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Unit 19Language重点单词短语句型及练习(含答案)

Unit  19Language重点单词短语句型及练习(含答案)
Unit  19Language重点单词短语句型及练习(含答案)

Unit 19Language

分类记单词?填准记牢·快速掌握

写作词汇——写一写

1.theory n.理论;学说

2.adequate adj. 足够的,充分的

3.trend n. 趋势,倾向

4.ensure v t. 确保,保证

5.enlarge v t. 扩大

6.inform v t. 告知;通知

7.accelerate v i.&v t. 加速

8.unconscious adj. 无意的;不知不觉的

9.purchase v t. 购买

10.candidate n. 候选人

11.regulation n. 规则

12.sincerely ad v. 真诚地

13.target n. 目标

14.guarantee v t. 保证

拓展词汇——记一记

1.thrill v.使兴奋→thrilling adj.令人兴奋的→thrilled adj.兴奋的

2.accuracy n.精确度,准确度→accurate adj.精确的,准确的→accurately ad v.精确地3.absence n.缺乏;缺席→absent adj.缺席的,不在场的

4.attain v t.达到;获得→attainable adj.获得的

5.adjust v t.调节;调整→adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的→adjustment n.调整;适应

6.congratulate v t.祝贺→congratulation n.祝贺

7.resemble v t.像;与……相似→resemblance n.类似;相似

8.negotiate v t.协商;谈判→negotiation n.协商;谈判

9.approval n.赞成;赞许;批准→approve v.赞成;赞许;批准

10.applicant n.申请人→apply v.申请;适用→application n.申请

11.embarrass v t.使窘迫→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的;令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.感到难堪的;感到窘迫的→embarrassment n.难堪;窘迫

12.fluency n.流畅度,流利度→fluent adj.流畅的

13.surround v t.包围,围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n.环境

◎语境应用[用所给词的适当形式填空]

1.The manager required that he should be informed of any useful information (inform).2.You can adjust the desks and chairs to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)

3.When he woke up,he found himself surrounded by a group of nurses and doctors,and the surroundings were not pleasant.(surround)

4.He was absent from the meeting.His absence made the problem more difficult.(absence) 5.The question really embarrassed him.In other words,the embarrassing question made him embarrassed.(embarrass)

联想背短语?高效识记·稳固根基

高频短语——写一写

1.mother_tongue母语

2.stand_out 出色;突出

3.get_ahead 取得成功;获得进步

4.rely_on 依靠;依赖

5.take_the_form_of 采取……形式

6.adjust...to... 调整……以适应……

7.inform_sb.of_sth. 通知某人某事

8.be_well_worth_(doing)_sth. 很值得(做)某事

9.catch_on 学会

10.for_ages 很久,很长时间

11.congratulate_sb.on_sth. 就某事向某人祝贺

12.on_purpose 故意地

13.regardless_of 不管;不顾

14.on_the_other_hand 另一方面

15.I_bet 我肯定

◎语境应用——练一练(选用以上短语填空)

1.If you keep working like this,there’s no doubt that you’ll get_ahead of others.

2.While advertisements are of great help,I don’t think we should entirely rely_on them.

3.The new method caught_on and many peasants became very skilful at it.

4.Bella was in despair and felt she had no one to rely_on in the world.

5.They were all attractive,but she stood_out from the others.

6.I asked him why he left out important information on_purpose.

精彩写句式?典句背诵·夯基提能

经典句式——背一背

1.It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.(It was predicted that...据预测……) 2.Quality input ensures quality output,whether it is speaking or writing.(whether...or引导让步状语从句)

3.Thirdly,you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.(provided that引导条件状语从句,意为“如果,倘若”)

4.Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.(while表示对比,意为“而,却”)

句式仿写——练一练

1.预计到2025年时,全球60岁及以上人口的数量将会增长一倍以上。

It_is_predicted_that by the year 2025,the global population of people aged 60 years and older will more than double.

2.无论明天下不下雨,我们都要去参观水立方。

We are going to visit the Water Cube tomorrow,whether_it_rains_or_not.

3.假如情况允许的话,明天早晨我就陪她去机场。

Provided_that_circumstances_permit,I will accompany her to the airport tomorrow morning.

4.玛丽喜欢喝咖啡,而我却喜欢喝茶。

Mary likes drinking coffee while_I_like_drinking_tea.

第一板块重点单词

absence n.缺席;不在某处

(北京卷写作)I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father.

我为自己在爸爸不在家时的表现感到自豪。

(1)in the absence of sb.

=in one’s absence某人不在时

absence of mind 心不在焉

absence from school 缺课

(2)absent adj. 不在的;缺席的

be absent from... 不参加……;缺席……

It was his absence of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.

