四级写作要点

四级写作注意要点

I. Diction

Prefer the familiar word to the far-fetched word

The concrete/specific/imitative word to the abstract/general word

General

In spring the weather in Beijing can be very bad and nasty.

Specific

It is often windy and dusty in Beijing in spring.

The wind is blowing hard through the woods. ---The wind is roaring through the woods.

You can almost hear the clatter of horses’ hoofs on the narrow streets, the cries of children and the laughter of the shopkeepers.

II. The comma fault

It was raining hard,they could not work in the field.(incorrect)

It was raining so hard that they could not work in the field.

It was raining hard;they could not work in the field.

Because it was raining hard,they could not work in the field.

It was raining hard,so they could not work in the field.

As it was raining hard,they could not work in the field.

III. Effective sentences

The subject and predicate

他很高。

He is very tall.

东方红。

The east is red.

重庆经常下雨。

Chongqing often rains.(incorrect)

It often rains in Chongqing

炒菜请上楼，包子往里走。

.

(选准词，注意标点，分清主谓，分清主从)

Sentence coherence

A). The position of adverbs and adverbial phrases

1.Try to put adverbs and adverbial phrases in the front position of a sentence so as to be coherent, but if the adverbial phrase is too long and the

subject-and-predicate element is too short; it is better to put the adverbial phrases in a back position of a sentence.

https://www.docsj.com/doc/f79117050.html,e more adverbs as connected words of a sentence.

B).Use parallel construction for parallel ideas.

Conjunctions such as “and”, “but”, “nor...”,“both...and”, “either...or...”, “neither...nor ...”, “whether...or...”, “not...but...”,“not only...but also...”should be paralleled in form. In other words, nouns should be paralleled with nouns, verbs should be parallel with verbs, propositional phrase should be paralleled with prepositional phrase, subordinate clause should be paralleled with subordinate clause, and bra bra bra.

e.g.

March winds and April showers bring forth May flowers.

Faulty: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.

A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.

C).Repetition of certain words Faulty:He likes to sing,to swim and table-tennis.

He likes to sing, to swim and to play table-tennis.

He likes singing, swimming and playing table-tennis.

Faulty: We thought he was charming, intelligent and a very capable young man.

:We thought he was a charming, intelligent and very capable young man.

:We thought he was charming, intelligent and very capable.

E). Pronoun Reference

A pronoun must refer unmistakably to its antecedent. We should avoid:

A. ambiguous reference Ambiguous:

She told my sister that she was wrong.

She admitted that she was wrong and said to my sister.

B:Remote reference

My credit cards got me into debt, so I burnt it.(them)

C. Implied Antecedent

obscure:

He was knocked down by a bicycle but was not serious.

Clear:

He was knocked down by a bicycle but was not seriously hurt.

F).misplaced modifier

Confusing:

Nanjing University has many well- known professors at home and abroad. Clear:

Nanjing University has many professors well- known at home and abroad.

Confusing:

Every six hours, the doctor told me to take a pill.

Clear:

The doctor told me to take a pill every six hours.

Only lin told me about the accident today.

G). Conciseness

Using words like spending gold. Wordy:

In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.

Concise:

In my opinion, your plan is feasible.

I think your plan is feasible.

There is a Xiao Wang comes to see you.

There is a Xiao Wang who comes to see you.

Avoid the following phrases: advance forward, proceed forward, progress forward

return back, revert back, repeat again sufficient enough, compete together, join together, new innovation, same identical, time when, place where...

H). Long and short sentences

Short sentence: emphatic; excitement;

rapid movement

Long sentence: minute description;

complex idea with precision

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catalogue 目录 deposit money in a bank 存钱 dining hall 食堂 dormitory 宿舍

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