大学英语第四册第四单元详解

Unit 4 Book 4

Work, Labour and Play 1. An English Song —Career Opportunities

Career opportunities

They offered me the office, offered me the shop

They said I’d better take anything they got

Do you want to make tea at the BBC?

Do you want to be, do you really want to be a cop?

Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Every job they offer you is to keep you out of the dock Career opportunities are the ones that never knock

I hate all of my school’s rules

They just think that I’m another fool

Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Every job they offer you is to keep you out of the dock Career opportunities are the ones that never knock

Hey

Bus driver!

Ambulance man!

Ticket inspector!

I don’t understand

They’re gonna have to introduce conscription（征兵）They’re gonna have to take away my prescriptions

If they want to get me making toys

If they want to get me, I’ve got no choice

Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Every job they offer you is to keep you out of the dock Career opportunities are the ones that never knock

Career

Career

Career opportunities are the ones that never knock Oh, no

2. Difficult Sentences

1) (LL6~9) In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been

abolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on

whether he is paid money to do it, but a labourer today can rightly be

called a wage slave.

Why does the author call a labourer a wage slave?

(=The author calls a labourer a wage slave because a labou rer’s social value depends on the money he is paid. To a labourer, the job that society offers him is of no interest to him. He is compelled to take it because he has to earn a living and support his family. )

What is the implied meaning of this sentence?

(=Just like slaves in the past, labourers are compelled to do jobs that they don’t really enjoy. As a result, the only difference between a labourer and a slave is that one is paid while the other is not. )

2) (LL17~20) A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which

society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is

necessary labour is from his own point of view voluntary play.

What does “voluntary play” mean in this context?

(=“Voluntary play” in the context means the job one enjoys doing. )

3) (LL22~25) The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference

between a manual and a mental job;a gardener or a cobbler may be a

worker, a bank clerk a labourer.

What can we infer from this sentence?

(=According to the author, whether one is a worker or a labourer does not depend on the kind of job he or she does but on whether he or she really enjoys doing the job. Therefore, a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker if he is interested in his job, while a bank clerk is a labourer if he is bored with his job.)

4) (LL28~30) He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much;

workers die of heart attacks and forget their wives’ birthdays.

Why is a worker likely to take too little leisure?

(=Because to a worker, leisure means simply the time he needs to relax and rest in order to work more efficiently.)

Translate this sentence into Chinese.

（＝所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。工作者可能会死于心脏病，并

会忘记自己妻子的生日。）

5) (LL44~47) It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the

population, that is to say, its labourers, will have almost as much

leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.

Paraphrase this sentence.

(=We can already imagine a world where the majority of the workforce have as much leisure time as the upper classes used to have in the past.)

Translate this sentence into Chinese.

（＝已经可以想象出这样一个社会：其人口的大多数，也就是其中的劳动者们，将会享受到早期贵族们才能享受到的几乎同样多的休闲。）

6) (LL47~49) When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the

prospect is not cheerful.

What does this sentence imply?

(=If today’s labourers who have almost as much leisure time as aristocracies in the past, should kill their time by indulging in dangerous and meaningless activities, it would have a great negative impact on society. With such a prospect in mind, one cannot but feel worried.)

7) (LL49~51) Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more

difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies.

Translate this sentence into Chinese.

（=的确，在未来这样一个大众社会里，人们要解决“无聊”这个问题，也许比过去的贵族们要困难得多。）

8) (LL53~55) The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion

which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of

certain people.

Paraphrase this sentence.

(=Unlike the aristocracy, ordinary people spend too much leisure time following fashions that change frequently in the economic interest of certain people.)

9) (LL57~60) For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare,

it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving,

drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence.

What can we infer from this sentence?

(=Unlike aristocracies, labourers cannot afford activities like gambling, dueling, and warfare, yet they may easily find similar amusements available in the modern society by spending their excessive leisure time in driving dangerously, taking drugs, or committing senseless acts of violence. )

10) (LL60~63) Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their

aggression into their work,be it physical like the work of a smith, or

mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.

