on records,?les,and indexes.The interface provides meth-ods for beginning,committing and aborting transactions.Updates made by committed transactions are guaranteed to be re?ected on stable storage,even in the event of software or processor failure.Updates made by aborted transactions are rolled back and are not re?ected on stable storage.

Although nested transactions are not provided,the notion of save?points is there.Save-points delineate a set of operations that can be rolled back without rolling back the entire transaction.

3.4.2Concurrency Control

Transactions are also a unit of isolation.Locking is provided by the SSM as a way to keep a transaction from seeing the effect of another,uncommitted transaction.Normally,locks are implicitly acquired by operations that access or modify persistent data structures,but the SSM interface also provides methods for locks to be acquired explicitly.

The SSM uses a standard hierarchical,two-phase locking protocol[13].For a?le,the hierarchy is volume,?le,page,record;for an index,it is volume,index,key-value.

Chained transactions are also provided.Chaining involves committing a transaction,retaining its locks, starting a new transaction and giving the locks to the new transaction.

3.5V AS API:Crash Recovery Facilities

The crash recovery facilities of the SSM consist of logging,checkpointing,and recovery management.

3.5.1Logging

Updates performed by transactions are logged so that they can be rolled back(in the event of a transaction abort)or restored(in the event of a crash).Both the old and new values of an updated location are logged (so-called undo/redo logging).This technique supports buffer management policies with the properties called steal(a dirty page can be written to disk at any time)and no force(dirty page need not be forced to disk at commit time).

The log is a sequence of log records.The log is stored in Unix?les in a special directory.The size and location of the log is determined by con?guration options.

3.5.2Checkpointing

Checkpoints are taken periodically by the SSM in order to free log space and shorten recovery time. Checkpoints are”fuzzy”and do not require the system to pause while they are completing.However no interface is provided for a V AS programmer to control checkpointing.

3.5.3Recovery

The SSM recovers from software,operating system,and CPU failure by restoring updates made by committed transactions and rolling back all updates by transactions that did not commit by the time of

by的用法总结

by的用法小结: 1、介词prep. 在…旁;靠近 · Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 · Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来! · We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。 2、介词prep. 经过 · He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁,没有说话。 · My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。 3、介词prep. 用;靠;通过 using (showing who or what did something) · I know it by heart. 我把它记在心头。 · They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。 · By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早,我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。 4、介词prep. 不迟于 not later than · I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最迟五点我一定回来。 · How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会? 5、介词prep. 通过;沿着 through; along; over

· We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。· to send a letter by post 通过邮局寄信 6、介词prep. (表示作者)被;由 word that shows the author, painter, etc. · Thirty divided by two is fifteen. 三十除以二得十五。 · The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。 · This bridge was built by the soldiers. 这座桥是士兵们造的。 7、介词prep. (指交通等)乘;用 word that shows what kind of transport, etc. · The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 · They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。 8、介词prep. 在…情况下;在…时间during · Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行? 9、介词prep. (表示部分)在…部位word that shows which part · She led the child by the hand. 她拉着孩子的手往前走。 10、副词adv. 在旁边

实验烟草中提取烟碱

实验三、从烟草中提取烟碱 内容:P93-96和P42-44 一、实验目的(明确) 1、 学习从烟草中提取烟碱的基本原理和方法。 2、 初步了解烟碱的一般性质。 3、 掌握水蒸汽蒸馏的操作技术。 二、实验原理(介绍) 烟草中含有多种生物碱,除主要成分烟碱(约含2 ~ 8 %)外,还含有去甲烟碱、假木烟碱和多种微量的生物碱。烟碱又名尼古丁,是由吡啶和吡咯两种杂环组成的含氮碱,其结构式如右图: 烟碱能与HCl 结合生成烟碱盐酸盐(弱碱强酸盐)而溶于水中,在此提取液中加入强碱NaOH 后,可使烟碱游离出来。 + HCl → 游离烟碱在100℃左右具有一定的蒸气压。因此,可利用水蒸气蒸馏法分离提取。 由烟碱的结构可知,烟碱具有碱性,它不仅可以使红色石蕊变蓝,还可以使酚酞试剂变红,并可以被KMnO 4溶液氧化生成烟酸,与生物碱试剂作用 产生沉淀。 附:水蒸气蒸馏原理(见书P46) 三、实验仪器与试剂(要求学生认真检查) 1. 仪器 长颈圆底烧瓶(250 mL ) 圆底烧瓶(100 mL ) 直形冷凝管 电热套 玻璃棒 试管 止水夹 蒸汽导管(导入、导出) 烧杯(100 mL ) 球形冷凝管 接液管 T 形管 滴管 洒精灯 锥形瓶(100 mL ) 量筒(100 mL ) N N CH 3

