2019版高考英语一轮(通用版)课时提升作业： 十四 必修3 Unit 4 含答案

课时提升作业十四

必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars

(限时35分钟)

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a national leader in public astronomy, and one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles. It is located on the southern slope (山坡) of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park at 1, 134 feet above sea level.

Visitors may drive to the Observatory and park in its parking lot or on nearby roads. No reservation (预订) is required to visit. Parking is limited, and the busiest times are weekends. Buses, taxis, and carpools are welcome. LADOT provides weekend public bus service from the Sunset/Vermont Metro Red Line station.

Griffith Observatory is open six days a week. Admission and parking are free.

Hours of Operation

Tuesday—Friday12: 00 noon—10: 00 p. m.

Saturday—Sunday 10: 00 a. m. —10: 00 p. m.

Monday Closed

Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day Closed

Samuel Oschin Planetarium

The Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater offers 8 to 10 live, half-hour presentations each day. There are usually four different shows from which to choose.

Shows are presented every 60 to 90 minutes. Check the website, information desks, or the box office for each day’s show times. Late seating is not permitted.

Samuel Oschin Planetarium tickets must be purchased at the Observatory and are only available on the day of the show. The ticket prices for shows are:

Adults(13—59 years old)$7. 00

Children (5—12 years old) $3. 00

Seniors (60 years and older) $5. 00

Students $5. 00

Children under 5 years will be admitted only to the first show each day.

Hearing assist devices are available upon request.

Public Telescopes

Free public telescopes are available each evening the Observatory is open and skies are clear. The Zeiss telescope on the roof is generally open by 7: 00 p. m. . All observing must be completed by 9: 45 p. m. .

【文章大意】本文主要介绍的是美国著名景点——格里菲斯天文台。

1. What can we learn about Griffith Observatory according to the

passage?

A. It is open all the year around.

B. It is mostly visited at weekends.

C. It becomes famous because of Hollywood.

D. It is the most attractive place in Los Angeles.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Parking is limited, and the busiest times are weekends”可知, 周末是格里菲斯天文台最繁忙的时间。

2. Which of the following best describes the Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater?

A. Hearing assist devices are provided to seniors.

B. The shows there generally last 60 to 90 minutes.

C. Visitors are required to be seated before the show starts.

D. The tickets for its shows can be bought through the website.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Samuel Oschin Planetarium部分第二段最后一句“Late seating is not permitted. ”可知, 要提前入场就座, 迟到了就不能进剧场了。

3. To watch the show, a young couple with a 7-year-old son should pay ________.

A. $13. 00

B. $15. 00

C. $17. 00

D. $20. 00

【解析】选C。数字计算题。根据票价“Adults(13-59 years old) $7. 00”

和“Children(5-12 years old) $3. 00”可知, 一对年轻夫妇和一个7岁男孩共需要17美元。

4. Which of the following is charged?

A. Parking.

B. Telescopes.

C. Hearing assist devices.

D. LADOT bus service.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章中的“Admission and parking are free. ” “Free public telescopes are available”和“Hearing assist devices are available upon request. ”可知, A、B、C三项都是免费的, 故选D。【知识拓展】Griffith Observatory背景知识

“格里菲斯天文台”( Griffith Observatory) 坐落在美国洛杉矶北部的好莱坞的南山坡上, 在这里既可以上看浩瀚银河星球, 也可以俯瞰繁华洛杉矶城区, 尤其是夜景尤为美丽壮观, 可以说是仰观天文, 俯察地理的完美之地。格里菲斯天文台不算是专业的科研天文台, 它的主要作用是天文科学普及教育。

B

Twelve years ago, Danny called me from a dark, damp subway station. “A baby! ” he shouted. “Get down here, and flag down a police car or something. ” By nature, Danny is a remarkably calm person, so when I felt his heart pounding through the phone line, I ran.

When I got to the subway station, Danny was holding a light-brown-skinned baby, about a day old. The baby had been wrapped in an oversize black sweatshirt and left on the ground in a corner behind

the gate.

What neither of us knew, or could have predicted, was that Danny had not just saved an abandoned infant; he had found our son.

Three months later, Danny appeared in family court to give an account of finding the baby. Suddenly, the judge asked, “Would you be interested in adopting this baby? ” The question surprise d everyone in the courtroom, except Danny, who answered, simply, “Yes. ”

“But I know it’s not that easy, ” he said.

“Well, it can be, ” assured the judge before barking out orders to allow me to be a parent-to-be.

My first reaction, when I heard, went something like, “Are you crazy? How could you say yes without consulting me? ”

In three years as a couple, we had never discussed adopting a child.