是他开车心不在焉导致了可怕的事故。

◎巧学巧练1

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①It is because of a long absence (absent) from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.

②He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.

能力提升(单句改错)

③However,learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in absence of a native language environment.

答案:在in后加the

surround v t.环绕,围绕;包围

(2015·福建卷)Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with support can be very beneficial.身边围绕着给你提供帮助的人会非常有益。

(1)surround...with...使……包围……

be surrounded by/with... 被……包围

(2)surrounding adj. 周围的

(3)surroundings n. 环境

When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers soon.

当汽车停在城镇广场时很快被士兵包围了。

◎巧学巧练2

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①Surrounded (surround)by the sea on three sides,modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.

②I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.

能力提升(句式升级)

③远处那栋高楼是我爸爸公司的所在地。

The tall building in_the_distance is home to my father’s company.

④那栋高楼被许多枫树所环绕。

The tall building is_surrounded_by a great many maple trees.

⑤用过去分词短语作后置定语连接③④句:

The_tall_building_surrounded_by_a_great_many_maple_trees_in_the_distance_is_home_to _my_father’s_company.

guarantee v t.保证;担保;n.保证;保证书

(朗文)Even if you complete your training,I can’t guarantee you a job.

即使你接受完培训,我也不能担保你会有工作。

(1)guarantee to do sth./that...

保证/担保做某事;确保……

guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事

be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会做某事

(2)give sb.a guarantee (that)...

向某人保证……

under guarantee 在保修期内

The car is less than a year old,so it is still under guarantee.

这辆汽车用了还不满一年,因此仍在保修期内。

◎巧学巧练3

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①(朗文)Going out with friends is guaranteed to_cheer (cheer) you up.

②Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?

能力提升(高考小作文)

③(2014·湖北卷书面表达)我们应该注意小细节,这能保证我们最终成功。

We should pay attention to small details,which can_guarantee_us_to_succeed_in_the_end.

adjust v i.&v t.调整;(使)适合

(2014·天津卷书面表达) However,I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.

然而,虽然天气、食物与你以往有所不同,我相信你会很快适应的。

(1)adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适应……

adjust (oneself) to 使(自己)适应……

(2)adjustment n. 调整;调节;适应

make an adjustment 做出调整

(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的;可调节的

(2015·江苏卷单项填空)Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.一些学校将不得不做出调整,以便和国家足球改革保持一致。

◎巧学巧练4

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①This kind of desk can be_adjusted (adjust) to the height you need.Besides,it’s not expensive at all.

②When a child is studying abroad,he must learn to adjust/adapt to living (live) on his own.

能力提升(高考小作文)

(广东卷写作)在高中时迈克的妈妈为他做了几乎所有的事情。这让他难以适应大学第一年的生活。

③Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school ,which_made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to_the_first-year_college_life.(定语从句)

④Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school ,making_it_difficult_for_him_to_adjust_to_the_first-year_college_life.(现在分词作结果状语)

inform v t .通知;告诉

(2015·福建卷单选)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.

Michael 考虑很周全,(及时)通知我们他的延误以防我们担心。

(1)inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事

inform sb.that 通知某人……

keep https://www.docsj.com/doc/f78597753.html,rmed 随时向……报告情况

(2)information [U] 通知;消息;情报;信息

We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.

我们很遗憾地通知你,你的申请未被接受。

◎ 巧学巧练5 基础练习(单句语法填空)

①The newspapers keep us informed (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.

②Had I informed him of the exact time for the meeting earlier ,he wouldn’t have been late yesterday.

③I have the honour to_inform (inform) you that your application has been approved. 能力提升(高考小作文)

④(2015·北京卷书面表达)如果你感兴趣,请让我知道,我会给你发送更多的消息。 If you are interested in it ,let me know and I’ll _send_you_more_information.

congratulate v t .祝贺;庆贺

(朗文P508)She congratulated me warmly on my exam results.她热情地祝贺我考试取得好成绩。

(1)congratulate sb.on ???

sth.doing sth. 就……向某人祝贺

(2)congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.

感到自豪;暗自庆幸;为自己高兴

(3)?????

congratulation n .祝贺;恭喜congratulations to sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事

You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。

◎ 巧学巧练6——单句语法填空

①Congratulate you on receiving the second highest score in the exam.

②We offer our congratulations (congratulate) to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.

ensure v t .确保,保证

(佳句诵读)The teachers spare no efforts to ensure that all students would be given an equal chance.

老师们不遗余力地确保每个学生都有同样的机会。

ensure sb.sth. 保证某人某物

ensure sb.from/against sth. 保护某人免于某事

ensure that 保证;确保

Steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.