Why do you think workers can put their aggression into their work?

(=Workers usually enjoy what they are doing, so they are willing to spend most of their time and energy on their jobs. As they are bent on their work, the aggressiveness inside themselves, if any, would naturally turn into the motivation and determination to do their jobs well. )

Translate this sentence into Chinese.

(=工作者很少从事暴力活动，他们可以把自己的“敌对心理”用在工作上，不管是工匠的体力活，还是科学家、艺术家的脑力活。)

3. Words and Expressions

1) (L2) define: vt. state, show or explain clearly

*New times define new challenges.

*Please listen carefully while I define your duties.

*When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble.

把“幸福”界定为“拥有很多钱”是错误的。

(= It's wrong to define “happiness”as “owing lots of money”. )

2) (L4) compel: vt.

1. force or oblige

*You can compel obedience, but not affection.

*You cannot compel good work from unwilling students.

A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his

allowance.

2. inspire

*Her intelligence and skill compel universal admiration.

cf. compel, force, constrain, & oblige

这些动词均含“迫使”之意。

compel 指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。

force 指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。constrain 侧重施加约束力或有约束作用的影响，也指环境对人强加的影响迫使人去做某事，尤指受良心、情感等内在力量驱使去做某事。

oblige 指由于生理上或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫做出的反应。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. He felt _______ to leave after such an unpleasant quarrel. (=obliged)

2. Wealth is a power usurped by the few, to _______ the many to labour for their benefit. (=compel)

3. I’m by the need to care for my mother. (=constrained)

4. Survivors of the gas explosion are much _______ to the public for their concern and donations. (=obliged)

5. They the child into obedience. (=forced)

3) (L6) in the strict sense: in the most limited meaning

*In the strict sense, it is not a piece of classical music.

*In the strict sense, the help-the-poor program was put forward and on a large scale only after the initiation of the reform and opening-up.

Collocations:

in a sense 在某种意义上

in the literal sense 就字面上而言

in the full sense 就全面的角度而言

in the broad sense 从广义的角度而言

4) (L7) abolish: vt. bring to an end by law; stop

*Slavery was abolished in England in the 19th century.

Modern educators have for the most part abolished corporal punishment.

For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.

*我们应该废止种族隔离一事愈来愈受到重视。

(=There is growing recognition that we should abolish segregation.)

cf. abolish, cancel & repeal

这些动词均含“取消、废除”之意

abolish正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。例如：

In my opinion, such corrupt practices should be abolished.

依我看，这些陋习应当废除。

cancel用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。例如：

If it rains, let our engagement be cancelled.

如果下雨，就取消我们的约会吧。

repeal书面用词，指撤销立法机关通过的协议、法案或法律等。例如：

The legislation was repealed five months later.

5) (L20) voluntary: a.acting or done willingly, without being forced

*Charities rely on voluntary donations.

*She does voluntary social work.

*Collocations:

voluntary clinic 免费诊所

*voluntary coordination 自发性协调

*voluntary association 自愿结合

*voluntary agreement 无偿协议

voluntary labour 义务劳动

voluntary agency 志愿机构，志愿团体

voluntary assistance 义务援助

voluntary contribution 自愿捐款

6) (L21) classify: vt. arrange in classes or groups

*Whales are classified as mammals, not fish.

*We usually classify types of character as good or bad.

