医学英语

医学英语

【单词】

1.arthritis 关节炎

2. dysfunction 功能紊乱

3.ossification 骨化，沉钙（作用）

4. gastritis 胃炎

5.hemoglobin 血红蛋白

6.leukotherapy 白细胞疗法

7.chemotherapy 化学疗法

8.megalohepatia 巨肝，肝肿大

9.necrosis 坏死 10.esophagitis 食道炎

11.甲状机能亢进 hyperthyroidism 12.过敏 allergy 13. 支气管炎 bronchitis 14. 结肠炎 colitis 15.逼尿肌 detrusor 16.红细胞生成 erythropoiesis 17.免疫学 immunology 18.止血 hemostasis

19. 肝炎 hepatitis 20 高钙血 hypercalcemia

21.骨质疏松症 osteoporosis 22.生长激素 growth hormone 23.下丘脑 hypothalamus 24.小脑 cerebellum

25.盐皮质激素 mineralocorticoid 26.糖皮质激素glucocorticoid 27.消化道 alimentary tract 28.阑尾炎 appendicitis

29.支气管炎 bronchitis 30.食道 esophagus

31.pharynx 咽 32.oralpharyngeal canal 口咽管

33.jejunum 空肠 34.endocrine gland 内分泌腺

35.neurohypophysis 神经垂体 36.hemostasis 止血

37.retroperitoneal 腹膜后的 38.metabolite 代谢产物

39.sinoatrial node 窦房结 40.呼吸循环 respiratory cycle

41.细支气管 bronchiole 42.吞噬细胞 phagocyte 43.房室瓣 atrioventricular valves 44.主动脉干 aorta trunk 45.心电图 electrocardiogram 46.血管化 vascularize 47.血管收缩 vasoconstriction 48.癌肉瘤 carcinosarcoma 49.蛋白分解的 proteolytic 50.趋化性 chemotaxis

【翻译】

⒈感觉纤维从脊髓向脑的其他部分传导冲动，而运动纤维则把冲动从脑向下传导给脊髓。

Sensory fibers conduct impulses up from the cord to other parts of the brain, and motor fibers conduct impulses down from the brain to the cord.

⒉小脑的基本机能是使人保持平稳协调的动作，保持平衡和正常的姿势。

The general functions of the cerebellum are to produce smooth coordinated movements, maintain equilibrium and sustain normal postures.

⒊间脑是人脑中较小的结构，位于中脑和大脑之间。

The diencephalon is a small but important part of the brain located between the midbrain below and the cerebrum above.

⒋大脑沟把大脑分成左右两半，或者说两个半球。

The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into right and left halves or hemispheres.

⒌血液是在心血管系统内流动的物质，由细胞或细胞样结构和细胞外液体（称作血浆）组成。

Blood, the substance that flows through the vessels of the cardiovascular system, is composed of cells or cell-like structures and an extracellular fluid called plasma.

⒍血液有两种功能：运输和维持内环境稳定。

Blood has two functions: transportation and the maintenance of homeostasis.

⒎肾上腺皮质三个不同的细胞层分泌的激素叫做皮质激素。Hormones secreted by three different cell zones or layers of the adrenal cortex are called corticoids.

⒏内分泌系统的器官都是腺体，但并非所有腺体都是内分泌系统的器官。

All organs of the endocrine system are glands, but not all glands are organs of the endocrine system.

⒐饮食中碘摄入不足会引起甲状腺肥大。

Low dietary intake of iodine causes a painless enlargement of the thyroid gland.

⒑肿瘤或其他异常往往会使腺体分泌过多或分泌过少。

Tumors or other abnormalities frequently cause a gland to secrete too much or too little hormone.

⒒食物分解成为简单的形式称为消化过程。

The breakdown of food into simple forms is known as the process of digestion.

⒓我们称消化系统的主要部分为消化道。

We call the main part of the digestive system the alimentary canal.

