新世纪 基础英语综合教程2 unit 2

Unit 2 T he Virtues of Growing Older

Section One Pre-reading A ctiv ities

I. Audiov isual supplement

Watch the video and answer the following questions. 1. What’s wrong with the young boy?

2. Can you imagine the life of growing younger?

Answers to the Question:

1. He is not like normal people. He is not growing older, but growing you nger.

2. Open.

Video Script:

Daisy: Do you remember me? I’m Daisy.

Benjamin: I’m Benjamin.

Daisy: It’s nice to meet you, Benjamin. W ould you mind if I sit with you? I would love to hear you play.

Benjamin: Do I know you?

Voiceov er: And every day, I would stop b y to make sure that he was comfortable.

Benjamin: No, I didn’t.

Nurse: Y ou just finished eating.

Benjamin: Don’t think I don’t know what you’re doing! Y ou’re all fucking liars!

Nurse: He d oesn’t believe he just had his breakfast.

Daisy: Now, why don’t we see if we can’t find something else for you to d o?

Benjamin: I have a feeling there’s a lot of things I can’t remember.

Daisy: W ell, like what, sugar?

Benjamin: It’s like there’s this whole life I had, and I can’t remember what it was.

Daisy: It’s okay. It’s okay to forget things.

Voiceov er: Many times, he would simply forget who or where he was.

Nurse: There he is. He’s up there on the roof.

Voiceov er: It wasn’t easy.

Daisy: Benjamin!

Benjamin: I can see everything! I can see the big river!

Daisy: That’s right. Y ou can see everything, sweetheart.

Benjamin: I can see the graveyard where Mama’s buried, and all those other people.

Daisy: I want you to come d own!

Benjamin: What if I could fly?

Daisy: I knew a man who could fly. You come down, and I’ll tell you all abou t him.

II. Cultural information

1. Quote

Nobod y grows old merely by living a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Y ears may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.

—Samuel Ullman

2. Growing Pains

Growing Pains is an American television sitcom abou t an upper-middle class family with a working mother and a stay-at-home psychiatrist father raising three children together, which aired on ABC from 1985 to 1992. The show’s premise is based on the fictional Seaver family, who reside in Hunting ton, Long Island, New York. Dr. Jason Seaver (Alan Thicke), a psychiatrist, works from home because his wife, Maggie Malone (Joanna Kerns), has gone back to work as a reporter. Jason has to take care of the kids: troublemaker Mike (Kirk Cameron), honors student Carol (Tracey Gold), and rambunctious Ben (Jeremy

Miller). A fourth child, Chrissy Seaver, was born in 1988.

Section T wo Global Reading

I. Main idea

This piece of writing is an attempt to subvert the “traditional” view and convince the reader that growing older is not necessarily that dreadful. The author points ou t a number of ad vantages

of g rowing older. These advantages are enumerated on the basis of the experiences of her brother and her own. By means of contrast (being young and being old) the author reveals true happiness and contentment in old age, which have often been overlooked.

II. Structural analysis

1. Divide the text into parts by completing the table.

2. What techniques does the author adopt to present the ad vantages of g rowing older?

The au thor illustrates them with examples and by contrast (being young and being old).

Section T hree Detailed Reading

T ext I

The Virtues of Growing Older

Carol Siskin

1Our society worships youth. A dvertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair.1 Middle-aged folks work out in gyms a nd jog down the s treet, trying to delay the eff ects of aging.

2Wouldn’t any person over thirty gladly sign with the devil just to be young again?2 Is n’t aging an experience to be dreaded? Perhaps it is un-American to say so, but I believe the answer is “No.” Being young is of ten pleasant, but being older has distinct advantages.

