文档视界 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档视界 › Why should we study Etiquette2

Why should we study Etiquette2

Why should we study Etiquette2
Why should we study Etiquette2

1. Why should we study Etiquette?

Firstly , Etiquette, as an indispensable form in international association, has played a more and more significant role.

Secondly,Etiquette plays a decisive role in external relationships. In social contacts those who behave with good manners will be held in esteem and give people a good impression.

Thirdly,In the contemporary age, various new thoughts, new information and technologies are spring up constantly. All these make the connection, exchanges and cooperation among people more important. So, the coordinating function that etiquette plays in human relationships is becoming more and more necessary, dynamic and indispensable.

2. What is the Essence of Courtesy?

The essence of etiquette is respect.

It includes respecting oneself, respecting others and respecting the society. Should a person respect hi mself, he is able to deserve others’ respect. Self-respect hints respecting oneself proper and respecting the profession that one is engaging in and the company or institution that one is working at.

Respecting others covers respecting one’s superiors/bosses, colleagues, subordinates, clients/customers, opponents.

Respecting one’s superiors is the bounden duty

Respecting the society will beautify the living environment and help to optimize the development of human beings. It requires people to pay special attention to the social morality, to maintain social order, to protect the environment, to love people and the nation and to abide by law.

3. Say something about Personal Privacy.

If one enters a private house without asking for permission, he/she is likely to be shot or accused of trespassing or burglary.

If a person is reading, others must not lean over their shoul der to share with hi m.

Even between a couple, a spo use can not open the other’s personal letters and vice versa.

In western countries, one’s income is top secret. It is also considered impolite to inquire about one’ s property.

Even in the United States, one must not ask about the age of others.

Don’t ask the price if somebody show you something.

Keep a certain distance with the westerners while talking or lining.

4. What should we pay special attention to when shaking hands with others?

In our daily human communication, greetings between each other is pri marily necessary. The differences between cultures and customs cause the differences between the courtesies in greeting, which colors the customs in greeting, such as nodding, bowing, hands-fol ding, hugging and handshaking, and among these, handshaking is regarded as a universal language in greetings. Then what shall we notice while shaking hands with others, since it is a regular courtesy in our social life. Firstly, the proper handshake should be brief. Secondly, the hands holding firm. Thirdly, the attitude should enthusiastic and while shaking hands both sides should look at each other with

smiles.

Moreover, handshakes between men must be steady and firm.

Last but not at least, when many people try to shake hands at the same time, they should avoid crossing hands and do it one after another.

5. How should one respect a lady in a dance?

In a dance, the man must dance first with the girl accompanied with hi m. When the dance ends, he must say thanks and help her find a seat. He must not leave till she is seated.While he is inviting a lady to dance, he must make a little bow and say “shall I have this dance with you?” If refused, you are not supposed to be annoyed.

1 to 5 (function; essence; Rangqiangxiang; privacy;handsshaking)

6. What should a man do in a dance?

If you wish to dance with a certain lady, go to her, bow, and say: “May I have the pleasure of a dance?”

At the end of a dance, thank your partner, but do not leave her until you have conducted her to a seat .

If you are introduced to a lady in the party, you must ask her for a dance.

If you accompany a lady to a home dance, after she has put her wraps in the cloakroom you should take her first to greet the hostess, then dance the first dance with her. At refreshment time you must see that she gets refreshments. And finally, dance the last dance with her.

7. What’s the differences between formal and informal western suits?

In principle, formal dark-color suits fit formal,grand and solemn occasions,while informal dress is appropriate for ordinary circumstances.

The morning dress (晨礼服)

The tuxedo (小礼服)

The tail coat (燕尾服)

But The traditional western formal dress:

Ladies’dress make a little difference.

It is too casual and rude to dress out of time or to dress randomly. As a consequence it makes other people feel disgusted.

8. What should a lady pay attention to as for decorations to her dress?

Firstly: Ladies’dress make a little difference.

It is too casual and rude to dress out of time or to dress randomly. As a consequence it makes other people feel disgusted.

9. What are considered as good table manners in the west?

Firstly:Begin your meal after the hostess or host takes up the table napkin

Secondly: serve yourself while the dish is on your left instead of right.

