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Section 28

Foreign Commerce and Aid

This section presents data on the flow

of goods, services, and capital between the United States and other countries; changes in official reserve assets of the United States; international investments; and foreign assistance programs.

The Bureau of Economic Analysis pub-lishes current figures on U.S. international transactions and the U.S. international investment position in its monthly Survey of Current Business. Statistics for the foreign aid programs are presented by the Agency for International Development (AID) in its annual U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants and Assistance from International Organizations.

The principal source of merchandise import and export data is the

U.S. Census Bureau. Current data are presented monthly in U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services report Series FT 900. The Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics, found on the Census Bureau Web site at

/foreign-trade/guide/index.html>, lists the Census Bureau’s monthly and annual products and services in this field.

In addition, the International Trade Administration and the Bureau of Economic Analysis present summary as well as selected commodity and country data for U.S. foreign trade on their Web sites:

/otea/> and

/international/index>, respectively.

The merchandise trade data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the Survey of Current Business and on the Web include balance of payments adjust-ments to the Census Bureau data.

The U.S. Treasury Department’s Monthly Treasury Statement of Receipts and Outlays of the United States Government contains information on import duties. The International Trade Commission,

U.S. Department of Agriculture (agricul-tural products), U.S. Department of Energy (mineral fuels, like petroleum and coal), and the U.S. Geological Survey (minerals) release various reports and specialized products on U.S. trade.

International accounts—

The international transactions tables (Tables 1285 to 1287) show, for given time periods, the transfer of goods, services, grants, and financial assets and liabilities between the United States and the rest of the world. The international investment position table (Table 1288) presents, for specific dates, the value of U.S. investments abroad and of foreign investments in the United States. The movement of foreign and U.S. capital as presented in the balance of payments

is not the only factor affecting the total value of foreign investments. Among the other factors are changes in the valuation of assets or liabilities, including changes in prices of securities, defaults, expropriations, and write-offs.

Direct investment abroad means the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by one person of 10 percent

or more of the voting securities of an incorporated business enterprise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated business enterprise. Direct investment position is the value of U.S. parents’ claims on the equity of and receivables due from foreign affiliates, less foreign affiliates’ receivables due from their U.S. parents. Income consists of parents’ shares in the earnings of their affiliates plus net interest received by parents on intercompany accounts, less withholding taxes on dividends and interest. Foreign aid—Foreign assistance is divided into three major categories— grants (military supplies and services and other grants), credits, and other assistance (through net accumulation

of foreign currency claims from the sale of agricultural commodities). Grants

are transfers for which no payment is expected (other than a limited percent-age of the foreign currency ‘‘counterpart’’ funds generated by the grant), or which at most involve an obligation on the part

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of the receiver to extend aid to the United States or other countries to achieve a common objective. Credits are loan disbursements or transfers under other agreements which give rise to specific obligations to repay, over a period of years, usually with interest. All known returns to the U.S. government stemming from grants and credits (reverse grants, returns of grants, and payments of principal) are taken into account in net grants and net credits, but no allowance is made for interest or commissions. Other assistance represents the transfer of U.S. farm products in exchange for foreign currencies (plus, since enactment of Public Law 87-128, currency claims from principal and interest collected on credits extended under the farm products program), less the government’s disburse-ments of the currencies as grants, credits, or for purchases. The net acquisition of currencies represents net transfers of resources to foreign countries under the agricultural programs, in addition to those classified as grants or credits.

In 1952, economic, technical, and military aid programs were combined under the Mutual Security Act, which in turn was followed by the Foreign Assistance Act passed in 1961. Appropriations to provide military assistance were also made in the Department of Defense Appropriation

Act (rather than the Foreign Assistance Appropriation Act) beginning in 1966 for certain countries in Southeast Asia and in other legislation concerning programs for specific countries (such as Israel). Figures on activity under the Foreign Assistance Act as reported in the Foreign Grants and Credits series differ from data published by AID or its immediate predecessors, due largely to differences in reporting, timing, and treatment of particular items. Exports—The Census Bureau compiles export data primarily from Shipper’s Export Declarations required to be filed with customs officials for shipments leaving the United States. They include U.S. exports under mutual security programs and exclude shipments to

U.S. Armed Forces for their own use.