I was an ambitious playwright working as a part-time word processor. Danny was a respected yet wildly underpaid social worker. We had a roommate, who slept in our living room, to help pay the rent.

We knew how many challenges couples usually faced when they wanted to adopt. And while Danny had patience and selflessness, I didn’t know how to change a diaper (尿布), let alone nurse a child. I didn’t trust the system and was sure there would be obstacles. Also, I couldn’t handle parenthood. So I promised myself I wouldn’t get attached.

The caretaker held him and then placed him in my arms. But when the baby stared up at me, with all the innocence and hope he represented, I, like Danny, was completely hooked.

【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是一对年轻夫妻收养一个被遗弃的婴儿的故事。这篇文章让我们感受到了人性的善良。

5. Why did the author rush to the subway station?

A. Because Danny finally found their lost son.

B. Because she sensed Danny met something urgent.

C. Because Danny had a heart attack.

D. Because someone gave birth to a baby there.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段可知, 当作者听到Danny电话里急促的声音, 意识到可能发生了紧急事, 因为Danny平时是一个稳重的人, 所以便跑向了地铁站。

6. How did the author react on hearing Danny’s answer to the judge’s question?

A. Surprised by the question.

B. Crazy to be a parent-to-be.

C. Annoyed at Danny’s decision.

D. Angry at challenging her authority.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据“My first reaction, when I heard, went something like, ‘Are you crazy? How could you say yes without consulting me? ’”, 再结合下文可知, 当时作者夫妇的经济条件并不乐

观, 所以当Danny在没有和作者商量的情况下便收养了这个婴儿, 作者是感到十分生气的。

7. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.

A. the author will adopt the baby

B. the couple were tempted to take the baby

C. the baby will bring hope to the family

D. the couple love each other very much

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I, like Danny, was completely hooked. ”可判断出, 作者已经愿意收养这个婴儿。

8. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A. To introduce a story of a poor family.

B. To inform people of the difficulty of adopting a baby.

C. To call on people to donate money to them.

D. To show humans’ kindness and love by nature.

【解析】选D。目的意图题。尽管当时这对夫妻并没有很好的经济基础, 但男主人仍然坚持收养这个婴儿, 女主人也接受了这个可爱的婴儿。故这篇文章的写作目的是展示人性的善良和爱。

【知识拓展】难句解读

By nature, Danny is a remarkably calm person, so when I felt his heart pounding through the phone line, I ran.

翻译: 丹尼天生就是一个非常镇静的人, 因此当我在电话上感受到他的心在怦怦直跳时, 我就跑了过去。

分析: so连接表示因果关系的并列句, when I felt his heart pounding through the phone line为时间状语从句。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter how hard he studied, he was never 1to fly in space.

2, he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his 3.

Thinking about all the time and 4Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt 5for him. Despite what he was told about having to

6his ambition, Parker continued training and studying, 7 he was going to have the tests next month.

He carried this on and on as he got 8, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important 9 experiments. For those experiments they needed a very 10 astronaut. Parker, who now walked with a 11, was the only old man in the whole world who was 12to fly in a rocket. Therefore, Parker found himself flying in 13, all with the help of science. It was clear that the 14gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was 15as a hero.

Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth 16all over the world, and became a 17of how you can never train or learn too much. It showed that 18effort always brings 19, even though it may not be in the form we had first 20.

【文章大意】Parker从小立志要当一名宇航员, 尽管梦想一次次破灭, 但他从未放弃希望, 最终成为老人时才实现了自己的飞天梦。

1. A. noticed B. selected

C. invited

D. permitted

【解析】选B。词汇复现题。无论他怎样努力, 都没有被选去进行太空飞行, 此处表示“选拔”。也可通过后面的关键词selection得出答案。

2. A. Secretly B. Suddenly

C. Luckily

D. Finally

【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。最后, 他已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄。finally最后。

3. A. dream B. task C. need D. belief

【解析】选A。词汇辨析题。也就是说, 他永远也无法实现他的梦想。

4. A. money B. energy

C. effort

D. practice

【解析】选C。词汇辨析题。一想到他为了成为宇航员所付出的时间和努力, 人们就为他感到遗憾。effort努力。

5. A. happy B. sorry C. nervous D. calm

【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。人们为他感到遗憾。sorry遗憾的。

6. A. ignore B. forget

C. develop

D. abandon

【解析】选D。词汇辨析题。尽管他人让他放弃自己的志向, 但他仍继续训练和学习。abandon放弃。

7. A. so that B. now that

C. as if

D. even though

【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。Parker继续训练和学习, 仿佛下个月他就要去考试一样。as if 仿佛。