Thirdly: When eating at someone’s house, it is usually better for a guest to take a small amount from each dish rather than make the hostess feel that the does not like her food, or that he is a person hard to please.

Fourth: fruit can not be eaten with hands.

Fifth: Do not rub the tableware on the table with a napkin.

Sixth: Do not put too much food in your mouth at a time.

Seventh: Do not make any noise when you are eating.

让墙巷的启示:秦始皇已经作古,万里长城已成为一道供人游览的景观,三尺巷默默无闻,知道这段故事的人却寥若晨星,我在这里重温这段故事,昭示人们:要开诚布公,亲善友爱,和睦相处,遇事三思,换位思考,让我们拥抱春天,享受温馨的未来.

试想,如果人人都具有“让他三尺有何妨”的博爱、宽让之心,良好的社会公德岂有树立不起来之理!

陆在易艺术歌曲_桥_的钢琴伴奏研究

2007年9月 第5期浙 江 教 育 学 院 学 报JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG EDUCATION INSTITUTE Septe mber 2007No 5 收稿日期:2007-08-04 作者简介:李晨(1970-),男,江苏南通人,浙江教育学院艺术学院音乐系讲师。陆在易艺术歌曲 桥 的钢琴伴奏研究 李 晨 (浙江教育学院艺术学院,浙江杭州310012) 摘 要:钢琴伴奏声部是艺术歌曲的重要组成部分,其地位是与演唱声部等同 的,这是艺术歌曲在创作上的重要特点。陆在易所作艺术歌曲 桥 的钢琴伴奏部分 在和弦写作多样化与音型、节奏的合理布局等方面都体现了伴奏在歌曲中的重要性。 关键词:陆在易; 桥 ;艺术歌曲;钢琴伴奏 中图分类号:G614 7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-6574(2007)05-0093-04 艺术歌曲源自18世纪末19世纪初,是欧洲盛行的一种抒情歌曲,它有一些区别于其他类型歌曲的特征:(1)它的歌词是具有较高艺术性的文学作品。(2)它的声乐部分与器乐部分是不可分割的整体,钢琴或乐队部分起的作用绝不只是单纯的伴奏,而是与演唱者平等的 演奏者 [1]。这些特征可以从国外古典时期及浪漫时期的艺术歌曲中发现,如:贝多芬、舒伯特、拉赫玛尼诺夫等人的作品。中国的艺术歌曲起步较晚,但从一开始就具有既借鉴外国艺术歌曲的表现手法,又注意与我国的民族语言、民族气质和民族情感表达方式相结合的特点[2],如赵元任的 教我如何不想她 、张肖虎的 声声慢 等。从上世纪80年代初起,我国逐渐涌现出一些优秀的艺术歌曲作家,陆在易就是其中的佼佼者。 桥 [3]是陆在易创作于1981年的一首艺术歌曲,描绘的是一幅游子眼中的江南水乡风情画卷,钢琴伴奏部分的写作无论从中西风格的结合,还是音型的安排等都恰到好处地衬托了歌曲所要表达的意境。正是因为钢琴伴奏部分与歌曲融为一体,因此,这首歌曲就像呈现在听觉世界里的一幅江南水墨画,写意与具象并举,浓墨与淡彩共存,令人遐想无限。本文将从两方面对 桥 的钢琴伴奏部分进行分析。 一、和弦多样化 歌曲除了前奏为小调式之外,基本以大调式为主线贯穿全曲,伴奏部分的写作中穿插色彩变音,使歌曲的风格从纵向上呈现出多样化,暗合了江南风景中 一步一景 的特点。 表1 前奏中的和弦性质 小节 和 弦1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 九和弦 大七和弦 小三和弦小三和弦 减三和弦小三和弦 大七和弦减小七和弦 小三和弦小三和弦 大三和弦 减三和弦小三和弦 大小七和弦带倚音的小三和弦 小三和弦

Unit 9 How to Grow Old 课文翻译

Unit 9 How to Grow Old Bertrand A. Russell 1. In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of life, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be, to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great-grandmother of mine, who was a friend of Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to women’s higher education. She was one of the founders of Girton College, and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women. She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted fro m his two grandchildren. “Good gracious,” she exclaimed, “I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!” “Madre snaturale,” he replied. But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty she found she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m. in reading popular science. I do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young. If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future. 2. As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. 3. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to