The value reported in the export statistics is generally equivalent to a free along-side ship (f.a.s.) value at the U.S. port of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges incurred in placing the merchandise alongside the carrier at the U.S. port of exportation. This value, as defined, excludes the cost of loading merchandise aboard the exporting carrier and also excludes freight, insurance, and any other charges or transportation and other costs beyond the U.S. port of exportation. The country of destination is defined as the country of ultimate destination or country where the merchandise is to be consumed, further processed, or manufactured, as known

to the shipper at the time of exportation. When ultimate destination is not known, the shipment is statistically credited to the last country to which the shipper knows the merchandise will be shipped in the same form as exported.

Effective January 1990, the United States began substituting Canadian import statistics for U.S. exports to Canada. As a result of the data exchange between the United States and Canada, the United States has adopted the Canadian import exemption level for its export statistics based on shipments to Canada.

Data are estimated for shipments valued under $2,501 to all countries, except Canada, using factors based on the ratios of low-valued shipments to individual country totals.

Prior to 1989, exports were based on Schedule B, Statistical Classification

of Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported from the United States. Beginning in 1989, Schedule B classifications are based on the Harmonized System and coincide with

the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3. This revision will affect the comparability of most export series beginning with the 1989 data for commodities.

Imports—The Census Bureau compiles import data from various customs forms required to be filed with customs officials. Data on import values are presented on two valuations bases in this section: The c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) and the customs import value (as appraised by the U.S. Customs Service in accordance

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with legal requirements of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended). This latter valuation, primarily used for collection of import duties, frequently does not reflect the actual transaction value. Country of origin is defined as country where the merchan-dise was grown, mined, or manufactured. If country of origin is unknown, country of shipment is reported.

Imports are classified either as ‘‘General imports’’ or ‘‘Imports for consumption.’’ General imports are a combination of entries for immediate consumption, entries into customs bonded warehouses, and entries into U.S. Foreign Trade Zones, thus generally reflecting total arrivals of merchandise. Imports for consumption

are a combination of entries for immediate consumption, withdrawals from warehouses for consumption,

and entries of merchandise into

U.S. customs territory from U.S. Foreign Trade Zones, thus generally reflecting the total of the commodities entered into

U.S. consumption channels. Beginning in 1989, import statistics are based on the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, which coincides with import Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3. This revision will affect the comparability of most import series beginning with the 1989 data.

Area coverage—Except as noted, the geographic area covered by the export and import trade statistics is the United States Customs area (includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico), the U.S. Virgin Islands (effective January 1981), and U.S. Foreign Trade Zones (effective July 1982). Data for selected tables and total values for 1980 have been revised to reflect the U.S. Virgin Islands’ trade with foreign countries, where possible.

Statistical reliability—For a discussion of statistical collection and estimation, sampling procedures, and measures of statistical reliability applicable to Census Bureau data, see Appendix III.

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T a b l e 1285. U .S . I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a n s a c t i o n s b y T y p e o f T r a n s a c t i o n : 1990 t o 2009

[I n m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s (706,975 r e p r e s e n t s $706,975,000,000). M i n u s s i g n (–) i n d i c a t e s d e b i t s ]