8. A. taller B. richer

C. stronger

D. older

【解析】选D。词汇复现题。根据后面when he was a very old man, 可知应选D。

9. A. electrical B. physical

C. medical

D. political

【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后面的the ________gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, 可知, 是做医学实验。medical 医药的, 医学的。

10. A. sick B. experienced

C. active

D. old

【解析】选D。词汇复现题。根据后面的. . . was the only old man in the whole world可知, 他们所需要的是一位老宇航员。

11. A. map B. stick C. guide D. candle

【解析】选B。词汇辨析题。Parker现在是老人了, 走路需要拐杖了, 故选B。

12. A. planned B. trained C. forced D. allowed 【解析】选B。前后照应题。Parker是全世界唯一一个受过培训的坐火箭飞行的老人。trained 受过训练的。

13. A. silence B. danger C. action D. space

【解析】选D。词汇复现题。根据第一段中he was never ________to fly in space可知, 是在太空中飞行。

14. A. knowledge B. experience

C. money

D. opportunity

【解析】选A。词汇辨析题。在那些任务中所获得的知识有助于治愈老人最严重的疾病之一。knowledge知识。

15. A. replaced B. educated

C. praised

D. affected

【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。Parker被人们赞美为英雄。

16. A. moved B. flew C. spread D. took

【解析】选C。词汇辨析题。拄着拐杖且没有牙齿的宇航员的照片在全世界传播开来, 故选C。

17. A. symbol B. mark C. case D. doubt

【解析】选A。词汇辨析题。照片成了一个象征, 你无论怎么学习和训练都不为过。symbol 象征。

18. A. desperate B. persistent

C. cautious

D. apparent

【解析】选B。词汇辨析题。坚持不懈的努力总会带来回报, 故选B。desperate绝望的; persistent坚持不懈的; cautious小心的; apparent明显的。

19. A. award B. prize C. result D. reward 【解析】选D。词汇辨析题。坚持不懈的努力会带来回报的, 故选D。award奖, 奖品; prize奖赏; result结果; reward回报, 报答。

20. A. expected B. guessed

C. suggested

D. proved

【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。尽管它并不是我们最初所期待的那种形式。

【知识拓展】词汇积累

1. maximum adj. 最高的, 最大极限的

2. fulfill vt. 实现, 完成(计划等)

3. ambition n. 抱负, 雄心, 野心

4. mission n. 使命, 任务

5. even though即使, 纵然

Ⅲ. 语法填空

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Although it is cold outside in winter, we have heating systems to keep us warm indoors in most parts of North China, and in South China,

they 1. ________ least have air conditioners or electric radiators. But how did ancient people in China keep warm without modern equipment?

During the Qin and Han dynasties, temperature adjustable rooms 2. ________ (appear) in royal families. Royal courts had larger and more

3. ________ (advance) rooms, called the “temperature adjustable hall”.

4. ________ (palace) such as Changle Palace and Weiyang Palace in Western Han dynasty had temperature adjustable halls. Changle Palace,

5. ________ was originally used as the government’s “office building” and “president suite” for Liu Bang, not only had heating rooms for winter, but also rooms for

6. ________ (cool) down in summer.

These halls were also a good place 7. ________ (store)books as a comfortable temperature could help preserve books 8. ________ provide

a better environment for reading.

9. ________ is said that the “temperature adjustable hall” was built with the wall 10. ________ (cover) with prickly-ash mash (花椒泥). Tapestries (挂毯) on the wall, a thick blanket on the ground and wild goose feather-made curtains were also used to keep cool air outside.

【文章大意】本文主要讲述了古人调节室内温度的办法。

1. 【解析】at。at least意为“至少”。

2. 【解析】appeared。由“During the Qin and Han dynasties”可知, appear 所表示的动作发生在过去, 故填appeared。

3. 【解析】advanced。设空处作定语修饰rooms, 且意为“先进的”, 故填advanced。

4. 【解析】Palaces。设空处作主语, 由“such as”可知应用复数形式, 故填Palaces。

5. 【解析】which。设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 补充说明Changle Palace, 且在从句中作主语, 故填which。

6. 【解析】cooling。设空处作介词的宾语, 故填动词-ing形式。

7. 【解析】to store。place后跟带to的不定式作定语, 表示“用于做……/适合做……的地方”, 故填to store。

8. 【解析】and。preserve与provide之间是并列关系, 故填and。

9. 【解析】It。设空处作形式主语, that引导的主语从句是真实主语, 故填It。

10.【解析】covered。with the wall与设空处构成with复合结构, cover 与the wall之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作宾语补足语。