《上帝也疯狂2》观后感

《上帝也疯狂2》观后感 政史学院历史09班梁燕学号:200902405153 这部影片讲了在沙漠中生活的卡拉哈里人远离现代世界,在干旱的环境里自有一套谋生方式。卡拉哈里人奇哥的两个幼子奇沙与奇尔在父亲寻找食物时被车厢的露水吸引,登上了偷猎者的卡车,却被不知情的偷猎者带走。奇哥自此踏上了追寻孩子的旅途……来自美国的法学博士安泰勒经一位心血来潮的飞行员邀请,登上了他的飞机,却为恶劣的天气影响,和动物学家马歇尔一同被困在沙漠的深处,两位博士术业有专攻,但野外生存肯定不是安泰勒的强项,女博士忙乱的表现为这次历险平添了轻松的气氛……古巴战士与非洲士兵为双方阵营而战,两个人一把枪传来传去,他们也先后做着对方的俘虏……这群人在沙漠深处的动物天堂穿插互动,上演了一出温馨轻松的喜剧。下面我将从感受深的几点来进行理论结合。 从影片来看,沙漠中的卡拉哈里人远离现代世界,他们的观点不同。卡拉哈里人信仰上帝,相信一切都是上帝的赏赐,他们懂得如何在沙漠里生存,懂得如何利用沙漠里一切,如辨别动物的脚印说明沙漠中发生的事、在没有降水的时候如何利用植物来获取水、、、、、、而这一切对于沙漠外的人来说是不可思议的,代表就是女主角法学博士安泰勒。从世界的物质性而言,我们可以看到物质世界是客观实在的,无论是沙漠世界还是现代世界,且不以人的意识为转移。社会生活本质是实践的,体现在实践是社会关系形成的基础,实践形成了社会生活的基本领域,实践构成了社会发展的动力。卡拉哈里人生活在沙漠的内部,在沙漠的时间构成了他们的社会关系,形成了他们社会生活得基本领域,也促成了他们发展的动力;而生活在现代世界的人来说,在没有实践的沙漠地带他们没办法有自己的社会关系,生活领域,这些他们只能在他们实践的现代社会里才能实现,也才能构成他们的社会生活。当然,事物是普遍联系和相互发展的,虽然卡拉哈里人远离现代世界,但是从总个社会来说,他们还是相互联系的,而且是发展着的。 从认识的本质来理解这部影片,我了解到: 实践是认识的基础; 认识是主体对客体的能动反映; 认识要一切从实际出发,在实践中坚持和发展真理。 在影片中卡拉哈里人和研究动物的动物学博士马歇尔在沙漠的实践中认识到沙漠的现象,他们知道动物的脚印代表什么意思,知道沙漠中动物的习性,它们怕什么,要怎样去防范他们的攻击,最典型的就是土狼这种胆小又怯懦的动物了。而影片中的女主角法学博士安泰勒由于对沙漠中的一切没有充分的实践以致对沙漠没有充分认识,在影片中表现的一惊一乍的,充分的展示了人在危急时刻爆发出来的潜力,给影片带来了很多的笑点。除了生活在现代社会中的女主角,还有奇哥的两个小孩被没有见过轮胎的印子还有那一箱的水吸引,从而登上了偷猎者的卡车,却被不知情的偷猎者带走。还有影片中女主角由于自己的惊吓把载她的卡拉哈里人的自行车撞坏之后,硬塞给他美元的镜头,给我印象很深。女主没有从实际出发,没有认识到卡拉哈里人是不需要到钱币的,要把客观存在的事物作为观察和处理问题的根本出发点,并在实践中坚持发展真理。只有真正的在沙漠中实践过,才能坚持和发展真理。 以前看电影从来没有这样的想过要理论结合,经过候老师这么要求反而觉得能学以致用,加深对所学知识的理解,让认识与实践相结合,从而加深了对知识的理解。