3When young, you are apt to be obsessed with your appearance.3When my brother Dave and I were teens, we worked feverishly to perf ect the bodies we had. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins4, and drank a half-doz en milk shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal. And as a teenager, I dieted constantly. No matter what I weighed, though, I was never satisfied with the way I looked. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big. When Dave a nd I were young, we begged and pleaded for the “right” clothes. If our par ents didn’t get them for us, we felt our world would fall a part.5 How could we go to school wearing loose-fitting blaz ers when everyone else would be wearing smartly tailored leather jackets? We would be considered freaks. I of ten wonder how my parents, and parents in general, manage to tolerate their children during the adolescent years. Now, however, Dave a nd I are beyond s uch adolescent agonies. My rounded figure seems fine, a nd I don’t deny myself a slice of pecan pie if I feel in the mood. Dave still works out, but he has actually become fond of his tall, lanky frame. The two of us enjoy wearing f ashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to s tyle6. And women, I’m embarrassed to admit, e ven more than men, have always seemed to be at the mercy of f ashion7. Now my clothes are attractive yet easy to wear. We no longer feel anxious a bout what others will think. A s long a s we feel good about how we l ook, we are happy.

4Being older is preferable to being younger in another way. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my lif e, but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out.8 I chose the man I wanted to marry. I decided to have children. I elected to return to college to complete my education. But when you are young, major decisions await you at every turn. “What college should I attend? What career should I pursue? Should I have

children?” These are just a f ew of the issues facing young people. It’s no wonder that, despite their carefree f a?ade, they are often c onf used, uncertain, a nd troubled by a ll the unknowns in t heir future.

5But the greatest benefit of being forty is knowing who I am. The most unsettling aspect of youth is the uncertainty you feel about your values, goals, and dreams. Being young means wondering what is worth working for. Being young means f eeling happy with yourself one day and wishing you were never born the next. It means trying on new selves by taking up with diff erent crowds.9 It means resenting your parents and their way of lif e one minute and then feeling you will never be as good or as accomplished as they are. By way of contrast, forty is sanity. I have a surer self-identity now. I don’t laugh at jokes I don’t think funny. I can make a speech in front of a town meeting or complain in a store because I a m no longer terrified that people will laugh at me; I am no longer anxious that everyone must like me. I no longer blame my parents for m y every personality quirk or keep a running score of everything they did wrong raising me. Life has taught me that I, not they, am responsible for who I a m. W e are a ll human beings — neither s aints nor devils.

6Most Americans blindly accept the idea that newer is automatically better. But a human life contradicts this premise.

There is a great deal of happiness to be found as we grow older. My own parents, now in their sixties, recently told me that they are happier now than they have ever been. They would not want to be my a ge. Did this s urprise me? At first, yes.

Then it gladdened me. Their c ontentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next — perhaps e ven better—phase of my lif e.10

Paragraphs 1-2

Questions

1. Why do people want to hide their gray hair and delay the effects of aging? (Para. 1)

They worship youth and are afraid of g rowing older, so they try every means to look young.

2. What does the writer mean when she says “it is un-American to say so” in Para. 2?(Para. 2)

She means these questions seem contrary to the values commonly held by most Americans. And the American people would do anything possible to delay aging.

3. Does the writer deny the virtues of being you ng? (Para. 2)

No, she d oes not. The writer ad mits the virtues of being you ng, bu t what she really wants to talk abou t is the advantages of growing older, which will be discussed in the subsequent parag raphs. So the last sentence is b oth thematic and transitional. Words and E xpressions

1. aging n. the process of becoming old

e.g. People want to figure ou t whether d oing sports can influence aging in the b ody.

Comparison:

elderly a. a polite word meaning old

e.g. The building has now been converted into a retirement home for the elderly.

senior citizen a polite expression meaning old people

2. dread vt. feel g reat fear or anxiety abou t

e.g. The little girl dreads sleeping alone.

The staff in this company d read to think what will happen if the financial crisis comes.

Derivation:

dreadful a.

Synonym:

fear, frighten

3. distinct a. noticeable, unmistakable

e.g. The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh.

Collocation:

distinct from sth. different in kind; separate

e.g.Mozart’s style is quite distinct from Haydn’s.

Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science.

天文学是一门严谨的科学，与占星术完全不同。

Derivation:

distinction n.

distinctly ad.

Activ ity: Discussion

Do you dread aging? Why? Can you imagine what you will become when you are old? What distinct characteristics will you have?