2.试剂 烟叶(或烟丝) HCl溶液10 % NaOH 40 % KMnO4 0.1 % 酚酞 0.1 % Na2CO3 5 % 苦味酸(饱和) 3. 其它 红色石蕊试纸沸石 四、实验内容(简单介绍) 1、烟碱的提取 取一支烟,拨去外纸,将烟丝置于100 mL圆底烧瓶内,加入20 mL10%HCl溶液,安装好回流装置,回流20 min。(如图3. a) 将反应化合物冷却至室温,在不断搅拌下慢慢滴加40%NaOH溶液,使之呈明显碱性(用红色石蕊试纸检验)。 按图3. b安装好水蒸汽蒸馏装置。通入冷却水后,用电热套加热水蒸汽发生器,当有大量水蒸汽产生时,关闭T形管上的止水夹。 收集约10 mL提取液后,先打开止水夹,再停止加热[2]。待体系稍冷却,关闭冷却水。 2、烟碱的性质检验 (1)碱性试验:取10滴烟碱提取液,加入1滴0.1%酚酞试剂,振摇并观察现象。另取1滴烟碱提取液在红色石蕊试纸上,观察试纸的颜色变化。解释上述现象。 (2)氧化反应:取20滴烟碱提取液加入1滴0.1%KMnO4溶液和3滴5%Na2CO3溶液,摇动试管,于酒精灯上微热,观察颜色是否变化,有无沉淀生成。 (3)与生物碱的反应:取10滴烟碱提取液,逐滴加入饱和苦味酸,边加边摇动,观察有无黄色沉淀生成。 图3. a 回流图3. b水蒸气蒸馏 五、注意事项(强调)

by用法的练习题

by用法的练习题 1. Come and sit _______ (我旁边). 2. There is a big tree _______ (在河边). 3. _______________ (到上星期日)I had finished the book . 4. Can you finish the work _____ (在五点之前). 5. Her mother goes to work ____ bus every morning. A.by B.at C.take D.o n 6.She came home _________ (乘飞机). 7.Did you make the desk ___________ (自己独自)? 8.She made a meal for her parents __________ (独自)for the first time. 9. _______________ (顺便问一下)how many people are there in your family? 10. You should know her ______________ (逐渐地). 11.Ice has been turned into water ___________ (受热). 12. ________________ (不久以后)more and more people bega n to study En glish . 13. he Great Wall was built ____________ (用手). 14. He makes a livi ng _________________ (通过教书). 15. -How do you lear n En glish? -I learn English ________________________ (通过向老师请教的方式). used to相关用法的练习题 一、翻译 1. 我妈妈习惯早起。 2. 王先生曾经是一位工人。 3. 他过去常常骑自行车上学。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空: 1. We used to _ (go )swimming last year. 2.1 am used to ___ (run)every morning. 3. Bamboos are used to _(build) houses there. 4. They have bee n used to ___ (live ) in the coun tryside. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子: 1.1 ___________________ the food here.(我习惯于吃这儿的食物。)

烟草专卖(公司)各部门职能职责

办公室 1. 负责XX州局(公司)机关行政事务管理和后勤服务工作; 2. 负责起草XX州局(公司)综合性文件、材料,对文件的收发、打印和格式的规范进行审核把关; 3. 负责XX州局(公司)系统的办公自动化公文流转运行和档案管理工作; 4.负责履行参谋职能,做好政务工作调研,抓好政务信息采集工作,定期编发工作简报; 5.负责XX州局(公司)机关行政、职工等会议的组织和记录,并抓好全州系统重要会议的管理和接待工作; 6.负责机关政务公开工作,牵头处理各种来信、来访; 7.负责制定XX州局(公司)机关办公秩序、环境卫生、员工行为规范、标志及标牌的管理办法,并组织落实检查、考核措施; 8.负责XX州局(公司)机关公章、介绍信、工商营业执照等证照的申办、变更、年检及管理工作; 9.负责办公固定资产的登记、清核和相关证件的管理; 10.负责机关办公用品管理和办公、生活区的物业管理; 11.负责对内、对外联系和综合协调工作,负责来访者的接待、对外公共关系、文化宣传; 12.负责XX州局(公司)机关公务车车辆的调派和管理工作; 13.负责指导县市局(营销部)综合管理办公室工作; 14. 完成领导交办的其它工作。

财务科 1.州局(公司)财务部门在四川省烟草专卖局(公司)财务主管部门和本企业财务负责人的领导下开展工作,履行对本企业及所属单位的财务管理、监督职责,在遵守和贯彻国家有关财经法规的前提下,对企业法定代表人负责; 2.负责组织本企业及所属单位的会计核算,如实反映评价企业的财务状况和经营成果,按规定编制和报送会计报表,定期撰写财务报告和财务分析,为领导决策提供资料和真实情况; 3.负责依法计算、缴纳本企业的各项税金,负责本企业及所属单位企业所得税的清算解缴。协调、配合税务、审计部门的各种检查、清算、稽查工作; 4.负责制定本企业及所属单位内部财务管理办法及会计政策。负责本企业及所属单位财务预算的审核、汇总、执行、检查、分析,不断完善费用定额管理。按照财务制度有关规定,监督各项财务收支,严格审查各项费用开支; 5.负责本企业及所属单位生产经营资金的筹集,严格资金的预算管理,定期检查考核资金的运用情况,提高资金使用效率。及时督促销售货款的回笼、核对,有效控制利用各项资金; 6.认真执行国家规定的信贷、结算和现金管理制度办法,负责本企业资金安全工作; 7.负责本企业及所属单位国有资产登记管理及清理指导工作,监管企业所有的资金、财产、物资的增减变动,组织开展定期或不定期的财产、物资盘点清查,发现问题及时报告领导并提出具体处理意见和改进工作的措施;