⒔通过X线检查，我们可以看到摄入的食物通过食管、胃和肠道的情况。

Under the X-ray examination, the food you get can be seen passing through the esophagus, stomach and intestine.

⒕肾单位是肾的基本功能单位，人的两肾约有170万~240万个肾单位。

The nephron is a functional unit of the kidney, and the two kidneys contain approximately 1700000~2400000 nephrons.

⒖入球小动脉收缩时，进入肾小球的血液量减少，肾小球血压也降低。相反，入球小动脉扩张就会使肾小球血压升高。

Afferent arteriolar constriction decreases the rate of blood flow into the glomerulus and also decreases the glomerular pressure. Conversely, dilatation of the afferent arteriole increases the glomerular pressure.

⒗心脏是一个肌性空腔脏器，重约342g，每天跳动10万多次，泵送784升血液通过6万英里长的血管。

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that weight about 342 grams and beats over 100000 times a day to pump 784 liters of blood per day through over 60000 miles of blood vessels. ⒘心脏内部有4个接受循环血液的腔。上方的两个腔为左心房和右心房。每个心房有一个附器，因其形状酷似狗的耳朵而被称为心耳。The interior of the heart is divided into four cavities called

chambers that receive circulating blood. The two superior chambers are called the right and left atria. Each atrium has an appendage called an auricle, so named because its shape resembles a dog’s ear.

18.呼吸是在生物体和外界环境之间氧气和二氧化碳交换的总过程。正常细胞的新陈代谢需要连续不断地供给氧气，排出二氧化碳。Respiration is the total process of O2 and CO2 exchange between biologic organism and external environment. Normal cellular metabolism requires a continuous supply of oxygen and continuous removal of carbon dioxide.

19.肺毛细血管的平均直径仅为8微米，也就是说，红细胞实际上必须挤着通过毛细血管。

The average diameter of the pulmonary capillaries is only 8 micron , which means that red blood cells must actually squeeze through them.

20.肿瘤恶性程度越高，与正常组织差异就越大，最终变得与正常组织和细胞几乎没有类似之处。

The more malignant the tumor, the more deviation from normal, the ultimate begin changes so extreme as to bear little or no resemblance to normal tissues and cells.

21.在对肿瘤组织和细胞特征的论述中，均应强调肿瘤与正常组织和细胞之间存在很大的差异，而且所有肿瘤均不具有特异性的恒定特

征。

It should be emphasized in any discussion of tumor tissue and cell characteristics that the degrees of deviation from normal vary widely and that there are no specific or constant features present in all neoplasms.

22.损伤后立即发生血管扩张，损伤部位微血管系统扩张，充盈血液（动脉性充血）。

Vasodilation occurs directily after injury. The microvascular at the site of injury becomes dilated and filled with blood( hyperaemia).

23.白细胞游出是一种主动的过程，有两个阶段：白细胞粘附于内皮的表面（铺壁），然后从内皮细胞间裂隙主动地移行进入组织间隙。白细胞粘附于内皮细胞的机制不明。

The emigration of leukocytes is an active process which occurs in two stages. The cells stick to the endothelial surface (pavementing) and then actively migrate through the gaps between the endothelial cells and into the tissue spaces.The mechanism by which leukocytes stick to the endothelial cells is unknow.

【简答题】

1、脑的结构

(1)Cerebrum 大脑

Cerebellum 小脑

Diencephalon 间脑

thalamus 丘脑

Hypothalamus 下丘脑

（2）Describe the brain structure.

2、肠胃

（1）Pathway of food through the digestive tract Oral cavity—pharynx—esophagus—stomach—duodenum—jejunum—ileum—

cecum—ascending colon—transverse colon—descending colon—sigmoid colon—rectum—anus

（2）The structure of the digestive system ?alimentary tract : the digestive system ?The structure : mouth , pharynx , esophagus , stomach , small intestines, rectum and anus ?Accessory structures: salivary glands, the

liver, and the pancreas

（3）

（4）

（5）

rectum :直肠 cecum ：盲肠

duodenum ：十二指肠

ileum ：回肠 jejunum :空肠

colon ：结肠

Transverse portion of the colon :横结肠

Ascending portion of the colon ：升结肠

Descending portion of the colon ：降结肠

3、肾单位

Nephron components:

1 = glomerular capsule,

2 = glomerulus,

3 = afferent arteriole,

4 = efferent arteriol

5 = proximal convoluted tubule,

6 = distal convoluted tubule,

7 = collecting duct,

8 = loop of Henle,

9 = peritubular capillaries (or vasa recta).