人们将油腻的薯条、洋芋片以及汉堡归类为垃圾食物。

ople classify greasy French fries, potato chips and hamburgers as junk food. )

Local government is actively taking measures to collect, classify and dispose of

garbage left in scenic spots to prevent pollution.

cf. organize, categorize, classify & sort

这些动词均含“按一定规则加以组织、分类”之意。

organize 指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体。

categorize 强调贴标签于某物上并将其分类，或分列入目录中。

classify 指按照事物类型、质量或相似点进行分类。

sort 通常指根据类型或分类进行挑选。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The books in the library are _______ to subjects. (=classified)

2. Please _______ out the things you want to keep and throw everything else away. (=sort)

3. She was the first to the work in this way. (=organize)

4. He was as a trouble-maker. (=categorized)

5. Natural resources can be as renewable and nonrenewable ones. (=classified)

7) (L22) undertake: vt. make oneself responsible for; agree; promise

*During her husband’s presidency, Jacqueline K ennedy undertook the coordination of the White House restoration.

*We undertake to replace any product not up to the specifications.

*量力而行。

(=Undertake no more than you can perform.)

8) (L23) coincide: vi.be in agreement

*The birthdays of twins usually coincide.

*His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife.

*They could not go to the theatre together because his free time never coincide with hers.

我和你政见不同。

(=I do not coincide with you in politics.)

9) (L21) compulsion: n. force or strong influence; strong unreasonable desire

*Her compulsion to drink is causing serious problems.

*Everybody acts not only under external compulsion, but also in accordance with inner necessity.

*对他们只能说服，不能压服。

(=Persuasion, not compulsion, is the only way to convince them.)

Pattern:

under compulsion

10) (L40) eliminate: vt. remove; take away; get rid of

*To fight and eliminate poverty is a major task facing the world today.

*The doctors helped him to eliminate waste material from the body.

*我们能消灭癌症以减少死亡率吗？

(=Can we eliminate cancer so as to reduce death rate?)

*Eliminate the false and retain the true.

(=去伪存真。)

Collocations:

eliminate sex barriers 消除男女差别

eliminate errors 消除错误

eliminate illiteracy 扫盲

eliminate pornography 扫黄

cf. remove, eliminate, dismiss & expel

这些动词均有“开除、驱出、去掉”之意。

remove 普通用词，不带任何感情色彩。

eliminate 通常指例行的、有步骤地去掉某物或某人。

dismiss 既可指突然迅速地排除，也可指解雇、开除或驳回。

expel 多指强行解除公职或驱出居住地。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The case against Robert Jones was _______ for lack of evidence. (=dismissed)

2. Six American diplomats have already been _______ . (=expelled)

3. The servant was for being lazy and dishonest. (=dismissed)

4. Please _______ your bag from the seat so that I can sit down. (=remove)

5. She once again went through her composition carefully to all spelling mistakes. (=eliminate)

11) (L47) recall: vt.

1. order to return; summon back

*The government recalled its ambassador when the war was declared.

2. remember; recollect

*The sight recalled the days of childhood to her.

*I don’t recall ever meeting her.

cf. remember, recall, recollect & remind

这些动词均有“记忆、记住、回忆”之意。

remember含义较广，多指无意识地回忆起往事，也可指通过主观努力去记忆。例如：

I often remember the pleasant holiday we had with you.

我们时常忆起与你共度的愉快假日。

recall 比remember文雅，指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。例如：Try to recall to mind exactly what happened. 把发生的事情尽可能仔细地回忆一下。

recollect指把失去或消散的东西带回头脑中。例如：Beasts and babies remember, that is, recognize; man alone recollects. 动物和婴儿能记住或者说能辨认东西，

只有成人才能回忆起事情。

remind 指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。例如：The film reminded him of what he had seen in Germany. 这部电影使他回想起在德国所看到的情况。

12) (L48) prospect: n.

1. wide view of a landscape

*A magnificent prospect of mountain peaks and lakes revealed before us.

2. expectation; hope

*The prospects of finding gold in California were good in the 1840s.

*I see little prospect of an improvement in his condition.

The prospects for a peaceful solution to the crisis are quite bright.

*我看他没有什么痊愈的希望。

(=I see little prospect of his recovery. )

13) (L50) mass:

1. n. a large number, lots

*The flowers made a mass of colour in the garden.