从烟草中提取烟碱

从烟草中提取烟碱 主要仪器与试剂 仪器:烧杯,微型布氏漏斗,抽滤瓶,分液漏斗,圆底烧瓶,锥形瓶。试剂:干燥烟叶2g,5% NaOH溶液20mL,乙醚15mL,饱和苦味酸甲醇溶液,甲醇 1、碱处理。在25mL烧杯中加入2g干燥碎烟叶和2mL 5% NaOH溶液,搅拌10min,然后用带尼龙滤布的布氏滤斗抽滤(1),并用干净的玻塞挤压烟叶以挤出碱提取液。接着用4mL水洗涤烟叶,再次抽滤挤压,将洗涤水合并至碱提取液中。 2、醚萃取。将黑褐色滤液移入25mL分液漏斗中,用15mL乙醚分三次萃取。萃取时应轻旋液体,勿振荡漏斗以免形成乳浊液导致分层困难。上层醚相从漏斗上口倒入25mL圆底烧瓶中(2)。 3、蒸去乙醚。合并醚萃取液,在水浴上蒸去乙醚(3),并用水泵将溶剂抽干。 4、重新溶解。残留物中加入2滴水和1mL甲醇,使残渣溶解,然后将溶液通过放有玻璃毛的短颈漏斗滤入25mL烧杯中,并用1mL甲醇涮洗烧瓶和玻璃毛,合并至烧杯中(4)。 5、制备衍生物。在搅拌下往烧杯中加入2mL饱和苦味酸盐的甲醇溶液,立即有浅黄色的二苦味酸烟碱盐沉淀析出。用玻砂漏斗过滤,干燥称重,测定熔点,并计算所提取的烟碱的百分产量。此操作所得二苦味酸烟碱盐熔点:217~220℃。 6、重结晶。用刮刀将粗产物移入10mL锥形瓶中,加入4mL 50%乙

醇-水(V/V)溶液,加热溶解,室温下静置冷却,析出亮黄色长形棱状结晶。抽滤,烘干,称重,测熔点。纯二苦味酸烟碱盐的熔点为222~223℃。 注释(1)滤纸在碱液中会很快溶胀并失去作用。此处宜采用尼龙滤布挤压过滤。(2)在分液漏斗中进行乙醚萃取时,应注意不时放气,减低乙醚蒸气在漏斗内的压力。此时可一手握紧上口旋塞,让漏斗倾斜下支管口朝上,另一只手打开分液旋塞放气,或者在垂直放置时打开上口旋塞放气。在分离液层时,应小心使醚层与夹杂在中间的出现在漏斗尖底部的少量黑色乳状液相分离。上层液从上口倒出,下层液从下口放出。(3)乙醚易燃。在蒸馏乙醚时应用水浴加热,不能直火加热。同时开窗通风,避免外泄的乙醚蒸气富集遇火点引燃,酿成火灾!(4)烟碱毒性极强,其蒸气或其盐溶液吸入或渗入人体可使人中毒死亡。高浓度的烟碱液操作时务必小心。若不慎手上沾上烟碱提取液,应及时用水冲洗后用肥皂擦洗。

2020年烟草管理办公室工作总结文档3篇

2020年烟草管理办公室工作总结文档3篇 Work summary document of tobacco management offic e in 2020 汇报人:JinTai College

2020年烟草管理办公室工作总结文档3 篇 小泰温馨提示:工作总结是将一个时间段的工作进行一次全面系统的总检查、总评价、总分析,并分析不足。通过总结,可以把零散的、肤浅的感性认识上升为系统、深刻的理性认识,从而得出科学的结论,以便改正缺点,吸取经验教训,指引下一步工作顺利展开。本文档根据工作总结的书写内容要求,带有自我性、回顾性、客观性和经验性的特点全面复盘,具有实践指导意义。便于学习和使用,本文下载后内容可随意调整修改及打印。 本文简要目录如下:【下载该文档后使用Word打开,按住键盘Ctrl键且鼠标单击目录内容即可跳转到对应篇章】 1、篇章1:2020年烟草管理办公室工作总结文档 2、篇章2:烟草办公室工作总结文档 3、篇章3:烟草办公室工作总结文档 篇章1:2020年烟草管理办公室工作总结文档 20xx年,是设立地级***市的开元之年。一年来,市政府办公室积极适应和服务设市的新形势,紧紧围绕市委、市政府中心工作,充分发挥“综合协调、督查落实、信息调研、参谋决策”的职能作用,突出协调服务,创新工作方式,加快工作

