质量管理简答题
质量管理简答题
1.ISO9000 族的标准如何构成？核心标准是哪些？项标准和一些技术报告组成。其中
ISO9000族的核心标准由ISO9000《质量管理体系基础和术语》、ISO9001《质量管理体系要求》、ISO9004《质量管理体系业绩改进指南》、ISO19011《质量和（或）环境管理体系审核指南》构成。
2.试说明设计质量与产品质量的关系？答：产品质量包括4 个方面：与产品保障有关的
质量——顾客质量设计质量是产品质量的一部分，但也是最关键、最核心的部分，它直接决定了产品质量。
3.国际标准化组织指出产品质量包含4 个方面，是哪4 个方面？与产品保障有关的质量
——顾客质量
4.影响产品质量的因素的哪些？设计质量控制和制造质量控制分别对哪些质量影响因素
可以进行有效、可行的控制？答：质量因素可分为：1）控制因素2）标示因素3）信号因素4)误差因素设计质量控制可以有效的控制和衰减外部干扰、内部干扰和随机干扰引起的质量波动，而制造质量控制只能控制由随机干扰引起的质量波动。所以说，设计质量控制对产品质量起着重要作用。
5.田口稳健设计方法中的“三次设计”是指哪3 个设计阶段？答：（1）系统设计（2）参
数设计（3）容差设计
6.什么是最佳质量成本和最佳质量水平？质量成本特性曲线表明，随着产品质量的提高，
预防鉴定费用和故障费用向相反方向变化，而质量成本的总费用变化有一个最低点，即最佳质量成本。最低点所对应的合格率就是最佳质量水平。
7.为什么要进行质量成本分析？通过质量成本分析，可以找出质量成本构成项目之间有
比例关系，掌握质量成本的变化趋势，找出影响质量成本的关键因素，为改进质量降低产品成本提供可靠的依据，进而提高企业和社会效益。
8.简述质量成本曲线最佳区域三个区域的内容：质量改进区损失成本>70％，预防成本
<10％，加强预防措施；质量控制区或适宜区损失成本＝50％，预防成本＝10％，维持或控制；质量过剩区或至善区损失成本<40％，鉴定成本>50％，重新审查标准或放宽检查。
9.质量管理“新老七种工具”有哪些？主要应用范围？老七种工具：排列图、因果图、
分层法、相关图、调查表、直方图、控制图，主要用于质量问题的分析和工序质量控制。新七种工具：关联图、KJ法、系统图法、矩阵法、矩阵数据分析法、网络图、决策程序图法。要用于PDCA循环的P阶段。
10.质量成本有哪些部分组成？有两大类：运行质量成本和外部质量成本。运行质量成本
又包括：1）预防成本：用于预防产生不合格品与故障等所需的各种费用。2）鉴定成本：评定产品是否满足规定的质量要求而需要的费用。3）内部损失：产品出厂前因不满足规定的质量要求而支付的费用。4）外部损失：成品出厂后，因不满足规定的质量要求而导致的索赔、修理、更换或信誉损失而支付的费用。
质量管理简答题.doc
项目质量管理 简答/论述题：【复习重点】 1.质量管理八项原则？P19 【1】以顾客为关注焦点；【2】领导作用；【3】全员参与；【4】过程方法；【5】管理的系统方法；【6】持续改进；【7】以事实为决策基础；【8】与供应商保持互利的关系。2.进入质量预控的基本步骤是什么?/如何进行项目质量预控？P219 项目质量预控就是针对控制对象预测造成质量问题的因素，拟订质量控制计划，设计控制程序，制定检验评定标准，提出解决有关问题的对策，编制质量制手册等，是一种科学的管理方法。它主要包括以下几个方面： （1）影响因素预测。通过因素分析并参照以往的经验等途径，对在项目实施中可能出现的影响质量的因素加以分析、整理，并绘制成因果分析图。 （2）拟订质量控制计划。一个可行的质量控制计划必须有效而经济，为此在制定计划时必须考虑项质量目目标。 （3）设计控制程序。控制程序规定了在项目实施过程中，不同的阶段所需进行的质量控制内容和方法。 （4）制定检验评定标准。检验评定标准是判断项目质量状况的依据，应根据有关规范；标准；结合具体情况加以制订。 （5）确定对策。根据所预测的影响项目质量的因素，提出对策，并归纳为对策表。 编制质量控制手册，质量控制手册是项目质量控制的指导性文件。 3.什么是控制图？控制图分为几大类？每一类包括什么内容？P155 控制图：可以用于区分质量波动是由于偶然因素引起还是由于异然因素引起的，从而判断项目实施过程是否处于控制状态的一种有效工具。 根据控制对象的不同，控制图分为计量值控制图和计数值控制图。计量值控制图包括：【1】平均值与极差控制图；【2】平均值与标准差控制图；【3】中位图与极差控制图；【4】单值与移动极差控制图；计数值控制图包括：【1】不合格品数控制图；【2】不合格品率控制图；【3】缺陷数控制图；【4】缺陷率控制图。 4.简述合格控制类型？P202 根据所采用的合格控制方法：【1】抽查；该方法通常要求从每批项目产品中抽取一定比例样品作为样本，做通过或通不过的检验，符合规定要求的予以验收。【2】全检；对产品逐一加以检查，合格者接收，不合格者拒收。【3】合格证检查；【4】抽样验收检查。5.标准化与质量管理有何关系？P245 【1】标准化是进行质量管理的依据和基础；【2】标准化活动贯穿于项目质量管理的始终；【3】标准化与质量在PDCA循环中互相推动，共同提高。 6.工序质量控制的基本原理和程序分别是什么？