Sentences

1. Ad vertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair. (Paragraph 1) Explanation: Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay: Grecian Formula is a popular men’s hair coloring product in the United States, first introduced in 1961 and is still made. One of its main features is that it works gradually so the color change is not noticeable as with d ye products. Olay originated in South Africa as Oil of Olay. It was known as Oil of Olay until 1999 in Sou th Africa and North America, and Oil of Ulay in the United Kingdom. It is a brand based around facial moisturizer and skin care products. It claims to have the effect of helping people to stay looking young.

Translation: 广告使我们相信，只要购买了希腊处方染发剂和玉兰油就能使我们青春永驻。

3. gladly sign with the devil just to be young again (Paragraph 2)

Explanation: Literally, the phrase means to sign a contract with the devil, so that the devil would help you become you ng again in exchange for your soul. In the text the phrase is metaphorically used to mean be willing to do anything (even bad) to become you ng again.

Paragraph 3

Questions

1. According to the writer, what is the first advantage of growing older? (Paragraph 3)

Not being obsessed with one’s appearance.

2. Why are adolescents apt to be obsessed with their appearances? (Paragraph 3)

Because they feel anxious ab ou t what others will think.

Words and E xpressions

4. be obsessed with have an unreasonably strong and continuous interest in particular things or persons

e.g. The new president was obsessed with the thought of being watched.

新主席总觉得受人监视而心神不宁。

Derivation:

obsession n.

obsessive a.

T ranslation:

她童年时一直害怕父母离异。

The fear of her parents’ divorce obsessed her throughout her child hood.

Synonym:

preoccupy, haunt

5. perfect vt. make sth. perfect

e.g. Nowadays, more and more foreigners come to China to perfect their C hinese.

Derivation:

perfection n.

perfectible a.

Comparison:

improv e vt. cause sth. to become better

refine vt. improve sth. by removing defects and attending to details

6. turn into change completely and become sth. else

e.g. After years’ d evelopment, Shenzhen, which used to be a small village, has tu rned into an international metropolis. Synonym:

change into, become

Comparison:

turn against sb. 与某人反目成仇

turn sth inside ou t 把里面翻作外面

turn (sb. / sth.) over （使某人/某物）翻身或翻转

7. diet

vi. eat less in order to lose weight

e.g. The doctor told the patient to diet and take some exercise.

n. the type of food that a person regularly eats

e.g. Exercise and a well-balanced diet keeps you fit and healthy.

Collocation:

a diet of sth. so much of sth. that you feel boring or unpleasant

e.g. a constant diet of soap operas on TV多得令人腻烦的电视连续剧

8. be satisfied with feel pleased because you have what you want or because things have happened in the way that you hoped

e.g. The CEO of this company is not satisfied with the volume of business.

Comparison:

satisfactory a. a word for describing a result, situation, etc., that makes one feel satisfied because it is what one was hoping for e.g. The score of her TOFEL was satisfactory.

satisfying a. a word for describing a job, activity, or experience that makes one satisfied because one enjoys doing it and results are often very good

e.g. There’s something very satisfying abou t making explorations.

Synonym:

gratify, content

9. plead vi. make an urgent, emotional statement or request for sth.

e.g. The little girl pleaded with her parents not to leave her in her uncle’s home.

The criminal pleaded to see his wife once more.

Comparison:

beg vi. ask sb. very strongly in a way that makes one feel ashamed or makes other people lose respect for him

e.g. The unfilial son begged mercy of his mother.

Collocation:

plead with sb. for sth. make repeated urgent requests to sb. for sth.

10. tolerate vt. be willing to accept sth. unpleasant or difficult, even though one does not like it or

approve it

e.g. As newcomers, they had to tolerate the awful weather and the tough living conditions.

Comparison:

stand vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation

endure vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation for a long time

bear vt. accept or be forced to accept an unpleasant situation that makes one angry, sad, or upset

put up with accept or be forced to accept an annoying situation or u npleasant behavior as

part of one’s daily life

Derivation:

tolerant a.

toleration n.

11. beyond prep.ou tside the range or limit of

e.g. Dealing with such a troublesome problem is beyond my capability.

The radio is beyond repair.

这台收音机已经不能修理了。

Collocation:

be beyond sb. be impossible for sb. to imagine, u nderstand or calculate

e.g. It’s beyond me why she wants to marry Burton.