必须要采取措施确保援助到达了既定人群。

◎ 巧学巧练7 基础练习(单句语法填空)

①These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.

②To_ensure (ensure) the bicycle from stealing ,I fitted a new lock. 能力提升(一句多译)

必须采取措施确保更多的物种免受灭顶之灾。

③Measures_must_be_taken_to_ensure_more_species_from/against_becoming_extinct. ④Measures_must_be_taken_to_ensure_that_more_species_won’t _become_extinct.

embarrass v t .使窘迫,使尴尬;使为难

(牛津P650)I didn’t want to embarrass him by kissing him in front of his friends.

我并没想当着他的朋友吻他而使他感到难堪。

(1)It embarrasses sb.to do sth.

做某事使人窘迫

(2)embarrassed adj . 难堪的,尴尬的

be embarrassed at/about

(对……)感到为难/尴尬

be embarrassed to do sth.

尴尬地做某事

embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的

(3)embarrassment n.[U]

困窘,困惑

to one’s embarrassment

让某人感到不好意思

It embarrasses me to meet the young man again,for I misunderstood him.再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬,因为我误会了他。

◎巧学巧练8

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①The speech was deliberately designed to_embarrass (embarrass) the prime minister.

②Much to her embarrassment (embarrass),all of her friends refused to go to her birthday party.

③Looking people in the eye can sometimes make them nervous and embarrassed (embarrass).

能力提升(句式升级)

④She felt embarrassed by so much praise and rose form her seat and left quietly.

Embarrassed_by_so_much_praise,she_rose_from_her_seat_and_left_quietly.

第二板块短语·句式

take the/a form of以……的形式出现(存在)

(佳句诵读)The training programmes take the form of a series of performances.

培训课程采取一系列的表演形式。

(1)form the habit of doing sth.

养成做某事的习惯

(2)in the form of 以……的形式;呈现

……的形式

fill in/out a form 填写表格

The old man has formed the habit of getting up early every morning since then.

从那时起这位老人已养成了每天早晨早起的习惯。

◎巧学巧练1

基础练习(完成句子)

①If you want to apply for the job,please fill_in_the_form (填表).

②You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request in_the_form_of_a_question (以问题的形式).

③(2015·湖北卷)Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are_likely_to_have_been_formed (有可能已形成) at a very young age.

能力提升(高考小作文)

④(2014·重庆卷书面表达)从那时起,我就养成了与朋友有规律地打篮球的习惯,这有助于我变得更强壮、更自信。

Since then,I have_formed_the_habit_of_playing_basketball with my friends regularly,which helps me to grow stronger and become more confident.

catch on学会;受欢迎;流行起来;(与to连用)理解;被接受(教材原句)The more you hear different accents,the easier it is to catch on.

你听的不同口音越多,你就越容易理解它(的意思)。

一词多义写出下列句中catch on的含义

①The new dance quickly caught on among the students.流行起来

②Sometimes I don’t catch on to your jokes.理解

③I think this novel will catch on well after it comes out.受欢迎

④If only this idea could catch on,we should be able to make quite a lot of money out of it.被接受

catch hold of 抓住

catch up with 赶上;缠上

catch sb.doing sth. 撞见某人做某事

catch sight of 看见

catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意

◎巧学巧练2——单句语法填空

①It’s a shame that he was caught sleeping (sleep) in class.

②I have to work hard to catch up with the other students.

③I doubt very much if this book will catch on in students.

on the other hand(可是)另一方面

(2014·四川卷书面表达)On the one hand,I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam;on the other hand,I feel a bit nervous,though it’s not difficult.一方面,我坚信会在考试中做得很好;另一方面,虽然不难,我仍感觉有点紧张。

(1)on (the) one hand...;on the other hand...

一方面……另一方面(却)……

(2)first(ly)...;second(ly)...

第一……第二……

(3)for one thing...;for another...

一则……;二则……

On the other hand ,they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.另一方面,他们能丰富我的生活并且给我提供极大的乐趣。

◎ 巧学巧练3 基础练习(单句语法填空)

①To improve your English ,first(ly),you should listen more ;second(ly),you should read more.

②I’m not going to buy it ;for one thing I don’t like the color ,and for another it’s far too expensive. 能力提升(高考小作文)

③(山东卷写作)一方面,我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母,另一方面,我能从中获得一些经验,这会对我将来的生活有益。

On the one hand ,I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents ,and on_the_other_hand ,I can gain_some_experience_from_it ,

which will do good to my future life.

Thirdly ,you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.