P230 论述题1 （1）工序质量控制的基本原理是：{1}采用数理统计方法，通过对工序一部分（子样）检验的数据，进行统计分析，以判断工序的质量是否稳定、正常；{2}若不稳定，产生异常情况，则必须采取对策和措施予以改进，从而实现对工序质量的控制。工序质量控制的基本原理决定了工序质量控制的程序。 （2）工序质量控制的基本原理决定了工序质量控制的程序；（3）工序质量管理可以简单归纳为：计划-->执行-->检查-->处理的管理控制循环系统。 其程序是：【1】确定各控制点的质量目标。根据质量方针确定控制点应达到的质量水平；【2】制订标准、规程。对所控制的工序，应制定切实可行的质量标准、技术标准、作业规程等技术文件以指导作业；【3】培训。为使工序能够按规程进行，并满足相应的标准，操作者必须首先了解并理解有关标准和规程，并贯彻到实际操作过程中。【4】作业。作业
英美文化概况试题5
山东经济学院2010--2011学年第 1学期期末试题 英美文化概况（110126）试卷（5） 注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效 Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. 3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. 5. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. 6. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. 7. The Clinton Administration made national security, economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of the American foreign policy. 8.It takes at least fours years to get a bachelor’s degree from an institution of higher learning in the US. 9. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. 10. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives. 11.The main duty of the Congress is to make laws, including those which levy taxes that pay for the work of the federal government. 12.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic” 13. When George W. Bush became President, his foreign policy has two prominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. 14. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. 15. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. 16. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers. - 1 - （共页）
质量管理简答题
《卓越绩效评价准则》的主要内容包括哪些方面？答：《卓越绩效评价准则》的主要内容包括组织的评价和七大部分，分别是领导，战略，顾客与市场，资源，过程管理，测量、分析与改进以及经营结果。其中前六项表示组织的过程，最后一个表示组织成果。 产品质量法调整的社会关系有哪些？答：产品质量法调整的社会关系分为两大类。第一类是在产品质量监督管理过程中产生的监督与被监督、管理与被管理的社会关系。这类社会关系的主体,一方面依照法律规定行使监督管理职权的产品质量监督管理机关,如我国各级技术监督局及计经委的技术质量管理处(科、室),另一方面则从事产品生产经营活动的组织或个人。第二类是在产品交换过程中产生的具有等价交换性质的社会关系。这类社会关系的主体,一方面是产品的生产者、销售者,另一方面则是产品的用户、消费者。 根据我国现行法律规定，有哪些产品质量责任？答：产品质量责任，是产品的生产经营者违反产品质量义务时应承担的法律责任。根据现行法律的规定，产品质量责任分为行政责任、经济民事责任和刑事责任。 何谓抽样检验，抽样检验适用于何种情况？答：抽样检验是按统计方法确定的抽样方案从每一批产品中抽取适当数量的部分产品作为样本，对样本中的每一个产品、每一个过程或每一项服务进行检验，通过这样的检验来判别一批产品是否符合要求。抽样检验适用于下面几种情况：生产批量大、自动化程度高、质量比较稳定的产品或工序；进行破坏性检验的产品或工序；外协件、外购件成批进货的验收检验；某些生产效率高、检验时间长的产品或工序；检验成本较高的产品或工序；漏检少量不合格品不会引起重大损失的产品或工序。 