我不明白她为什么想嫁给伯顿。

Antonym:

within

12. agony n. extreme mental or physical pain or suffering

e.g. The mother was in an agony of losing five sons in the war.

He suffered agonies of remorse.

他饱受悔恨的煎熬。

Derivation:

agonize v.

agonizing a.

agonizingly ad.

Synonym:

distress, anguish

13. deny oneself not do sth. that one enjoys doing or have sth. one desires to have, because he thinks that will be good for him

e.g. He denied himself all small pleasures and lu xuries in his effort to live a holy life.

Comparison:

do without be able to manage withou t sth. one really wants to have

e.g. No one can do withou t drinking water for a long time.

T ranslation:

为了省钱给女儿治病，他戒烟了。

In order to save money for his daughter’s medical treatment, he denied himself smoking.

Activ ity：

Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form.

1.Mozart’s _______ with piano started when he was a baby. (obsession)

2.The shy girl in former days has _________ a pretty lady. (turned into)

3.The _______ toothache tortured me a whole night. (agonizing)

4.Seeing the interesting toys from the wind ow, the little b oy _____ with his mother for buying some back home. (pleaded)

5.Shakespeare’s wife had nothing _____ Shakespeare’s second best bed. (beyond)

6.Her parents’ marriage portion really _____ h er. (satisfied)

7.He moved to his grandfather’s home so as to _______ his Latin. (perfect)

8.The headmaster _______ those naughty students’ behavior. (tolerated)

9.The nu rse says Richard has got to g o on a _____. (diet)

10.In order to find an expected job, she ________ all the entertainments in her internship. ( denied herself)

Sentences

4. megad oses of vitamins (Paragraph 3)

Explanation: very large d oses of vitamins

5. If our parents didn’t get them for us, we felt our world would fall apart. (Paragraph 3)

Translation: 如果父母不给我们买我们想要的衣服，我们就觉得世界末日到了。

6. we are no longer slaves to style (Paragraph 3)

Explanation: we no longer follow the fashion blindly

7. at the mercy of fashion (Paragraph 3)

E xplanation: completely controlled by fashion

Paragraph 4

Questions

1. Is it accurate to say that older people are totally free from uncertainty? (Paragraph 4)

No, because they still have important choices to make. However, they have alread y made the major ones, while young people will meet theirs at every turn.

2. What is the m eaning of “at every turn”? (Paragraph 4)

The phrase means “on every occasion”.

Words and E xpressions

14. preferable a. more desirable or suitable

e.g. For me, teamwork is preferable to single action.

Synonym:

better, superior

Antonym:

inferior

Derivation:

preferably ad.

preference n.

15. critical a. extremely important, crucial

e.g. Facing the enemy’s invasion,the nation is at a critical time in history.

This d ocument is critical for all the citizens living in this area.

Antonym:

insignificant, uncritical

Derivation:

critically ad.

criticize v.

criticism n.

16. confront vt. deal with sth. in a brave and determined way; bring face to face

e.g. The problems confronting us are knotty.

C onfronted by a black bear, the hunter retreated.

Synonym:

oppose, encounter

confrontation

17. await vt. wait for

e.g. A large party awaited him on his birthday.

A big decision awaits him to make.

Synonym:

be ready for, wait for

T ranslation:

对于这个罪犯而言，等待他的将是法律的严惩。

For this criminal, severe punishment of the law awaits him.

18. carefree a. cheerful and without worries

e.g. Our childhood, those carefree days have g one for ever.

Synonym:

lig hthearted, untroubled

Collocation：

keep a peaceful and carefree mind悠闲自在

19. unknown n. an u nknown person or thing

e.g. I wish to have a journey into the u nknown so that I can be oblivious of mysel

f.

Recently I always see an unknown appearing in my neig hbor’s garden.

Antonym:

celebrity

Collocation：

content u nknown

identity unknown

Activ ity: Story-telling

Do you still remember those carefree days in your childhood? Did you have any critical time in the childhood? What meaningful things did you confront? What things were preferable for you to d o at that time? Try to tell your classmates some of your interesting child hood stories.