Plasma is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule. Filtrate then travels through the tubules and loop of Henle before entering the collecting duct.

4、心血管系统—简述血流过程

5、呼吸系统

全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下载版

2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.

常用医学英语-大全

目录 一、医院文书书写...................................... 错误!未定义书签。 二、医学英语常用前后缀................................ 错误!未定义书签。 三、医学英语缩写一览表................................ 错误!未定义书签。 四、医学英语常用短语.................................. 错误!未定义书签。 五、英语问诊常用句子.................................. 错误!未定义书签。 六、医院日常用品和设备................................ 错误!未定义书签。

一、医院文书书写 1、抗生素医嘱[Antibiotic order] ·Prophylaxis [预防性用药] Duration of oder[用药时间] 24hr Procedure[操作，手术] ·Empiric theraphy [经验性治疗] Suspected site and organism[怀疑感染的部位和致病菌] 72hr Cultures ordered[是否做培养] ·Documented infection[明确感染] Site and organism[部位和致病菌] 5days ·Other[其他] Explanation required [解释理由] 24hr ·Antibiotic allergies[何种抗生素过敏] No known allergy [无已知的过敏] ·Drug+dose+Route+frequency[药名+剂量+途径+次数] 2、医嘱首页[Admission / transfer] ·Admit / transfer to [收入或转入] ·Resident [住院医师] Attending[主治医师] ·Condition [病情] ·Diagnosis[诊断] ·Diet [饮食] ·Acitivity [活动] ·Vital signs[测生命体征] ·I / O [记进出量] ·Allergies[过敏] 3、住院病历[case history] ·Identification [病人一般情况] Name[性名] Sex[性别] Age [年龄] Marriage[婚姻] Person to notify and phone No.[联系人及电话] Race[民族] 身份证] Admission date[入院日期] Source of history[病史提供者] Reliability of history[可靠程度] Medical record No[病历号] Business phone No.[工作单位电话] Home address and phone No.[家庭住地及电话] ·Chief complaint[主诉] ·History of present illness[现病史] ·Past History[过去史] Family History[家族史] Ob/Gyn History[ 婚姻/生育史] Personnal history Surgical[外科] Medical[内科] Medications[用药] Allergies[过敏史] Social History[社会史] Habits[个人习惯] Smoking[吸烟] Alcohol use[喝酒] ·Review of Aystems[系统回顾] General[概况] Eyes,Ears,Nose and throat[五官] Pulmonary[呼吸] Cardiovascular[心血管] GI[消化] GU[生殖、泌尿系统] genitourinary Musculoskeletal[肌肉骨骼] Neurology[神经系统] Endocrinology[内分泌系统] Lymphatic/Hematologic[淋巴系统/血液系统] ·Physi cal Exam[体检] P[脉博] Bp[血压] R[呼吸] T[温度]