Unit 1 A Class Act 课文翻译

Unit 1 A CLASS ACT Florence Cartlidge 1. Growing up in bomb-blitzed Manchester during the Second World War meant times were tough, money was short, anxiety was rife and the pawnshop was a familiar destination for many families, including mine. 2. Yet I could not have asked for more enterprising and optimistic parents. They held our family together with hard work, dignity and bucketloads of cheer. My sturdy and ingenious father could turn his hand to almost anything and was never short of carpentry and handyman work. He even participated in the odd bout of backstreet boxing to make ends meet. For her part, our mum was thrifty and meticulously clean, and her five children were always sent to school well fed, very clean, and attired spotlessly, despite the hard conditions. 3. The trouble was, although my clothes were ironed to a knife-edge, and shoes polished to a gleam, not every item was standard school uniform issue. While Mum had scrimped and saved to obtain most of the gear, I still didn’t have the pres cribed blue blazer and hatband. 4. Because of the war, rationing was in place and most schools had relaxed their attitude towards proper uniforms, knowing how hard it was to obtain clothes. Nevertheless, the girls’ school I attended made it strict policy that each of its students was properly attired, and the deputy headmistress who ran the daily assembly made it her mission to teach me a lesson. 5. Despite my attempts at explaining why I couldn’t comply, and despite the fact that I was making slow progress towards the full uniform, every day I would be pulled out of line and made to stand on the stage as a shining example of what not to wear to school. 6. Every day I would battle back tears as I stood in front of my peers, embarrassed and, most often, alone. My punishment also extended to being barred from the gym team or to not taking part in the weekly ballroom dancing classes, which I adored. I desperately

Thechaser追逐者中英对照

The Chaser John Collier Alan Auste n, as n ervous as a kitte n, went up certa in dark and creaky stairs in the n eighborhood of Pell Street , and peered about for a long time on the dim landing before he found the n ame he wan ted writte n obscurely on one of the doors. He pushed ope n this door, as he had bee n told to do, and found himself in a tiny room, which contained no furn iture but a pla in kitche n table, a rock in g-chair, and an ordinary chair. On one of the dirty buff-colored walls were a couple of shelves, containing in all perhaps a doze n bottles and jars. An old man sat in the rock in g-chair, read ing a n ewspaper. Ala n, without a word, handed him the card he had been given. 人Sit down, Mr. Austen, said the old man very politely. 人I am glad to make your acqua intance. 人Is it true, asked Alan, 人that you have a certain mixture that has ! er ! quite extraordinary effects? 人My dear sir, replied the old man, 人my stock in trade is not very large ! I don …t deal in laxatives and teething mixtures ! but such as it is, it is varied. I think nothing I sell has effects which could be precisely described as ordin ary. 人Well, the fact is ! began Alan. 人Here, for example, interrupted the old man, reaching for a bottle from the shelf. 人Here is a liquid as colorless as water, almost tasteless, quite imperceptible in coffee, wine, or any other beverage. It is also quite imperceptible to any known method of autopsy. 人Do you mean it is a poison? cried Alan, very much horrified. 人Call it a glove-cleaner if you like, said the old man indifferently. 人Maybe it will clean gloves. I have never tried. One might call it a life-cleaner. Lives need cleaning sometimes. 人I want nothing of that sort, said Alan. 人Probably it is just as well, said the old man. 人Do you know the price of this? For one teaspoonful, which is sufficient, I ask five thousa nd dollars. Never less. Not a penny less. 人I hope all your mixtures are not as expensive, said Alan apprehe nsively. 人Oh dear, no, said the old man. 人It would be no good charg ing that sort of price for a love poti on, for example. Young people who n eed a love poti on very seldom have five thousa nd dollars. Otherwise they would not n eed a love poti on. 人I am glad to hear that, said Alan. 人I look at it like this, said the old man. 人Please a customer with one article, and he will come back whe n he n eeds another. Even if it is more costly. He will save up for it, if n ecessary. 人So, said Alan, 人you really do sell love potions? 人If I did not sell love potions, said the old man, reaching for another bottle, 人I should not have mentioned the other matter to you. It is only whe n one is in a positi on to oblige that one can afford to be so con fide ntial. 人And these potions, said Alan. 人They are not just ! just ! er ! 人Oh, no, said the old man. 人Their effects are permanent, and exte nd far bey ond casual impulse. But they in clude it. Boun tifully, in siste ntly. Everlast in gly. 人Dear me! said Alan, attempting a look of scientific detachme nt. "How very in teresti ng! 人But consider the spiritual side, said the old man.