简述ISO 9000系列标准的作用。答：（1）ISO 9000系列标准的产生是卖方（供方）赢得竞争的一种手段；（2）ISO 9000系列标准的产生是保护消费者（买方）利益的必然要求；（3）ISO 9000系列标准的产生是各国政府保护本国自身利益有力武器。 简述PDCA循环的具体步骤。答：PDCA循环的具体步骤包括：（1）找出存在问题，选定课题；（2）分析产生问题的原因（即对5M1E进行调查研究）；（3）找出影响最大的原因；（4）制定措施计划（回答5W1H）；（5）执行措施计划；（6）调查效果总结经验；（7）巩固成绩；（8）找出尚未解决的问题转入下一个PDCA循环。 （1）收集数据；（2）对数据进行分组；（3）计算组平均 （5）作出控制图。 简述不同类型产品的质量特性。答：（1）硬件和流程性材料类型产品的质量特性。对于硬件和流程性材料类型的产品，产品的质量特性大致可归纳为性能、可信性、安全性、适应性、经济性、时间性六个方面。(2)服务类型产品的质量特性。对于服务类型的产品，其质量特性大致可以归纳为功能性、经济性、安全性、时间性、舒适性、文明性等六个方面。(3)软件类型产品的质量特性。对于软件类型的产品，其质量特性大致可归纳为功能性、可靠性、易使用性、效率、维护性、可移植性、保密性和经济性等八个方面。 简述成功实施六西格玛管理所必需的团队构成及分工。六西格玛管理所必需的团队构成及分工如下：（1）倡导者.倡导者是六西格玛项目的领导者。主要负责部署项目、确定目标、分配资源和监控过程等，决定“该做什么”。倡导者的支持和鼓励是六西格玛项目取得成功的最重要的驱动因素。（2）黑带大师.黑带大师是实施六西格玛管理的技术专家，级别最高，为专职六西格玛管理人员。其主要职责是：协助倡导者选择项目；挑选、培训和指导黑带；参与项目评审等，决定“该如何做”。黑带大师的技术支持是六西格玛项目成功实施的基本保证。（3）黑带。黑带是专门从事六西格玛项目的技术骨干，为全面推行六西格玛管理的中坚力量。该职位成员来自组织的各个部门，经过系统培训并取得认证，也为专职六西格玛管理人员。黑带负责配合黑带大师组建项目团队、执行项目实施方案、为绿带和员工提供六西格玛管理工具和技术的培训。同黑带大师一样，黑带在六西格玛管理中起到技术保证作用。
英美概况期末考试名词解释整理
The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were
英美概况简答论述题答案
dotourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes. were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed. Rise and Fall of the British Empire. Colonization of Newfoundland, the first Britain colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the Britain Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the Britain government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War I, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain’s colonies gained indepependence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire. are the three functions of the House of Commons The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy. is the Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members. were the major causes of Britain’s relative economic decline in the postwar period First, Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the Britain Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for Britain goods, gained their independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after World War II whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.
质量管理学简答题归纳
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