临床医学英语的课文参考译文版

临床医学英语的课文参考译文整理版

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第二单元 骨质疏松与骨骼的危险因素 骨质疏松可能几十年也没有任何症状。因为除非骨折，它不会引起任何症状。有些骨质疏松性骨折数年后才能诊断出来。因此，只有发生带来痛苦的骨折时，患者才能意识到自己的骨质疏松。而骨质疏松症状和骨折部位有关。 脊椎骨折可引起严重的带状疼痛，疼痛从后背扩散到身体的两侧。几年时间，反复的脊椎骨折可引起身高变矮，脊椎弯曲和后背下端长期疼痛。脊椎弯曲使得患者出现驼背现象，通常称为“罗锅”。 日常生活中发生的骨折叫做压迫性骨折。例如：有些骨质疏松患者走路或下台阶时，脚部会出现压迫性骨折。 跌倒时通常发生髋部骨折。如果患有骨质疏松，非常轻微的磕碰都能造成髋部骨折。由于骨骼的质量较差，即使行外科手术治疗，髋部骨折也很难治愈。 根据国际骨质疏松基金会今天在世界骨质疏松日公布的报告披露，如果吸烟，每天饮酒两杯以上，不锻炼身体或饮食不佳，晚年就会患骨质疏松。 国际骨质疏松基金会主席Daniel Navid在迪拜召开的记者招待会上说：“预计到2050年，因骨质疏松造成的髋部骨折发生率，男性将增至310%，女性将增至240%。骨质疏松导致的骨折通常意味着疼痛，功能丧失，严重病例会导致死亡。” “战胜骨折”报告作者及国际骨质疏松基金会成员Cyrus Cooper教授说：“世界范围内，骨质疏松发病率正以流行病的发病增长——50岁以上,有1/3的女性和1/5的男性患骨质疏松性骨折。但是，如果人们年轻时就认识到骨质疏松的危害并采取适当措施，将对晚年时期的骨骼健康有着巨大的积极影响。” 国际骨质疏松基金会敦促人们接受国际骨质疏松基金会一分钟骨质疏松危险因素检查。此外，采取对骨骼有益的生活方式，如营养饮食，定期锻炼，不吸烟，不酗酒，这些都会有助于形成健壮的骨骼，防止骨折。 危险因素主要分为两大类：可修正的和不可修正的危险因素。尽管我们无法控制危险因素，如年龄，性别，家族史，但还是有些能减轻其影响的办法。 可修正的危险因素 可修正的危险因素主要源于不健康的饮食或生活方式的选择，包括营养不良，身高体重比偏低,饮食失调，喝酒，吸烟和缺乏锻炼。这些危险因素大部分直接影响骨骼健康，导致骨密度降低。（BMD） 喝酒 欧洲,北美洲及澳大利亚的研究表明，无论男性还是女性，每天饮酒量超过两杯会就加大骨质疏松和髋关节骨折的危险。 吸烟 吸烟同样增加人的骨折危险。国际研究已经表明，吸烟使髋关节骨折的危险增加1.5倍。在瑞典进行的研究表明，18到20岁的男性吸烟者，其骨密度降低。这项研究结果尤其令人担忧。因为它表明，年轻人吸烟可以降低骨质峰值——而骨质在20岁到25岁形成——因此增加他得晚年患骨质疏松的危险。 身高体重比偏低 身高体重比（BMI）偏低是检测人瘦的尺度，也可以用来提示患骨质疏松的危险度。医生认为，BMI在20到25之间是理想值。19以下表明BMI太低，有患骨质疏松的危险。 营养不良、饮食钙摄取量低 营养不良与BMI低紧密相连，它能影响骨骼健康。当饮食中钙的摄取量不足时尤其如此。钙是骨矿物质的基本成分，对肌肉，神经和人体的其它细胞也是十分重要的。 维生素D缺乏 主要通过皮肤暴露在阳光下获得的维生素D十分重要，因为它帮助从肠中吸收的钙进入到血液中。通常，儿童和成人每天把面部、手和胳膊暴露在阳光下10到15分钟就足够了。 饮食失调 饮食失调，如神经性厌食、贪食，也能引起骨质疏松。这些情况都能大大降低钙摄取量，加速骨矿物质流失。 运动量不足 久坐的人比经常运动的人更容易发生髋关节骨折。例如：每天坐9个小时以上的女性，其髋关节骨折的机率比坐6个小时以下的女性高50%。 经常跌跤 90%的髋关节骨折都源于跌跤。视力障碍、丧失平衡、肌肉神经紊乱，痴呆、卧床及老年人中常见的服用安眠药