节奏,不断提高服务水平,较好地完成了市政府交办的各项工作任务。 一年来,主要抓了以下六个方面的工作: (一)、紧扣中心,围绕大局,全面提高服务工作水平一年来,我们突出政务主体,优化保障服务,注重抓调研、抓协调、抓督查、抓服务,努力当好参谋助手,保证了政府各项工作的有效开展。 1、严谨细致,办文办会提水平。在公文处理上,坚持从严、从精、及时、实效的原则,严格按照《国家行政机关公文处理办法》的规定,从文书处理的收发、印制、传阅、清退、归档、销毁等各个环节入手,严把政策关、时效关、公文体例格式关、文字关和校核关,力求政策清楚、主题突出、观点准确、格式规范、逻辑严谨、准确及时。同时,规范发文行为,精减文件数量,努力做到少行文、行短文、行到文。在会务工作上,严格执行会议审批制度,认真审查会议议题,努力做到少开会、开短会。同时,狠抓会前准备、会中服务、会后落实三个环节,力求会议主题明确,中心突出,务求实效。 2、高质高效,信息工作创一流。一是抓“五点”保质量。抓住重点,紧紧围绕结构调整、工业发展、城市建设、招商引

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形象做出了贡献。 3.做好后勤保障工作。 一是积极抓好一、二食堂的管理工作,确保为广大职工提供良好的伙食条件,尤其旺季生产以来,一食堂加班加点,全力配合,保证饭菜供应及时、品种多、价格实惠。二是今年对职工宿舍管理进行了改革,对外承包给保洁公司进行专门管理,每年可为企业节约管理费用 3 万元,并且职工宿舍环境、卫生得到大大改善,管理水平有了很大提高,进一步为职工提供了良好的生活环境,满足了广大职工群众的基本生活要求,有力的支持了公司的生产经营工作。 4. 做好档案管理工作。 今年,为搞好档案管理工作,公 2 司领导高度重视,把档案工作列入了议事日程,办公室主要做了以下工作:一是进一步建立健全了档案工作管理制度,调整充实了档案工作领导小组和各科室兼职档案员,完善了基础设施,确保了档案安全。二是抓了档案的开发利用,编印了《全宗指南》《组织机构沿革》《大事记》《基础数字、、、汇编》等资料,为利用者和公司各项工作服务,档案管理水平有了进一步提高,在今年省档案局委托市档案局组织的大检查中受到好评。 5.做好企业宣传工作。 去年潍坊烟草网站投入运营以来,办公室设立信息员,积极组织公司各个岗位上的宣传员撰写企业报道,通过网络及时宣传企业取得的新成绩及工作动态,20xx年共向潍坊烟草网站投稿 33 篇,为树立企业形象发挥了积极的作用,进一步扩大了影响,提高了企业知名度。 (二)树立正确工作意识,做好办文、办会、办事工作。

by doing sth.结构谈介词by的用法

由bydoingsth.结构谈介词by的用法 作者:康俊民 在新目标九年级教材Unit1中有这样的句子: —How do you study for a test? —I study by working with a group. 这句话中by是介词,用来表示方法、手段、方式,意为“凭借;靠;用;通过”,后接动词的-ing形式。例如: They learn English by watching TV. 他们通过看电视学英语。 He succeeded by working hard. 他由于工作努力而获得了成功。 以下是by的其它基本用法归纳: 1. 表示静态的位置,意为“靠近……;在……旁边”。例如: His house stands by the river. 他住在河边。 2.表示动态的位置,意为“从……旁边经过”、“路过……”。例如: He passed by me without greeting me. 他从我身边走过,但 没和我打招呼。 3.表示时间、时限,意为“不迟于;在……之前”、“到……时 为止”。例如: They will be back by six. 他们将于6点钟以前回来。 4.和take, hold等动词连用,表示接触身体/物体的某一部 位。例如: Don’t take the baby by the arm. She is too young. 别拽那个 小孩的胳膊,她太小了。 5.表示“逐个”、“逐批”之意,常见于以下短语中: step by step 一步一步地;day by day 日复一日地;little by little一点一点地。 6.用于被动语态中,后接动作的执行者,表示“被……”、“由……”。例如: English is spoken by many people. 许多人讲英语。 7.表示判断的标准,意为“依照,根据”。例如: By my watch it is eight o’clock. (按)我的表显示的时间是八点。