T y p e o f t r a n s a c t i o n 1

19901995200020022003200420052006200720082009E x p o r t s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s a n d i n c o m e r e c e i p t s . . . . . . . . . . .706,9751,004,6311,421,5151,258,4121,340,3531,572,3151,816,4492,135,0042,478,2672,635,5402,159,000 E x p o r t s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s ..............................535,233794,3871,070,597977,4701,019,8971,158,5761,281,1861,452,7831,648,6651,839,0121,570,797 G o o d s , b a l a n c e o f p a y m e n t s b a s i s 2 .........................387,401575,204784,181696,268728,258819,870909,0161,035,8681,160,3661,304,8961,068,499 S e r v i c e s 3 .............................................147,832219,183286,416281,202291,639338,707372,171416,916488,299534,116502,298 T r a n s f e r s u n d e r U .S . m i l i t a r y a g e n c y s a l e s c o n t r a c t s 4 ..........9,93214,6436,0884,6565,9168,87812,16415,67817,21614,93617,096 T r a v e l ................................................43,00763,39582,40066,60564,35974,54681,79985,78996,896109,97693,917 P a s s e n g e r f a r e s ........................................15,29818,90920,68717,04615,89118,85120,97022,03625,64631,40426,424 O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ....................................22,04226,08125,31825,38526,11129,49531,70435,50340,31543,71435,406 R o y a l t i e s a n d l i c e n s e f e e s 5 ...............................16,63430,28943,23344,50846,98856,71564,39570,72784,58093,92089,791 O t h e r p r i v a t e s e r v i c e s 5 ..................................40,25165,048107,904122,207131,563149,262160,051186,028222,434238,932238,332 U .S . g o v e r n m e n t m i s c e l l a n e o u s s e r v i c e s ....................6688187867958109591,0871,1551,2121,2341,333 I n c o m e r e c e i p t s ..........................................171,742210,244350,918280,942320,456413,739535,263682,221829,602796,528588,203 I n c o m e r e c e i p t s o n U .S .-o w n e d a s s e t s a b r o a d .................170,570208,065348,083278,131317,643410,917532,373679,338826,632793,484585,256 D i r e c t i n v e s t m e n t r e c e i p t s ................................65,97395,260151,839145,590186,417250,606294,538324,816370,712403,225346,073 O t h e r p r i v a t e r e c e i p t s ...................................94,072108,092192,398129,238126,529157,313235,120352,122453,687385,353234,458 U .S . g o v e r n m e n t r e c e i p t s ................................10,5254,7133,8463,3034,6972,9982,7152,4002,2334,9064,724 C o m p e n s a t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s ...............................

1,1722,1792,8352,8112,8132,8222,8902,8832,9713,0442,947

I m p o r t s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s a n d i n c o m e p a y m e n t s . . . . . . . . . .–759,290–1,080,124–1,779,241–1,651,538–1,789,227–2,114,441–2,458,268–2,846,159–3,080,813–3,182,368–2,412,489 I m p o r t s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s ..............................–616,097–890,771–1,449,377–1,397,994–1,514,080–1,767,921–1,995,362–2,212,023–2,350,763–2,537,814–1,945,705 G o o d s , b a l a n c e o f p a y m e n t s b a s i s 2 .........................–498,438–749,374–1,230,413–1,171,613–1,269,802–1,485,501–1,692,817–1,875,324–1,983,558–2,139,548–1,575,443 S e r v i c e s 3 .............................................–117,659–141,397–218,964–226,381–244,278–282,420–302,546–336,700–367,206–398,266–370,262 D i r e c t d e f e n s e e x p e n d i t u r e s ..............................–17,531–10,043–12,698–17,417–22,978–26,110–27,676–27,330–27,917–28,311–30,474 T r a v e l ................................................–37,349–44,916–64,705–58,715–57,447–65,750–68,970–72,104–76,331–79,726–73,230 P a s s e n g e r f a r e s ........................................–10,531–14,663–24,274–19,969–20,989–24,718–26,149–27,501–28,437–32,563–25,980 O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ....................................–24,966–27,034–36,712–34,686–40,174–47,752–52,475–53,466–53,513–53,702–41,586 R o y a l t i e s a n d l i c e n s e f e e s 5 ...............................–3,135–6,919–16,468–19,353–19,033–23,266–24,612–23,518–24,931–25,781–25,230 O t h e r p r i v a t e s e r v i c e s 5 ..................................–22,229–35,199–61,223–73,321–80,526–91,046–98,684–128,760–151,894–173,686–168,892 U .S . g o v e r n m e n t m i s c e l l a n e o u s s e r v i c e s ....................–1,919–2,623–2,883–2,920–3,131–3,778–3,979–4,021–4,184–4,497–4,871 I n c o m e p a y m e n t s ........................................–143,192–189,353–329,864–253,544–275,147–346,519–462,905–634,136–730,049–644,554–466,783 I n c o m e p a y m e n t s o n f o r e i g n -o w n e d a s s e t s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ....–139,728–183,090–322,345–245,164–266,635–337,556–453,615–624,646–719,983–634,190–456,027 D i r e c t i n v e s t m e n t p a y m e n t s ..............................–3,450–30,318–56,910–43,244–73,750–99,754–121,333–150,770–129,134–115,538–94,010 O t h e r p r i v a t e p a y m e n t s ..................................–95,508–97,149–180,918–127,012–119,051–155,266–228,408–338,897–426,501–352,053–218,020 U .S . g o v e r n m e n t p a y m e n t s ...............................–40,770–55,623–84,517–74,908–73,834–82,536–103,874–134,979–164,348–166,599–143,997 C o m p e n s a t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s ...............................–3,464–6,263–7,519–8,380–8,512–8,963–9,290–9,490–10,066–10,364–10,757