*She elbowed her way through the masses of tourists.

2. a. of or for a large number, esp. of people

*mass meeting (=群众大会)

*mass media (=大众传媒)

*mass walk-out (=大批退席)

*mass production (=大量生产)

14) (L52) grouse: n. a smallish fat bird which is shot for food and sport.

The Glorious Twelfth is usually used to refer to August 12, the start of the shooting season for red grouse in the United Kingdom. This is one of the busiest days in the shooting season, with large amounts of game being shot. It is also a major boost to the rural economy.

15) (L56) go in for:

1. take, enter (an examination or competition)

*I didn’t go on for the crossword competition.

2. have an interest in, have as a hobby

*I don’t go in for sport very much.

*David likes country life and has decided to go in for farming.

16) (L58) gamble: v.play games of chance for money; take great risks for the

chance of winning

*She was fond of gambling on cards and horses.

*He gambled every penny he had on the last race.

*我们准备在户外聚会。当然，我们这是把赌注押在了天气上。

(=We’re having the party outside. Of course, we’re gambling on the weather.)

17) (L60) senseless: a.

1. pointless; foolish

I condemn this senseless violence.

It would be senseless to continue any further.

2. unconscious

*The little match girl fell senseless to the ground in the storm.

18) (L60) commit: vt.

1. perform (a crime, foolish act, etc. )

*He denied that he had committed the murder.

*There has been a rise in the amount of crime committed.

2. give or transfer for safe keeping, treatment, etc.

*They committed the patient to the mental hospital.

*He was found guilty and committed to prison.

3. make oneself responsible; undertake

*He has committe d himself to support his brother’s children.

*The government has committed itself to improving the National Health Service.

NB:

注意该词的词性变化，它的名词为：commitment 。

3. Useful Expressions

1) 从严格意义上说in the strict sense

2) 谋生earn a living

3) 体力劳动manual job

4) 脑力劳动mental job

5) 与……一致，相符coincide with

6) 心脏病heart attacks

7) 摆脱强制freedom from compulsion

8) 据推测at a guess

9) 劳动分工the division of labour

10) 受雇职业paid occupations

11) 大众社会mass society

12) 爱好，沉迷于go in for

13) 广大民众the masses

14) 吸食毒品drug-taking

15) 进行暴力活动commit acts of violence

16) 埋头做，认真做get one’s teeth into

4. Proverbs and Quotations

1) Work will not kill a man but worry will.

累不死人愁死人。

2) Work has a bitter root but sweet fruit.

劳动根虽苦，然而果实甜。

3) What is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

事既值得做，就把事做好。

4) Labour is often the father of pleasure.

勤劳常为快乐之源。

5) Work is the grand cure for all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind.

-— Thoas Carlyle, British historian

工作是良药，能医治一切困扰人的疾苦。

——英国历史学家T. 卡莱尔

6) Work banishes those three great evils: boredom, vice and poverty.

-— Voltaire, French Philosopher

工作撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊、堕落和贫穷。

——法国哲学家伏尔泰

7) I do not like work —no man does —but I like what is in the work —the

chance to find yourself.

-— Conrad Joseph, British novelist

我不喜欢工作——没有人会喜欢工作。但是我喜欢工作中所蕴藏的——发现自己的

机会。

——英国小说家C. 约瑟夫

8) Work is more than a necessary for most human beings; it is the focus of their

lives, the source of their identity and creativity.