group by子句的运用

GROUP BY子句的应用 SELECT语句是SQL的核心,用于查询数据库并检索匹配指定条件的选择数据。在SELECT 语句中,可以使用GROUP BY子句按指定字段中的值分类,将行记录划分成较小的组,然后使用聚组函数返回每一个组的汇总信息,另外可以使用HAVING子句限制返回的结果集。GROUP BY子句可以将查询结果分组,并返回行记录的汇总信息。 在实际应用中,如何正确、有效地使用GROUP BY子句是一个普遍存在的难题。为什么要分组?在计算机运算中分组是怎样进行的?分组中如何筛选数据?按什么字段分组?函数的使用等等问题都是决定分组查询成败的关键。下面就SELECT语句中各种情况的分组查询,对GROUP BY子句的使用进行内在、全面地剖析。 一、分组的意义 首先说说使用分组的意义。举个例子: 表SCORE有如下记录: XH KCH CJ 01 a 75 04 a 90 01 b 86 03 a 85 04 d 69 01 d 57 现在要统计表SCORE中有多少种学号,即统计有多少学生选修了课程,每一个学生又选了几门课。 对表SCORE的数据采取手工分析可以得知,尽管XH字段中有6个值,但只有01、03、04三种值,即一共有3个学生选修了课程。其中XH 为01和04的学生选修了多门课(XH 中01出现3次,04出现2次),在统计时只能算一个学生。按照XH字段中的01、03、04三种值分为三组,01组有三条记录,03组有一条记录,04组有两条记录,所以XH 为01、03、04的学生分别选修了3、1、2门课。 以上只是人为的分析统计过程,在计算机运算中数据的分组实际也是这样进行的。 【例】SELECT XH,COUNT(XH) FROM SCORE GROUP BY XH 命令的运行过程中,GROUP BY子句的执行步骤是: (一)、排序过程 先按XH的值排序,表SCORE中XH的值相同的记录就排到一起(假设使用一张临时表TEMP 保存排序后的表记录),数据如下: XH KCH CJ 01 a 75 01 b 86 01 d 57 03 a 85 04 a 90 04 d 69 (二)、分组过程 接着对临时表TEMP的记录分组,XH的值相同的记录分在一组,一共分为三组。 01组 03组 04组 XH KCH CJ XH KCH CJ XH KCH CJ 01 a 75 03 a 85 04 a 90 01 b 86 04 d 69 01 d 57

(实验)烟草中提取烟碱

(实验)烟草中提取烟碱

实验三、从烟草中提取烟碱 内容:P93-96和P42-44 一、实验目的(明确) 1、 学习从烟草中提取烟碱的基本原理和方法。 2、 初步了解烟碱的一般性质。 3、 掌握水蒸汽蒸馏的操作技术。 二、实验原理(介绍) 烟草中含有多种生物碱,除主要成分烟碱(约含2 ~ 8 %)外,还含有去甲烟碱、 假木烟碱和多种微量的生物碱。烟碱又名尼古丁,是由吡啶和吡咯两种杂环组成的含氮碱,其结构式如右图: 烟碱能与HCl 结合生成烟碱盐酸盐(弱碱强酸盐)而溶于水中,在此提取液中加入强碱NaOH 后,可使烟碱游离出来。 + HCl → 游离烟碱在100℃左右具有一定的蒸气压。因此,可利用水蒸气蒸馏法分离提取。 N N CH 3 N N CH 3 N N CH 3

由烟碱的结构可知,烟碱具有碱性,它不仅可以使红色石蕊变蓝,还可以使酚酞试剂变红,并可以被KMnO4溶液氧化生成烟酸,与生物碱试剂作用产生沉淀。 附:水蒸气蒸馏原理(见书P46) 三、实验仪器与试剂(要求学生认真检查) 1. 仪器 长颈圆底烧瓶(250 mL)圆底烧瓶(100 mL)直形冷凝管电热套玻璃棒试 管止水夹 蒸汽导管(导入、导出)烧杯(100 mL)球形冷凝管接液管T形管滴 管洒精灯 锥形瓶(100 mL)量筒(100 mL) 2.试剂 烟叶(或烟丝)HCl溶液10 % NaOH 40 % KMnO40.1 % 酚酞0.1 % Na2CO3 5 % 苦味酸(饱和) 3. 其它 红色石蕊试纸沸石 四、实验内容(简单介绍) 1、烟碱的提取 取一支烟,拨去外纸,将烟丝置于100 mL 圆底烧瓶内,加入20 mL10%HCl溶液,安装好回流装置,回流20 min。(如图3. a) 将反应化合物冷却至室温,在不断搅拌下慢慢滴加40%NaOH溶液,使之呈明显碱性(用红色石蕊试纸检验)。 按图3. b安装好水蒸汽蒸馏装置。通入冷却水后,用电热套加热水蒸汽发生器,当有大量水蒸汽产生时,关闭T形管上的止水夹。

烟草办公室工作总结

2015年烟草办公室工作总结 (四)积极组织参与各类双语教学活动,成绩突出。在今年10月地区组织的学前“双语”讲课比赛中,县幼儿园的高咏梅荣获一等奖,姜红玉荣获二等奖;在小学数学“双语”课堂比赛中,二乡的安尼瓦尔和六乡的阿米娜荣获二等奖。这些成绩说明我们的双语教学在不断的努力中已取得阶段性的进展。 以下是由J.L为您整理推荐的《2015年烟草办公室工作总结》正文,欢迎参考阅读。 二要始终坚持以强化管理为保证。办公室犹如一部机器,文稿起草、文件核校、公文处理、会议安排、机要交通、安全警卫、后勤接待等各项工作,都是这部机器上的零部件。要使办公室工作的这部机器上的所有零部件始终处于良好状态,保证整个机器的最佳运转,就必须建立一套科学的管理方式和工作手段,进行规范化运作,提高制度化、规范化、科学管理水平,要严格制度约束,用制度管人,按制度办事,做到人人责任分明,处处有章可循,事事一办到底。要理顺工作关系,合理、科学地确定内部工作分工、任务衔接和业务联系,缩短办事流程,简化中间环节,加快工作节奏。每一项工作都要从全局出发,确保办公室日常运转的灵敏、高效和有序。 篇一:2015年烟草办公室工作总结 二是信息工作取得了新的成绩。办公室一年来共向县信息科、县文明办、《亳州日报》、《安徽日报》报送各种信息100余条,其中采用