Sentences

8. … but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting ou t. (Paragraph 4) Translation: 但是当刚刚踏入社会的年轻人在为生活中的每个重要决策感到焦头烂额之时，我已经做过很多重要的决断。Paragraph 5

Questions

1. What is the meaning of “wishing you were never born the next”? (Paragraph 5)

It is related with the first half of the sentence and the complete structure is “feeling happy with yourself one day and wishing you were never born the next day (because yo u feel so miserable).”

2. Try to explain the phrase “keep a running score of everything they did wrong raising me.” (Paragraph 5)

It means “constantly remind myself of all the unhappy things that my parents did to me in the process of raising me.” Here “score” means “record.”

Words and E xpressions

20. benefit n. anything that brings help, advantage, profit

e.g. All the 11 countries get benefit from China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.

Derivation:

beneficial a.

Synonym:

profit, ad vantage

21. worth a. deserving of

e.g. The football game between England and Germany is worth watching.

The scheme is well worth a try.

这个计划倒值得一试。

Collocation:

not worth a straw worthless

worth its weight in gold extremely helpful, useful, etc; invaluable

T ranslation:

他觉得他的生命已经没有继续下去的意义了。

He felt that his life was not worth a straw to continue.

22. sanity n. the state of being mentally healthy; the ability to think and behave normally and reasonably

e.g. His story was so extraordinary that we began to doub t his sanity.

The president’s sanity in investing huge amounts of money in g old mines was questioned.

Synonym:

reasonableness, rationality

Antonym:

insanity

Derivation:

sane a.

sanely ad.

23. make a speech speak formally to a group of listeners

e.g.Jack’s friend pleaded with him for making a speech at a wedding reception.

Synonym:

give a lectu re, lecture

Comparison:

make a face 做鬼脸

make a fortune 发大财

make a fool of oneself / sb. 使自己/某人出丑

24. quirk n.a strange or unusual habit or part of sb.’s cha racter

e.g. One of her quirks is that she is always doub tful ab out being watched by somebod y.

Many scientists have quirks in their life or work.

Synonym:

oddity, eccentricity

T ranslation:

他很怪，把自己的妻子称作史密斯夫人。

He had a strange quirk of addressing his wife Mrs. Smith.

Sentences

9. It means trying on new selves by taking up with different crowds. (Paragraph 5)

Explanation: It means trying behaving differently from their usual selves by associating with different people. Paragraph 6

Questions

1. What evidence does the writer cite to back her view in this paragraph? (Paragraph 6)

Her parents’ example.

2. What does “this premise” refer to? (Parag raph 6)

It refers to “newer is au tomatically better.”

Words and E xpressions

25. contradict vt. be opposite in nature to

e.g. The docu ment contradicts what we heard in the conference last week.

Synonym:

oppose, disagree

Derivation:

contradictory a.

contradiction n.

26. phase n. stage of development

e.g. Usually, spring is a significant phase of a lot of illness.

C hildhood is an enlightening phase for a child.

Synonym:

stage, period

Collocation:

in phase being in the same state at the same time

out of phase not being in the same state at the same time

e.g. The two subsidiary corporations’ operation s were out of phase so that the headquarters could not handle the problems timely.

这两个子公司的业务活动不同步，总部因而没能及时地解决一些问题。

Sentences

10. Their contentment holds ou t great promise for me as I move into the next — perhaps even better —phase of my life. (Parag raph 6)

Explanation: Their contentment makes me believe that I’ll be as happy as they are when I am their age.

Translation: 在我迈向生命的下一个阶段，或许是更好的一个时期时，我父母的幸福感给我提供了这样一个保证：我也许会幸福的。

Section Four Consolidation Activities

I . V ocabulary Analysis

1 Phrase practice

1. be apt to be likely to 易于……，有……的倾向

e.g. Infants are apt to pu t their hands into their mou ths. 婴儿爱把手往嘴里塞。

2. in general as a whole 通常，大体上；总的来说，从总体上看

e.g. In general, this company’s products are very reliable. 这家公司的产品通常是很可靠的。

In general, this paper is a bit difficult for these students to finish in an hour. 总的来说，让学生在一个小时内完成这份试卷有些困难。