上帝也疯狂电影观后感范文

上帝也疯狂电影观后感范文 《上帝也疯狂》系列讲述的是在非洲的卡拉哈里地区,生活着一群生性乐观、知足自在的布希族土人,两万年来过着与世隔绝的生活.这里给大家整理了一些有关上帝也疯狂的观后感,希望对大家有所帮助. 上帝也疯狂观后感1 看完电影我真的十分震撼,在捧腹之余,我觉得人类很有必要审视一下此刻的“所谓礼貌”。“那里看起来像人间天堂,却是世界上最个性的沙漠。”开头这句话看似像是在给人们说这片沙漠的神奇、与众不一样。其实不然,接下来的一系列片段讲述了住在这片沙漠的布依人。他们十分知足、十分和善、甚至不懂得什么是礼貌。在他们看来,一切都是上帝的恩赐。更可贵的是他们没有所有权意识。但这一切被飞行员投下的一个玻璃瓶打破了,他们认为那是上帝在跟他们开玩笑,是不祥之物,由历苏送到“世界的尽头”扔掉 这部影片很巧妙的利用了比较,在南方600里的城市,这是一个现代化十分发达的城市。但那里的人们并不快乐,他们过着死板的生活,周一早上八点去上班,中间十点半有十五分钟的休息时刻。他们像是时刻的奴隶,那里的学生被迫理解十几年的教

育,那里的上班族受到上司的刁难。而在北方2000里的地方发生了一场政治刺杀,他们为了权力宁愿舍弃生命 其实,每个人的心灵深处都住着善意,只是在追逐名利中、在征服自然中失去了本性,造就了所谓的现代礼貌——现代礼貌的背后,是对资源的疯狂掠夺,是硝烟弥漫的战争,是追逐名利的勾心斗角,是篡改历史,是强权霸权主义的盛行 当历苏站在那个美丽的悬崖边上,一扬手,可乐瓶子在空中划出一道完美的抛物线,然后不见。当时我就在想:或许,人类真的需要给心灵找一个居所,让它能够得到净化的憩居。像布依人那样随心所欲的生活,与世无争,与自然和谐相处。哪怕是回归原始,又有何不可? 上帝也疯狂观后感2 一个布希族人凯捡到了一个可乐瓶,开始布希族觉得这是上帝赠给他们的礼物。世事难料,因为这个瓶子,布希族人开始闹起了矛盾。他们觉得这是“不祥之物”,凯决定把瓶子扔到天涯海角去。他遇到了安德鲁史帝,和他一起保护了一群孩子和凯特,并且抓住了恐怖的人波哈。最后凯扔掉了瓶子,返回布希族。 在这部电影中我十分佩服凯。凯射杀了一只羊,而被告上法庭时,他的表情居然是微笑的,还想与法庭上的人交流。我原本以为他胆子很大,很冷静。但是看到下面凯用涂了镇定剂的针射