率达到60%,为上级领导了解岳坊镇的情况发挥了重要作用。 山东京鲁烟叶复烤有限公司办公室20xx年工作总结和20xx年工作打算20xx年,办公室在公司领导班子的领导下和各兄弟单位的大力支持下,认真贯彻二届二次董事会议精神和公司工作会议精神,始终坚持“务实、高效、勤奋、廉洁”的工作作风,紧紧围绕生产经营这一重点工作,切实履行办公室的职能,在为领导、为职工群众服务上做了大量有成效的工作,全面推进了各项工作的顺利开展,较好地完成了工作任务。 现将今年的工作情况总结汇报如下: 一、20xx年办公室工作情况 (一)增强履行职能意识,切实为生产经营工作服务。 我们坚持从服务生产经营工作、服务发展大局出发,履行好办公室职能,发挥作用,积极做好服务工作。 1.做好贯标及各类资质的申报、换证、年检等工作。 在20xx年的贯彻ISO9001:2000 版标准工作中,办公室进一步明确、规范工作程序和责任分工,加强学习、理解和吃透文件精神,积极配合、注重沟通,对所负责的程序文件操作严谨,工作细致,确保了标准的贯彻落实,顺利通过了北京卷烟厂今年组织的第二方质量认证。同时,办公室积极与有关主管部门加强沟通与协调,顺利完成了企业营业执照、机构代码证、专卖生产许可证、车辆等年检工作,为京鲁公司获得更多的市场“通行证”进而争取更多客户和占领市场付出了一定的努力。

烟草部分办公室个人述职报告

烟草部分办公室个人述职报告 团结务实和谐-个人述职报告 各位领导、同志们:大家上午好! 我于1993年7月大学毕业分配到**卷烟厂制丝二车间工作,1994年3月调到**地区烟草公司烟叶生产科工作,1999年9月任副科长,兼**企业扶贫办主任,XX年4月下派到**县烟草专卖局任党组书记、局长,XX年6月到市公司**部任部长至今。按**烟党【XX】29号文件精神,下面,我就一年多来所履行的岗位职责,完成工作任务情况,存在的问题教训,以及今后工作的打算,向各位领导和参会的同志们作汇报。请大家予以评议。 一、工作完成情况 自去年六月份任**部部长以来,紧紧围绕市局(公司)提出的目标和任务,按照参与政务、管理事务、做好服务的职能,与部门其他干部同志一道,团结带领广大职工,圆满完成了年度及各项阶段性任务。 1、保证了卷烟电话订货系统按期运行。按照国家局、省局对卷烟销售新一轮网建工作的具体要求,一是积极组织人员赴**等州公司考察调研,拟定网建模式、筛选方案,供

领导决策参考;二是组织技术人员配合中软、省局并协调电信等部门于去年八月到十一月完成了卷烟经营决策管理系统,即“一打二扫”到货确认的环境准备、数码跟踪系统、商业数据采集系统、成品烟楼层间传输等楼层改造装修及设备安装、调试和运行工作;三是具体就网建提升工程中所涉及的服务器、网络交换机、程控交换机、计算机等硬件设备和软件组织技术人员、业务人员进行选型、数量确定,梳理出详细的设备采购清单,并认真进行了论证和比价采购。在设备陆续到货后,又及时组织、协调相关部门和人员,从今年3月18日开始,加班加点,仅用了10天时间,优质高效地完成了网络集成和网络平台的搭建,并进行了相关软件的安装、调试工作,确保了3月28日正常上线运行。 2、基建维修工作。除加强对仓储、办公地点日常维护、修缮和管理工作外,去今两年新增添了东门卷烟电话订货中心整体工程、附属工程及业务用房的改造,大院村仓库分级车间及附属工程的筹备、高架库烟包架及原两幢职工宿舍的撤除等一大批急、重、繁工程。并协调相关单位和部门对**区与“三合一”企业历史遗留的土地问题进行了妥善处置。绝大部分工程已竣工验收投入使用,零星工程扫尾工作,也争取在本月中旬结束。 3、其他综合业务工作。一是针对公务车辆“管理难,