3. at the mercy of powerless against; completely controlled b y 对……无能为力；任……处置，任由……摆布

e.g. Some people are b orn with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. 有些

人天生相信自己是生命的主宰，另一些人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。

I don’t want to pu t myself at the mercy of others. 我不希望任由他人摆布。

4. no wonder not surprising / only too natural 不足为奇，并不奇怪

e.g. It is no wonder that it is so wet in the sou th. 南方这么潮湿，并不奇怪。

No wonder you’re so tired, you’ve worked three hou rs withou t a break. 难怪你这么累，你已经连续工作了三个小时。

It is no wonder that he failed his final exam. 他没能通过期末考试，这是不足为怪的。

2 Word derivation

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the giv en words.

1. She has got this obsessive (obsess) fear of losing control, so she never shows her emotions.

2. People under a lot of stress at work will often experience moodiness (mood), irritability and a loss of confidence.

3. They wanted a tolerable (tolerate) existence — more food, better shelter, and peace.

4. In the end, the company and its investors came to a mu tually beneficial (benefit) arrangement.

5. W orking with the mentally handicapped can be a satisfying (satisfy) and rewarding experience.

6. Frogs can search for food underwater, hidden (hide) from birds of prey.

7. When I asked her abou t where she wanted the meeting to be held, she didn’t express any particular preference (prefer).

8. The committee has made four specific criticisms (critical) of the government’s transportation policy.

1.obsess v. （使）牵挂，（使）惦念，（使）着迷

obsessed a. 着迷的

obsession n. 困扰，沉迷，着魔

obsessive a. 着迷的，强迫性的，分神的

e.g.爱丽丝被一个她刚刚认识的男孩迷住了。

Alice was obsessed by a boy she has just met.

他一直想要找到他的父亲，但是最近这变成了一种狂热。

He’s always wanted to find his father bu t recently it’s become an obsession.

2.mood n. 心情，情绪

moody a. 易怒的，喜怒无常的，情绪化的

moodiness n. 忧郁

e.g. 我每个星期日情绪都很坏。

I am always in a bad mood on Sunday.

我的妻子在医院里心情不好。

My wife is moody at the hospital.

3.tolerate v. 容忍，忍受

tolerable a. 可容忍的

tolerant a. 宽容的，容忍的

e.g.她能忍受寒冷的天气。

She can tolerate the cold days.

这种炎热的天气在夜晚可以忍受。

The heat was tolerable at nig ht.

4.benefit n. 利益；津贴

beneficial a. 有益的，有利的

beneficiary n. 受惠者，受益人

e.g. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。

This project is of great benefit to everyone.

新鲜空气有益于健康。

Fresh air is beneficial to our health.

她的丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人。

Her husband is the chief beneficiary of her will.

5.satisfy v. 使满意，满足

satisfaction n. 满意

satisfactory a. 令人满意的

e.g.观赏一幅美丽的图画使人心满意足。

Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction.

她对现状根本不满意。

She is not at all satisfied with the present situation.

6.hide v. 隐藏，隐瞒

hiding n. 隐藏，躲藏

hidden a. 隐藏的，秘密的

e.g. 她设法不表露自己的感情。

She tried to hide her feelings.

警察正在追赶藏匿起来的杀人犯。

The police are following a mu rderer who’s in hiding.

7.prefer v. 较喜欢；宁可

preferable a. 更好的，更合意的

preference n. 偏爱，优先，喜爱物

preferential a. 优先的；优惠的

e.g. 我更喜欢牛奶，而不是咖啡.

I prefer milk to coffee.

我父亲感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些。

My father finds country life preferable to living in the city.

对于求职者，我们优先考虑有一定经验的人。

In considering people for jobs, we give preference to those with some experience.

8.critical a. 批评的；决定性的，关键的

critic n. 批评家，评论家

criticism n. 批评，评论

criticize v. 批评；非难

e.g.他的行为招致尖锐的批评。

His behavior called forth sharp criticism.

他批评了我的冒险活动。

He criticized my taking risks.