黄自艺术歌曲钢琴伴奏及艺术成就

【摘要】黄自先生是我国杰出的音乐家,他以艺术歌曲的创作最为代表。而黄自先生特别强调了钢琴伴奏对于艺术歌曲组成的重要性。本文是以黄自先生创作的具有爱国主义和人道主义的艺术歌曲《天伦歌》为研究对象,通过对作品分析,归纳钢琴伴奏的弹奏方法与特点,并总结黄自先生的艺术成就与贡献。 【关键词】艺术歌曲;和声;伴奏织体;弹奏技巧 一、黄自艺术歌曲《天伦歌》的分析 (一)《天伦歌》的人文及创作背景。黄自的艺术歌曲《天伦歌》是一首具有教育意义和人道主义精神的作品。同时,它也具有民族性的特点。这首作品是根据联华公司的影片《天伦》而创作的主题曲,也是我国近代音乐史上第一首为电影谱写的艺术歌曲。作品创作于我国政治动荡、经济不稳定的30年代,这个时期,这种文化思潮冲击着我国各个领域,连音乐艺术领域也未幸免――以《毛毛雨》为代表的黄色歌曲流传广泛,对人民大众,尤其是青少年的不良影响极其深刻,黄自为此担忧,创作了大量艺术修养和文化水平较高的艺术歌曲。《天伦歌》就是在这样的历史背景下创作的,作品以孤儿失去亲人的苦痛为起点,发展到人民的发愤图强,最后升华到博爱、奋起的民族志向,对青少年的爱国主义教育有着重要的影响。 (二)《天伦歌》曲式与和声。《天伦歌》是并列三部曲式,为a+b+c,最后扩充并达到全曲的高潮。作品中引子和coda所使用的音乐材料相同,前后呼应,合头合尾。这首艺术歌曲结构规整,乐句进行的较为清晰,所使用的节拍韵律符合歌词的特点,如三连音紧密连接,为突出歌词中号召的力量等。 和声上,充分体现了中西方作曲技法融合的创作特性。使用了很多七和弦。其中,一部分是西方的和声,一部分是将我国传统的五声调式中的五个音纵向的结合,构成五声性和弦。与前两首作品相比,《天伦歌》的民族性因素增强,这也与它本身的歌词内容和要弘扬的爱国主义精神相对应。 (三)《天伦歌》的伴奏织体分析。《天伦歌》的前奏使用了a段进唱的旋律发展而来的,具有五声调性特点,增添了民族性的色彩。在作品的第10小节转调入近关系调,调性的转换使歌曲增添抒情的情绪。这时的伴奏加强和弦力度,采用切分节奏,节拍重音突出,与a段形成强弱的明显对比,突出悲壮情绪。 c段的伴奏采用进行曲的风格,右手以和弦为主,表现铿锵有力的进行。右手为上行进行,把全曲推向最高潮。左手仍以柱式和弦为主,保持节奏稳定。在作品的扩展乐段,左手的节拍低音上行与右手的八度和弦与音程对应,推动音乐朝向宏伟、壮丽的方向进行。coda 处,与引子材料相同,首尾呼应。 二、《天伦歌》实践研究 《天伦歌》是具有很强民族性因素的作品。所谓民族性,体现在所使用的五声性和声、传统歌词韵律以及歌曲段落发展等方面上。 作品的整个发展过程可以用伤感――悲壮――兴奋――宏达四个过程来表述。在钢琴伴奏弹奏的时候,要以演唱者的歌唱状态为中心,选择合适的伴奏音量、音色和音质来配合,做到对演唱者的演唱同步,并起到连接、补充、修饰等辅助作用。 作品分为三段,即a+b+c+扩充段落。第一段以五声音阶的进行为主,表现儿童失去父母的悲伤和痛苦,前奏进入时要弹奏的使用稍凄楚的音色,左手低音重复进行,在弹奏完第一个低音后,要迅速的找到下一个跨音区的音符;右手弹奏的要有棱角,在前奏结束的时候第四小节的t方向的延音处,要给演唱者留有准备。演唱者进入后,左手整体的踏板使用的要连贯。随着作品发展,伴奏与旋律声部出现轮唱的形式,要弹奏的流动性强,稍突出一些。后以mf力度出现的具有转调性质的琶音奏法,要弹奏的如流水般连贯。在重复段落,即“小