by的用法

BY 一、用作介词 1.表示方式、方法或手段,意为“使用某物;靠;乘(车、船)”等。例如: —How do you learn English? 你是怎样学英语的? —I learn by studying with a group. 我是通过和小组一起来学习的。 I go to work by train every day. 我每天乘火车去上班。 Turn on the computer by pressing this button. 按这个按钮就可启动计算机。 2.表示移动方向,从某人或某地的一边到另一边,意为“沿,经,从……旁边过”。例如:He walked by me without speaking. 他从我旁边经过,没有说话。 I walk by his home every day. 我每天都从他家门口经过。 3.表示时间,意为“不迟于;在……以前;到……为止”。例如: I want to get there by eleven o'clock. 我想在十一点前赶到那里。 You'd better finish the work by six. 你最好在六点钟之前完成这项工作。 4. 用于被动语态中,表示动作的主体,意为“由;被”。例如: This book is written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 The thief was caught by a policeman. 那个小偷被警察抓住了。 5.表示位置,意为“靠近,在……旁边(附近)”。例如: Who is the old man by the lake? 湖边的那位老人是谁? The telephone is by the door. 电话机在门旁边。 6.表示度量、准则和标准。例如: We buy material by the meter. 我们买材料用米来计算。 He does everything by rule. 他总是按规定办事。 7.表示被抓着、被接触的身体的某一部分,意为“抓;拉”。例如: She took me by the hand. 她拉住我的手。

精选-烟草办公室工作人员先进事迹材料

烟草办公室工作人员先进事迹材料 **,女,35岁,大学文化,中共党员,*部职工,农艺师。*年*月毕业于云南农业大学烟草专业,同年分配到**县烟草公司工作,2019年8月调**地区烟草公司烟叶质监站工作,*年*月调烟科所工作,XX年8月至今在*部负责办公室工作。**部是企业烤烟生产收购、科技推广管理的职能部门;办公室的工作事关全局,十分重要;一是为部领导当好参谋,及时准确的提供决策所需的数字和资料;二是为全部事务当好总管,千头万绪,无一遗落;三是为一线职工当好后勤,尽心竭力,搞好服务。一年来,紧紧围绕**部的中心工作,结合**部工作实际,以高度的责任感和工作热情,脚踏实地,积极主动工作,为**部各项工作的顺利开展发挥了积极的作用。 一、加强学习,努力提高自身素质 XX年8月,她来到**部办公室工作,为了尽快进入工作角色,她把学习作为提高自身素质的有利武器,充分利用业余时间,努力提高业务素质,以适应工作需要。两年来,除系统地学习了邓小平理论、“xxxx”重要思想等理论知识外,还认真学习了应用文写作、文秘工作等内容。同时,坚持在实践中学习,在工作中提高,把每项工作都当作对自己素质和能力的检验和挑战,在学习中增强了迎接挑战问题的本领。经过两年多实际工作的磨练,已走过了从不熟悉、不适应到得心应手、游刃有余的过程。两年多宝贵的工作实践中,积累了丰富的工作经验和工作方法。

二、严谨细致,做好办公室综合业务工作 一年来她紧紧围绕部门的中心工作,充分发挥参谋助手和综合协调作用,不断提高办文、办会、办事水平。一是对XX年全市烤烟生产政策措施、产前投入、面积落实等调研材料进行汇总分析,为部领导决策提供科学依据;二是草拟上报有关烤烟生产通知、汇报材料10余篇,20余件,2万余字;三是认真筹办有关烤烟生产工作的会议。坚持做到准备充分,材料完备,服务周到。XX年配合部领导先后筹办了大小会议18个,接待参会人员近XX 人次,受到与会同志的好评;四是与部领导一起搞好对外接待工作。按照服务细致化,接待周密化的要求,在接待前精心准备,安排组织好各个细节,保证了省局(公司)领导和各检查组的检查和考察活动的顺利进行。五是承担抗旱救灾期间所有材料的收集、整理、上报工作。 在5-6月期间,共制作抗旱情况统计表和文字材料20余份上报省公司(每日一份),上报市委、市政府灾情汇报材料先后三份。六是搞好烟叶生产经营秩序整顿规范工作。按照市局(公司)烟叶生产经营秩序整顿规范工作领导组的统一安排部署,**部负责全市烤烟生产合同签订及落实、生产投入两项自查及汇总并草拟《**市整顿和规范烟叶生产经营秩序工作自查报告》,具体由她负责此项工作。接此任务后,她迅速将*烟专〔XX〕173号文件转发到各县(区)公司,又草拟了《关于执行**省开展烟叶生产经营秩序整顿规范工作的补充通知》和《关于认真上报烟叶生

by的用法

by 用法小结 1.用于被动语态的句子中,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。 He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老师的表扬。 The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 2.表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。 Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。 He made a living by teaching.他以教书为生。 3.表示时间,意为“到…时为止”或“不迟于... by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three o’clock Mum told me to come back by 10 o’clock. By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words. 到十岁时,他已学了1000个英语单词。 4. by+交通工具、交通方式名词(名词前不加冠词,不变复数)。意为:“通过…,由…,乘…”。by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane; by land/road/sea/water/air等。(on foot) 5. by+地点名词:表方位,意为:“在…旁边”。 by the lake/river/tree/window/door;sit by my side 6.“从…旁经过”,多与动词go/walk/pass等连用。 pass by经过 7. by accident偶然,意外的 8. by mistake错误的,无意中 9. by chance碰巧 10. by the end of 在(某时间点)以前 注意联系:in the end/ at the end of… 11. by the way顺便说一下 12. one by one一个接一个 13. step by step一步一步地,逐步地 14. by oneself独自 15. learn…by heart用心学… 16. What do you mean by saying that? 你那样说什么意思? 17. by means of用,依靠; 将; 借助于 We express our thought by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想。