III. T ranslation exercises

1.如今很多爱慕虚荣的年轻人，尽管还不富裕，但却已经迷上了漂亮的小汽车。（vain, be obsessed with）

T ranslation:

Many vain you ng people are obsessed with fancy cars despite the fact that they are not yet rich enough to afford them. Practice:

被工作迷了心窍的人和酒鬼、吸毒者或惯赌都一样瘾头很大。

The man who is obsessed with his job is just as hooked as the alcoholic, the ju nkie, or the compulsive gambler.

你们这一代可能会因为感情关系的频繁变化而产生困扰。

Your generation may seem to be obsessed with relationships that change continually.

2.地震切断了这个城市和外界的联系，人们的食品也许捱不过冬天了。（hold out）

T ranslation:

The earthquake isolated this city from other areas. I’m afraid their food supplies will not hold out through the winter.

Practice:

如果供给品充裕的话，我们将在此继续露营一个星期。

If our su pplies hold out, we will camp here for another week.

那位飞行员说，因为缺乏燃料，他只能再坚持一小时，然后就不得不把飞机降落在水面上。

The pilot said he could hold out for another hour before he would have to ditch the plane because of lack of fuel.

3.她最近和一个足以做她父亲的老头好上了，这使她父母感到非常丢脸。（take u p with）

T ranslation:

She’s taken up with a man old enough to be her father, which is a disgrace to her parents.

Practice:

她的父母很不明白她为什么会和一个失业的男演员交往。

Her parents could not understand why she had taken up with an unemployed actor.

有名望有权势的男人似乎对“保姆型”的女人情有独钟，如秘书、助手和乘务员等等。

Powerful men seem to take up with the young women whose job was to tend to them and care for them in some way: their secretaries, assistants, flight attendants, etc.

4. 1978年以来，我国经济发展迅速，相比之下，一些发达国家反而滑坡了。（witness）

T ranslation:

Since 1978, our economy has witnessed a rapid development; in contrast that of some developed countries have declined. Practice:

谢谢你和我分享中国的故事，我会再来中国见证她的变化。

Thanks for talking and sharing C hina’s story with me. I will return to C hina and witness all its happenings.

“十一”之前我肯定能回到中国，我个人也愿意见证中国的欢腾时刻。

I am sure to come back to China before October 1st. Personally I would like to witness the important gala of China.

新标准大学英语综合教程2课文翻译U2R2

How empathy unfolds 同感是怎样表露的 1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a oneyear-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can

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K e y s U n i t Vocabulary I. event 2. refill their hearts and minds with their cultural traditions 6. The reason he resigned is still unknown. 7. I remember the morning he first came to school. 8. I 'll never forget the day we first met. III. more formal f less formal: 2, 3, 1; 4, 6, 5. IV. 1. When Mrs. Brown arrived home, she found that her flat had been robbed and all her silver had been taken. Enquires were made by the police to find out possible clues. The burglar hasn 't been caught yet but he is expected to be arrested before long. 3. the American beliefs, values and loyalties 4. true demonstration of what happened 5. brief experience or idea 6. live in the way of II. 1. took pride in 2. was immersed in with 4. h ad … been exposed to 5. in his mind of 7. convey … to III. 1. fluency obtainable 5. personification promptly 8. turned 2. enrollment 3. resonating …to 3. ' s eye 4. 6. enlightenment 7. globalization 8. IV. C, B, A, C, C, D, D, C V. 1. education instruction, accessible 3. tale, story 5. begin, start, commence 7. comfort, relaxation, ease VI. 1. literature 5. quickly Grammar I. 1. why 5. where illumination 2. 6. a glimpse available, attainable, 2. joined 6. has 2. where 6. where 4. harmless, auspicious 6. tackle, face, handle 8. immigrate 3. motionless 4. more than 3. when 7. why 4. where 8. when II. 1. Sam knows where we are meeting. 2. / 3. Four o ' clock in the afternoon is the time he always reads. /Four in the afternoon is when he always reads. 4. /

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2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable (9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently 3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to (4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else (10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth (II)Increasing Your Word Power 1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d 2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very 3. 4.No Mistake especial→ especially

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新世纪大学英语系列教程第2版综合教程 课后题答案

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全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文及翻译

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