Unit7TheChaser课文翻译综合教程三

Unit 7 The Chaser John Henry Collier 1 Alan Austen, as nervous as a kitten, went up certain dark and creaky stairs in the neighborhood of Pell Street, and peered about for a long time on the dim hallway before he found the name he wanted written obscurely on one of the doors. 2 He pushed open this door, as he had been told to do, and found himself in a tiny room, which contained no furniture but a plain kitchen table, a rocking-chair, and an ordinary chair. On one of the dirty buff-coloured walls were a couple of shelves, containing in all perhaps a dozen bottles and jars. 3 An old man sat in the rocking-chair, reading a newspaper. Alan, without a word, handed him the card he had been given. “Sit down, Mr. Austen,” said the old man very politely. “I am glad to make your acquaintance.” 4 “Is it true,” asked Alan, “that you have a certain mixture that has … er … quite extraordinary effects?” 5 “My dear sir,” replied the old man, “my sto ck in trade is not very large — I don’t deal in laxatives and teething mixtures —but such as it is, it is varied. I think nothing I sell has effects which could be precisely described as ordinary.” 6 “Well, the fact is …” began Alan. 7 “Here, for example,” interrupted the old man, reaching for a bottle from the shelf. “Here is a liquid as colourless as water, almost tasteless, quite imperceptible in coffee, wine, or any other beverage. It is also quite imperceptible to any known method of autopsy.” 8 “Do you mean it is a poison?” cried Alan, very much horrified. 9 “Call it a glove-cleaner if you like,” said the old man indifferently. “Maybe it will clean gloves. I have never tried. One might call it a life-cleaner. Lives need cleaning sometimes.” 10 “I want nothing of that sort,” said Alan. 11 “Probably it is just as well,” said the old man. “Do you know the price of this? For one teaspoonful, which is sufficient, I ask five thousand dollars. Never less. Not a penny less.” 12 “I hope all your mixtures are not as expensive,” said Alan apprehensively.

最新Unit 1 A Class Act 课文翻译

Unit 1 1 A CLASS ACT 2 3 Florence Cartlidge 4 5 1. Growing up in bomb-blitzed Manchester during the Second World War 6 meant times were tough, money was short, anxiety was rife and the pawnshop was a familiar destination for many families, including mine. 7 8 9 2. Yet I could not have asked for more enterprising and optimistic 10 parents. They held our family together with hard work, dignity and 11 bucketloads of cheer. My sturdy and ingenious father could turn his hand 12 to almost anything and was never short of carpentry and handyman work. 13 He even participated in the odd bout of backstreet boxing to make ends 14 meet. For her part, our mum was thrifty and meticulously clean, and her 15 five children were always sent to school well fed, very clean, and attired 16 spotlessly, despite the hard conditions. 17 18 3. The trouble was, although my clothes were ironed to a knife-edge, 19 and shoes polished to a gleam, not every item was standard school uniform 20 issue. While Mum had scrimped and saved to obtain most of the gear, I 21 still didn’t have the pres cribed blue blazer and hatband. 22 23 4. Because of the war, rationing was in place and most schools had 24 relaxed their attitude towards proper uniforms, knowing how hard it was

我国艺术歌曲钢琴伴奏-精

我国艺术歌曲钢琴伴奏-精 2020-12-12 【关键字】传统、作风、整体、现代、快速、统一、发展、建立、了解、研究、特点、突出、关键、内涵、情绪、力量、地位、需要、氛围、重点、需求、特色、作用、结构、关系、增强、塑造、借鉴、把握、形成、丰富、满足、帮助、发挥、提高、内心 【摘要】艺术歌曲中,伴奏、旋律、诗歌三者是不可分割的重 要因素,它们三个共同构成一个统一体,伴奏声部与声乐演唱处于 同样的重要地位。形成了人声与器乐的巧妙的结合,即钢琴和歌唱 的二重奏。钢琴部分的音乐使歌曲紧密的联系起来,组成形象变化 丰富而且不中断的套曲,把音乐表达的淋漓尽致。 【关键词】艺术歌曲;钢琴伴奏;中国艺术歌曲 艺术歌曲中,钢琴伴奏不是简单、辅助的衬托,而是根据音乐 作品的内容为表现音乐形象的需要来进行创作的重要部分。准确了 解钢琴伴奏与艺术歌曲之间的关系,深层次地了解其钢琴伴奏的风 格特点,能帮助我们更为准确地把握钢琴伴奏在艺术歌曲中的作用 和地位,从而在演奏实践中为歌曲的演唱起到更好的烘托作用。 一、中国艺术歌曲与钢琴伴奏 “中西结合”是中国艺术歌曲中钢琴伴奏的主要特征之一,作 曲家们将西洋作曲技法同中国的传统文化相结合,从开始的借鉴古 典乐派和浪漫主义时期的创作风格,到尝试接近民族乐派及印象主 义乐派的风格,在融入中国风格的钢琴伴奏写作,都是对中国艺术 歌曲中钢琴写作技法的进一步尝试和提高。也为后来的艺术歌曲写 作提供了更多宝贵的经验,在长期发展中,我国艺术歌曲的钢琴伴 奏也逐渐呈现出多姿多彩的音乐风格和特色。中国艺术歌曲的钢琴