医学英文缩写一览表

医院日常用品、设备英文单词 Stethoscope[听诊器] Sphygmomanometer (Blood pressure gauge)[血压计] Thermometer[体温表] Tongue depressor (spatula)[压舌板] Needle[针头] Syringe[注射器] Cotton stick (ball)[棉签（球）] Bandage[绷带] Elastic bandage[弹力绷带] Esmarch`s bandage[橡皮绷带] Tourniquet[止血带] Gauze[纱布] Adhesive plaster[橡皮膏] Dressing[敷料] Splint[夹板] Rubber glove[橡皮手套] Sand bag[沙袋] Ice bag[冰袋] Hot water bottle[热水瓶] Bedpan[便盒] Urinal[尿壶] Catheter[导尿管] Rectal tube[肛管] Dilator[扩张器] Gastric tube[胃管] Lavage tube[洗胃管] Oxygen tube (cylinder)[吸氧管] Sengstaken-Blakemore tube[三腔二囊管] Visual testing chart[视力表] Incubator[保温箱] Plaster bed[石膏床] Sheet[被单] Bedding[被褥] Blanket[毛毯] Diaper[尿布] Pillow case[枕套] Bedside table[床头柜] Towel[毛巾] Basin[脸盒] Comb[梳子] Tooth-paste[牙膏] Tooth-brush[牙刷] Rubber cushion[橡皮圈] Air cushion bed[气垫床]

医学英语考试试题

13级本科?英语应用基础?考试题 一、Translate the following words into Chinese 1.营养 2.蛋白质 3.淀粉 4.维生素 5.开处方 6.硝酸盐 7.青霉素 8.口渴 9.糖尿病 10.新陈代谢 11.呕吐 12.病毒 13.腹胀 14.肥胖 15.儿科 16.垂体 17.压力 18.关节炎 19.溃疡

20.瘤 二、Reading comprehension Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches. Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it. At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk

全国医学考博英语试题.doc

2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心

PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.

医学英语汇总

心脏外科常见疾病中英文对照摘要：心脏外科常见疾病中英文名称对照表。

Medical Equipment（医疗器械）ambulance 救护车 ampoule 安瓿 bandage 绷带 cannula 套管，插管 defibrillator 除颤器 dressing 敷料 forceps 钳子 gauze 纱布 mask 口罩 needle 针 scissors 剪刀 syringe 注射器 thermometer 体温计 wipes 棉球 beside rails 床栏 hemostatic forceps 止血钳 ice bag 冰袋 laryngoscope 喉镜 sand bag 沙袋sphygmomanometer 血压计stethoscope 听诊器 pacemaker 起搏器 Medicine(常用药物) Department of a hospital(医院科室) alcohol酒精 ascorbic acid 维生素c aspirin 阿司匹林 capsule胶囊 dextrose 右旋糖，葡萄糖 diazepam安定 dopamine 多巴胺 fursemide呋塞米 penicillin青霉素 blood bank血库 cardiology心内科 cardiovascular surgery心血管外科 in-patient department住院部 laboratory department化验科 nursing department护理部 out-patient department(OPD)门诊registration挂号处 operating-room手术室 waiting-room 候诊室 test tube试管 NURSING 护理 first/second/third class attendance 一级/二级/三级护理 continual oxygen uptake 持续吸氧interrupted oxygen uptake间断吸氧take/check/test blood pressure 测血压take temperature 测体温 hypoglycemia 低血糖症 hyperglycemia 高血糖 hyperlipemia 高血脂