U n i l a t e r a l c u r r e n t t r a n s f e r s , n e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–26,654–38,074–58,645–64,948–71,794–88,362–105,772–91,481–115,548–122,026–124,943

U .S . g o v e r n m e n t g r a n t s 4 ...................................–10,359–11,190–16,714–17,097–22,173–23,823–33,647–27,733–34,437–36,003–41,638 U .S . g o v e r n m e n t p e n s i o n s a n d o t h e r t r a n s f e r s ..................–3,224–3,451–4,705–5,125–5,341–6,264–6,303–6,508–7,323–8,390–8,874 P r i v a t e r e m i t t a n c e s a n d o t h e r t r a n s f e r s 6 .......................

–13,070–23,433–37,226–42,726–44,280–58,275–65,822–57,240–73,788–77,633

–74,431

S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b l e .

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T a b l e 1285. U .S . I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a n s a c t i o n s b y T y p e o f T r a n s a c t i o n : 1990 t o 2009—C o n .

[I n m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s (706,975 r e p r e s e n t s $706,975,000,000). M i n u s s i g n (–) i n d i c a t e s d e b i t s ]

T y p e o f t r a n s a c t i o n 119901995200020022003200420052006200720082009C a p i t a l a c c o u n t t r a n s a c t i o n s , n e t ...........................................–7,220–222–1–141–1,8213,04913,116–1,7883846,010–140U .S .-o w n e d a s s e t s a b r o a d , e x c l. fi n a n c i a l d e r i v a t i v e s (i n c r e a s e /fi n a n c i a l o u t fl o w (–)) ....–81,234–352,264–560,523–294,646–325,424–1,000,870–546,631–1,285,729–1,475,719156,077–140,465 U .S . o f fi c i a l r e s e r v e a s s e t s ...............................................–2,158–9,742–290–3,6811,5232,80514,0962,374–122–4,848–52,256 S p e c i a l d r a w i n g r i g h t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–192–808–722–475601–3984,511–223–154–106–48,230 R e s e r v e p o s i t i o n i n t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l M o n e t a r y F u n d ..........................731–2,4662,308–2,6321,4943,82610,2003,3311,021–3,473–3,357 F o r e i g n c u r r e n c i e s .....................................................–2,697–6,468–1,876–574–572–623–615–734–989–1,269–669 U .S . g o v e r n m e n t a s s e t s , o t h e r t h a n o f fi c i a l r e s e r v e a s s e t s .......................2,317–984–9413455371,7105,5395,346–22,273–529,615541,342 U .S . c r e d i t s a n d o t h e r l o n g -t e r m a s s e t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–8,410–4,859–5,182–5,251–7,279–3,044–2,255–2,992–2,475–2,202–4,069 R e p a y m e n t s o n U .S . c r e d i t s a n d o t h e r l o n g -t e r m a s s e t s 7 ......................10,8564,1254,2655,7017,9814,7165,6038,3294,1042,3542,133 U .S . f o r e i g n c u r r e n c y h o l d i n g s a n d U .S . s h o r t -t e r m a s s e t s ......................–130–250–24–105–165382,1919–23,902–529,766543,278 U .S . p r i v a t e a s s e t s ......................................................–81,393–341,538–559,292–291,310–327,484–1,005,385–566,266–1,293,449–1,453,324690,540–629,552 D i r e c t i n v e s t m e n t ......................................................–37,183–98,750–159,212–154,460–149,564–316,223–36,235–244,922–413,993–351,141–268,680 F o r e i g n s e c u r i t i e s .....................................................–28,765–122,394–127,908–48,568–146,722–170,549–251,199–365,129–366,512197,897–208,213 U .S . c l a i m s o n u n a f fi l i a t e d f o r e i g n e r s r e p o r t e d b y U .S . n o n b a n k i n g c o n c e r n s .......