写作中,不可忽略的是钢琴伴奏织体的作用,因此作曲家们通常都以丰富的伴奏织体来烘托歌曲的意境,铺垫音乐背景,增强音乐感染力。和声织体,复调织体都在许多作品中使用,较为常见的是综合织体。这些不同的伴奏织体的歌曲,极大限度的发挥了钢琴的艺术表现力,起到了渲染歌曲氛围,揭示内心情感,塑造歌曲背景的重要作用。钢琴伴奏成为整体乐思不可缺少的部分。优秀的钢琴伴奏织体,对发掘歌曲内涵,表现音乐形象,构架诗词与音乐之间的桥梁等方面具有很大的意义。在不断发展和探索中,也将许多伴奏织体使用得非常娴熟精确。 二、青主艺术歌曲《我住长江头》中钢琴伴奏的特点 《我住长江头》原词模仿民歌风格,抒写一个女子怀念其爱人的深情。青主以清新悠远的音乐体现了原词的意境,而又别有寄寓。歌调悠长,但有别于民间的山歌小曲;句尾经常出现下行或向上的拖腔,听起来更接近于吟哦古诗的意味,却又比吟诗更具激情。钢琴伴奏以江水般流动的音型贯穿全曲,衬托着气息宽广的歌唱,象征着绵绵不断的情思。由于运用了自然调式的旋律与和声,显得自由舒畅,富于浪漫气息,并具有民族风味。最有新意的是,歌曲突破了“卜算子”词牌双调上、下两阕一般应取平行反复结构的惯例,而把下阕单独反复了三次,并且一次比一次激动,最后在全曲的高音区以ff结束。这样的处理突出了思念之情的真切和执著,并具有单纯的情歌所没有的昂奋力量。这是因为作者当年是大革命的参加者,正被反动派通缉,才不得不以破格的音乐处理,假借古代的

Unit7TheChaser练习的答案解析综合教程三

Unit 7 The Chaser Key to the Exercises Text comprehension I. Decide which of the following is likely to happen after the story. C II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1. F (Refer to Paragraph 5. The old man says that his stock in trade is not very large, but it is varied and has extraordinary effects.) 2. F (Refer to Paragraphs 11 and 1 3. The price of a glove-cleaner, as he calls it, is very high, five thousand dollars for a teaspoonful, but the love potion is very cheap.) 3. F (Refer to Paragraph 19. The old man claims that the effects of love potions are permanent.) 4. T (Refer to Paragraphs 24 and 28. Austen says that Diana is fond of parties and, although she is everything to him already, she does not care about his love at all. That is why he decides to go to the old man for the love potion and whenever the old man mentions the magic of his potion, he can't help "crying." From that, we can see the man loves the girl very much.) 5. F (The old man sells the love potions almost for nothing because by doing so his customers will come back for a much dearer commodity, the glove-cleaner, to help them out. It is the "death potion" that the old man makes most of his profits from, and intends to sell to his customers.) III. Answer the following questions. 1. What the old man means is that a young man who falls in love one-sidedly is seldom rich enough to win a girl's heart. His words imply that money is one of the crucial factors for love. If a man is not rich, he can rarely expect to be loved by a girl. 2. Refer to Paragraphs 19 to 37. The love potion has powerful, everlasting effects. To begin with, it may produce sexual desire in the person who takes it. And on the spiritual side, it can replace indifference with devotion and scorn with adoration. It will make a gay girl want nothing but solitude and her lover's company. She will feel jealous of him when her lover is with other girls; she will want to be everything to him. She will be only interested in her lover and take every concern of him. Even if he slips a bit, she will forgive him though terribly hurt. In a word, she will fall in love with him if she drinks the love potion. 3. Refer to Paragraphs 39 to 43. It is an irony, by which the author seems to imply that love is far from being precious or desirable. It is easy for a man to fall in love, yet it is hard

相关文档