医学英语课文总结

医学英语课文知识总结 1.Seasonal Influenza (P18) Definition: Seasonal influenza is an acute infection caused by the influenza virus. Type: Type A: A1(H1N1) and A3(H3N2) are circulating among human Type B: Only influenza A and B viruses are included in seasonal influenza vaccines Type C: much less frequently than A and B Cause: 1. High risk: People with certain medical conditions, such as chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood or metabolic diseases (such as diabetes), or weakened immune systems 2. Transmission: Spread by breathing in infected droplets Signs and symptoms: high fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise, sore throat and runny nose Treatment: antiviral drugs such as adamantanes and inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase Prevention: vaccinate timely(most effective);covering mouth and nose with tissue when coughing, washing hands regularly 2.Diabetes (P25) Definition:Diabetes is a chornic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin,or alternatively,when thw body cannot effevtively use the insulin it produces. Type: Type 1 diabetes(previously know as insulin-dependent or childhood-onset)is characterized by a lack of insulin production. Type 2 diabetes(fromly called non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset)results from the body's ineffective use of insulin. Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia which is first recognized during pregnancy. Common consequences： Diabetes can damage the heart,blood vessels,eyes,kindneys,and nerves. Such as:retinopathy,neuropathy;tingling;pain;numbness,or weakness in the feet and hands;fool ulcers,even amputation;kidney failure;heart disease;stroke;cardiovascular disease. Prevent: achieve and maintain healthy body weigh;be physically active;blood testing;tabacco cessation; blood pressure control;foot care;morderate blood control, people with type 1 diabetes require insulin,people with type 2 diabetes can be treated with oral medication,but may also require insulin.screening for retinopathy;blood lipid control; screening for early signs of diabetes-related kindney disease. 5.Obesity And Overweight（P70） Defintion:Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.WHO defines “overweight” as a BMI equal to or more than 25 and “obesity” as a BMI equal to or more than 30. Reason: Energy imbalance ,unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Consequence:Cardiovascular disease,diabetes,musculoskeletal disorders,some cancer Prevention: Achieve energy balance and a healthy weight,limit energy intake, fruit,vegetables,legumes,whole grains and nuts.increase physical activity and limit sugar intake

(完整版)医学专业英语翻译及答案

Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、

医学专业英语

汉译英心血管疾病cardiovascular diseases; 脑垂体的功能the function of pituitary; 泌尿道urinary tract; 分子molecule; 动脉artery; 内分泌学endocrinology; 呼吸困难dyspnea; 唾液saliva; 组织学histology; 血液循环blood circulation; 血液学hematology; 生理学physiology; 解剖学anatomy; 女性生殖系统femal reproductive system; 神经细胞nerve cell; 免疫学immunology; 消化不良dyspepsia; 随意肌voluntary muscle; 胚胎学embryology; 心理学psychology; 细胞学cytology; 原生质protoplasm; 细胞膜cell membrane; 细胞核nucleus; 细胞质（浆）cytoplasm; 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid; 能半渗透的semipermeable; 分子生物学molecular biology; 碳水化合物carbohydrate; 有区别性的differentially; 使…完整intact; 根据according to; 遗传特性hereditary trait; 渗滤diffusion; 转换transaction; 蓝图blueprint; 染色体chromosome; 色素pigment; 排出废液excrete waste fluid; 散开disperse; 脉冲信号impulse; 核糖核酸ribonucleic acid; 损害正常功能impair the normal function; 污染环境pollute environment; 功能失调malfunction; 致病因子causative agents; 易受侵害的人群vulnerable groups; 局部化的感染localized infection; 花柳病venereal disease; 抗原与抗体antigen&antibody; 肌电图electromyogram; 多发性硬化multiple sclerosis; 心电图electrocardiograph; 疾病的后遗症sequelea of disease; 光纤技术fiber optic technology; 造血系统hematopoietic system; 致命的疾病fatal disease; 体液body fluid; 无副作用的治疗hazard-free treatment; 无侵犯的实验检查non-invasive laboratory test; 核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance; 葡萄糖耐糖实验the glucose-tolerance test; 乐观的预后optimistic prognosis; 超声波检测法ultrasonography; 病史medical history; 随访活动follow-up visit; 营养不良nutritional deficiency; 使细节显著highlight detail; 脑电图electroencephalogram; 缺血的组织blood-starved tissue; 肌纤维muscle fiber; 随意肌voluntary muscle; 消化道alimentary canal; 肌腹fleshy belly of muscle; 横纹肌striated muscle; 肌肉痉挛cramps of muscle; 肌肉收缩muscle contraction; 肌肉附着点attachment of the muscle; 肌肉放松relaxation of muscle; 动脉出血arterial hemorrhage; 止端insertion;起端origion;供血blood supply; 屈肌flexor; 蛋白分子protein molecule; 纤维结缔组织fibrous connective tissue; 伸肌extensor; 意志力willpower; 横切面transverse section; 起搏器pacemaker; 肌萎缩muscle atrophy; 重症肌无力myasthenia gravis; 弥散性局部缺血diffuse ischemia; 常染色体隐性autosomal recessive; 全身性感染systemic infection; 受累的肌肉muscle involved; 显著相关性significant correlation; 神经末梢nerve terminal; 自体免疫反应autoimmune reaction; 神经支配innervation; 肌营养不良muscular dystrophy; 慢性营养不良chronic mulnutrition; 先天性肌病congenital myopathy; 预期寿命life expectancy; 免疫紊乱immunologic derangemant; 发病高峰年龄the peak age of onset; 胸腺肿瘤thymoma; 呼吸肌受累the involvement of respiratory muscle; 感染性肌炎inflammatory myositic; 去神经支配denervation; 矿物质吸收mineral absorption; 机械应力mechanical stress; 骨基质有机部分the organic parts of bone matrix; 青春期早熟premature puberty; 蛋白溶解酶protein-digesting enzyme; 破骨细胞osteoclast; 松质骨spongy bone; 骨折fracture; 不规则骨irregular bone; 骨骼系统skeletal system; 维生素吸收vitamin absorption; 骨钙丧失the loss of calcium from bone; 生长激素growth hormone;