烟草办公室工作总结

烟草办公室工作总结 篇一:烟草办公室工作总结 山东京鲁烟叶复烤有限公司办公室20xx年工作总结和20xx年工 作打算20xx年,办公室在公司领导班子的领导下和各兄弟单位的大 力支持下,认真贯彻二届二次董事会议精神和公司工作会议精神, 始终坚持“务实、高效、勤奋、廉洁”的工作作风,紧紧围绕生产经 营这一重点工作,切实履行办公室的职能,在为领导、为职工群众 服务上做了大量有成效的工作,全面推进了各项工作的顺利开展, 较好地完成了工作任务。 现将今年的工作情况总结汇报如下: 一、20xx年办公室工作情况 (一)增强履行职能意识,切实为生产经营工作服务。 我们坚持从服务生产经营工作、服务发展大局出发,履行好办公室职能,发挥作用,积极做好服务工作。 1.做好贯标及各类资质的申报、换证、年检等工作。 在20xx年的贯彻ISO9001:2019版标准工作中,办公室进一步 明确、规范工作程序和责任分工,加强学习、理解和吃透文件精神,积极配合、注重沟通,对所负责的程序文件操作严谨,工作细致, 确保了标准的贯彻落实,顺利通过了北京卷烟厂今年组织的第二方 质量认证。同时,办公室积极与有关主管部门加强沟通与协调,顺 利完成了企业营业执照、机构代码证、专卖生产许可证、车辆等年 检工作,为京鲁公司获得更多的市场“通行证”进而争取更多客户和 占领市场付出了一定的努力。 2.做好客户接待工作。 随着公司业务的不断扩大,客户接待工作成为重中之重,办公室作为职能部门,20xx年共接待了上烟(集团)公司、山东中烟公司、

河北中烟公司,包括有限公司储运站在内等16家烟厂客户,工作量非常大,尤其在生产旺季,平均每天要接待40多人次。在人手少、接待任务重的情况下,办公室精心组织、综合协调、周密安排,本着节约和体现地方特色的原则,提高接待工作水平和服务质量,确保满足客户的合理性需求,配合领导圆满完成了烟厂客户、上级视察、来访等各类接待任务,赢得了客户、领导的广泛好评,并为保持企业良好形象做出了贡献。 3.做好后勤保障工作。 一是积极抓好一、二食堂的管理工作,确保为广大职工提供良好的伙食条件,尤其旺季生产以来,一食堂加班加点,全力配合,保证饭菜供应及时、品种多、价格实惠。二是今年对职工宿舍管理进行了改革,对外承包给保洁公司进行专门管理,每年可为企业节约管理费用3万元,并且职工宿舍环境、卫生得到大大改善,管理水平有了很大提高,进一步为职工提供了良好的生活环境,满足了广大职工群众的基本生活要求,有力的支持了公司的生产经营工作。 4.做好档案管理工作。 今年,为搞好档案管理工作,公2司领导高度重视,把档案工作列入了议事日程,办公室主要做了以下工作:一是进一步建立健全了档案工作管理制度,调整充实了档案工作领导小组和各科室兼职档案员,完善了基础设施,确保了档案安全。二是抓了档案的开发利用,编印了《全宗指南》《组织机构沿革》《大事记》《基础数字、、、汇编》等资料,为利用者和公司各项工作服务,档案管理水平有了进一步提高,在今年省档案局委托市档案局组织的大检查中受到好评。 5.做好企业宣传工作。 去年潍坊烟草网站投入运营以来,办公室设立信息员,积极组织公司各个岗位上的宣传员撰写企业报道,通过网络及时宣传企业取得的新成绩及工作动态,20xx年共向潍坊烟草网站投稿33篇,为树立企业形象发挥了积极的作用,进一步扩大了影响,提高了企业知名度。

介词by的用法

by小结 1.用于被动语态的句子中,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。 He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老师的表扬。 The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 2.表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。 Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。 He made a living by teaching.他以教书为生。 3.表示时间,意为“到……时(为止”或“不迟于……”。 He ought to be here by now.他现在应该在这儿了。 By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.到十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语单词。 4.表示(增减)程度,尺寸数量等,意为“至……的程度”。 the bullet missed me by two inches.那子弹以两英寸之差未击中我。 the rope needs to be longer by two feet.这绳子需要再长两英尺。 5.表示交通路线或工具,后接名词不用冠词,意为“乘;坐”。 go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去 travel by land / sea / air 陆上(海上、空中)旅行 6.表示位置,意为“在近旁;在……旁边”。 There is a pumping station by the river.河边有个抽水站。

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