第三,你们说我如果提前付费的话就可以打折优惠。

句中provided that 为连词,表示“如果,只要”,引导条件状语从句。其中that 可以省去,也可用providing 替换provided 。在英语中,引导条件状语从句的类似连词还有:

?????(1)supposing/suppose (that )... given (that )... assuming (that )...如果;假如;假设

?

??(2)on condition that as long as...只要 You can use this room provided that you keep it clean.

只要能保持房间干净整洁,你就可以使用这间房子。

◎ 巧学巧练4——一句多译

只要她对我真诚,我会宽容她的。

①Provided/Providing/Supposing/Suppose_that she was sincere with me ,I should forgive her a lot.

②Assuming_that she was sincere with me ,I should forgive her a lot.

③If she was sincere with me,I should forgive her a lot.

④As_long_as she was sincere with me,I should forgive her a lot.

⑤I should forgive her a lot on_condition_that she was sincere with me.

Quality input ensures quality output,whether it is speaking or writing.

不管是说还是写,高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。

whether...or引导让步状语从句,意为“不管是……还是……,不论……还是……”。另外,它还可引导名词性从句。

Whether they are successful or not,we can be sure that we did our best.

无论成功与否,我们确实已尽了最大努力。

◎巧学巧练5

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

②It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.

能力提升(写作佳句)

③究竟此事对我们有害还是有利,还有待验证。

Whether_it_will_do_us_harm_or_good remains to be seen.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.After discussing it with my teacher,I made a few________(adjust) to my original design.

答案:adjustments

2.Making speeches in public always makes the shy girl feel ________(embarrass).

答案:embarrassed

3.He smiled broadly,which showed his________(approve) of our plan.

答案:approval

4.The headmaster promised to keep the parents fully________(inform) of how their children were getting along in the school.

答案:informed

5.I’m going to Taipei on business next week and John will be in charge of the office during my ________(absent).

答案:absence

6.The English evening is due at 7:30,but________(ensure) that you get good seats,I strongly suggest you arrive early.

答案:to ensure

7.It is uncertain________side effects the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.

答案:what

8.That kind of behaviour is guaranteed ________(make) him angry.

答案:to make

9.He graduated from a key university with great honors and I think he is adequate________the job.

答案:to

10.What impresses me most is that the little girl can speak English accurately and________(fluent).

答案:fluently

11.Mary lost her thought,so she didn’t quite catch________how to answer the question.

答案:on

12.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief________you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

答案:that

13.______________(thankful),I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

答案:Thankfully

14.I asked the photographer to________(large) the picture and then hung it on the wall.

答案:enlarge

15.She ________(resemble) her sister in appearance but not in character.

答案:resembles

Ⅱ.单句语法改错

1.I am sure we can help you solve the problem,provide that you tell us all the necessary information.

答案:provide→provided

2.There is no doubt whether he is the right person for the position.

答案:whether→that

3.Aunt Zhang is always ready to tell the story to whomever would listen to her.

答案:whomever→whoever

4.When and where they will have the party have not been decided yet.

答案:have→has

5.It has proved that learners learn better if they are able to take charge of their own learning.

答案:has后加been

6.The price of a product depends on its quality,so the higher its quality,the expensive it will be.

答案:expensive前加more

Ⅲ.单句写作

1.______________________(另一方面),since we all tried our best,we had no regret.

答案:On the other hand

2.Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people,which help me understand ____________________________________(怎样努力工作来使这个世界更美好).答案:how a person can work hard to make the world a better place

3.To be honest,it took me more than a month to______________________________(适应新学校的生活).

答案:adjust myself to the new school life

4.Premier Li Keqiang asked the local government_________________________________(确保校车的安全) at the meeting.

答案:to ensure the safety of the school bus

5.______________________________(不管你喜欢与否),you have to face it one day.

答案:Whether you like it or not

Ⅳ.话题写作

根据提示,利用本单元所学知识,完成下面的小作文并背诵成文。

1.老板不在期间,李华总是业务缠身。(in the absence of,be surrounded by)

2.今天早上,他先是接到通知和一家重要公司谈判,然后他要去为一家新公司开业贺喜。(be informed,negotiate with,be to do,congratulate on)

3.不管愿不愿意,他都得尽其所能以确保顾客满意。(whether...or...,ensure)

4.只要公司业务得以发展,他们的产品真正受欢迎,他乐意让自己适应这种忙碌的生活。(provided that,get ahead,catch on,adjust oneself to)

参考答案

In the absence of the boss,Li Hua is always surrounded by business.This morning,he was first informed that he had to negotiate with an important company,then he was to congratulate a new firm on its opening.Whether he was willing or not,he would try his best to ensure the guests were pleased.Provided that the business of their company gets ahead and their products really catch on,he is ready to adjust himself to such a busy life.

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