医学英语_课文翻译

Unit One Text A：Hippocratic Oath, The Medical Ideal 或许在医学史上最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊著名医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人，尊重病人，尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。 作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最著名的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手. 这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的，虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。根据医学历史权威的看法，这个宣言的内容是在公元前四世纪起草的，这使希波克拉底自己起草这个宣言成为可能。无论如何，不管是否是希波克拉底自己起草的（希波克拉底宣言），这个宣言的内容都反映了他在医学伦理上的看法。 作为代表当时希腊观点的唯一一小部分，希波克拉底誓言首次被写时并没有受到很好的欢迎。然而,在那远古时代结束时,医生们开始遵循誓言的条款。当科学医学在罗马帝国衰亡后遭受一显而易见的衰退时，这个誓言,连同希波克拉底医学的指示命令，在西方都几乎被遗忘是有可能的。正是通过东方坚持不懈的探索精神，使得希波克拉底医学信念和希波克拉底宣言得以在这一恶化的时期幸存下来，尤其是通过阿拉伯当局在医学上的著作。希腊医学知识而后在西方基督教复活是通过了阿拉伯文论著和原始希腊文的拉丁文翻译。 到17世纪后期，专业行为标准已经在西方世界建立。被专业组织通过的第一部医学伦理学的法典是由英国内科医生托马斯·珀西瓦尔(1740 - 1804)1794年编写的, 并在1846年被改编和通过了美国医学协会(AMA)。Thomas Percival提出的道德规范为职业医师提供了金标准，主宰着医生们服务他人时的道德权威和独立性以及医生对病人的责任，还有医生的个人荣誉。 6.The seeds had been sown by Hippocrates - or one of his ghost writers. 种子已经被希波克拉底或者他的代笔者们所播种。 7.二战之后，由于在罪犯身上进行骇人听闻的医学实验而违反了医学伦理准则，23位来自行德国纳粹集中营的医生被判有罪。这一事件导致了纽伦堡宣言的诞生（1947），这意味着关于人类受试者的道德治疗的讨论的开启，概述了在医学研究中关于这些受试者权益的道德问题。这反过来导致1948年世界医学协会通过了维也纳宣言的宣誓。 Contemporary dilemmas in the Modern World