— Leonard R. Sayles, British writer

，工作不仅仅是一种必需，它还是人们生活的焦点，是他们的个性和创造性的源泉。

——英国作家L.R. 塞尔斯

大学英语精读第四册课后答案

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大学英语泛读

●Twenty Minutes’ Reading on P18-21 ●Translate the following passage into Chinese Trading error dims Everbright's prospects The record 523 million yuan ($85 million) fine may seem big, but Everbright Securities Co's troubles are far from over. The company is facing claims estimated at 2.7 billion yuan by investors alleged to have been misled by the company's deliberate withholding of information about its 7.2 billion yuan trading mistake. But lawyers said potential claimants may need more information from the China Securities Regulatory Commission investigation to pin Everbright down. According to the Securities Law of China, the principal should shoulder responsibility if insider trading incurs any losses. But Liu Mingjun, director of the capital market department of Beijing Celue Law Firm, told Xinhua News Agency that there is a lack of detailed interpretation and regulations in the Securities Law. In the United States, investors who can prove they suffered a loss as a result of insider trading would bring a civil claim against the broker responsible for it, said Gene Buttrill, capital markets practice partner at the global law firm Jones Day. So far, the commission has only handed down the penalty with a note saying that investors who felt cheated can seek redress through litigation. It has not disclosed details of its investigation that showed how Everbright stonewalled the stock exchange on Aug 16, allowing itself time to engage in insider trading to cover its potential losses. Following Everbright's former president Xu Haoming's resignation on Aug 22, Yang Chizhong, assistant executive, and Mei Jian, secretary of the board of directors, resigned on Saturday. Xu and Yang, together with Shen Shiguang, general manager of the accounting department, and Yang Jianbo, general manager of the strategic department, were fined by the commission and banned from any work involving the stock exchange. Buttrill of Jones Day said insider trading cases in the US carry both criminal and civil penalties. "For serious cases, jail sentences are often appropriate," he added. The share price of Everbright Securities plummeted 8.54 percent to close at 9.21 yuan on Monday, while the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index

大学英语1新版第四单元答案

Unit 4 Text A Text Organization (P88) Main Events 1)Tony worked as a help at Mr. Crawford's house. 2)Tony got a job clearing snow at Mr. Crawford's factory. 3)Tony learned to become a skilled worker. 4)Tony bought a house with Mr. Crawford's help. 5)Tony bought a farm and sent for his family in Italy. Language Sense enhancement (P89) 1)passed away 2)grew in stature 3)proud 4)route 5)values and principles 6)above all 7)bottom 8)tiny 9)giant 10)balance sheets Vocabulary (P91) I. 1. 1) wreck 3) approaching 2) balance 4) handle

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大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册答案Book 1 Unit 1 Study&Practice Vocabulary Activities 1. 1)e 2)g 3)j 4)a 5)b 6)i 7)c 8)d 9)h 10)f 2. 1) handling 2) summarized 3) process 4) absorb 5) are bound to 6) feel free 7) for instance 8) strategies 9) complained 10) has committed... to memory 11) Nevertheless 12) rely... on 13) Apart from 14) command 3. 1) over and over again 2) at a time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for 5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition to 8) in detail Enriching Your Word Power 1. 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development

15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 2. 1) a) additional b) add c) addition d) addition 2) a) effectively b) effect c) effective d) effect 3) a)helpful b) help c) helpless d) help e) helplessly f) helpfully g) helpful 4) a) reliant b) reliable c) reliance, reliable d) relies e) reliably 5) a) repetition b) repeating c) repeatedly d) repeated e) repetition Usage 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today’s papers 5) In most doctors’ opinion ( According to most doctors) Structure 1. 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer. 4) There is always a black market not only in Britain, but also in other European countries. 5) At the Athens Olympics in 2004, Liu Xiang not only won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles, but also broke the Olympic record. 2. 1) It is true that your sentences are all gramma tically correct, but they don’t make any sense. 2) It is true that they lost that battle, but they still went on fighting. 3) It is true that Tom’s very clever and hardworking, but I still don’t think he is the right person for the job. 4) It is true that learning English is by no means easy, but we can make the task easier by using some learning strategies. Cloze 1. 1) strategies 2) frequently 3) over and over again 4) commit to memory 5) acquaintance 6) watch out for 7) communicate 8) process