–27,824–45,286–138,790–50,022–18,184–152,566–71,207–181,299–23,089421,153124,428 U .S . c l a i m s r e p o r t e d b y U .S . b a n k s a n d s e c u r i t i e s b r o k e r s ......................12,379–75,108–133,382–38,260–13,014–366,047–207,625–502,099–649,730422,631–277,087F o r e i g n -o w n e d a s s e t s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , e x c l u d i n g fi n a n c i a l d e r i v a t i v e s (i n c r e a s e / fi n a n c i a l i n fl o w (+)) ......................................................139,357435,1021,038,224795,161858,3031,533,2011,247,3472,065,1692,107,655454,722305,736 F o r e i g n o f fi c i a l a s s e t s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ...................................33,910109,88042,758115,945278,069397,755259,268487,939481,043550,770450,030 U .S . g o v e r n m e n t s e c u r i t i e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30,24372,71235,71090,971224,874314,941213,334428,401269,897591,381441,056 O t h e r U .S . g o v e r n m e n t l i a b i l i t i e s ..........................................1,868–105–1,825137–723–134–4212,8165,4368,91257,971 U .S . l i a b i l i t i e s r e p o r t e d b y U .S . b a n k s a n d s e c u r i t i e s b r o k e r s ....................3,38534,0085,74621,22148,64369,24526,26022,365109,019–153,423–70,851 O t h e r f o r e i g n o f fi c i a l a s s e t s ..............................................–1,5863,2653,1273,6165,27513,70320,09534,35796,691103,90021,854 O t h e r f o r e i g n a s s e t s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ....................................105,447325,222995,466679,216580,2341,135,446988,0791,577,2301,626,612–96,048–144,294 D i r e c t i n v e s t m e n t ......................................................48,49457,776321,27484,37263,750145,966112,638243,151271,210328,334134,707 U .S . T r e a s u r y s e c u r i t i e s .................................................–2,53491,544–69,983100,40391,45593,608132,300–58,22966,845161,41122,781 U .S . s e c u r i t i e s o t h e r t h a n U .S . T r e a s u r y s e c u r i t i e s ............................1,59277,249459,889283,299220,705381,493450,386683,245605,414–166,49059 U .S . c u r r e n c y .........................................................16,5868,840–3,35718,86110,59113,3018,4472,227–10,67529,18712,632 U .S . l i a b i l i t i e s t o u n a f fi l i a t e d f o r e i g n e r s r e p o r t e d b y U .S . n o n b a n k i n g c o n c e r n s ......45,13359,637170,67295,87196,526165,87269,572244,793182,355–36,522–1,460 U .S . l i a b i l i t i e s r e p o r t e d b y U .S . b a n k s a n d s e c u r i t i e s b r o k e r s ....................–3,82430,176116,97196,41097,207335,206214,736462,043511,463–411,968–313,013F i n a n c i a l d e r i v a t i v e s , n e t ..................................................(N A )(N A )(N A )(N A )(N A )(N A )(N A )29,7106,222–32,94750,804S t a t i s t i c a l d i s c r e p a n c y ....................................................28,06630,951–61,329–42,300–10,39195,10733,758–4,72779,55284,991162,497B a l a n c e o n g o o d s .......................................................–111,037–174,170–446,233–475,345–541,544–665,631–783,801–839,456–823,192–834,652–506,944B a l a n c e o n s e r v i c e s .....................................................30,17377,78667,45354,82147,36156,28669,62580,216121,093135,850132,036B a l a n c e o n g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–80,864–96,384–378,780–420,524–494,183–609,345–714,176–759,240–702,099–698,802–374,908B a l a n c e o n i n c o m e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28,55020,89121,05427,39845,30967,21972,35848,08599,553151,974121,419U n i l a t e r a l c u r r e n t t r a n s f e r s , n e t .............................................–26,654–38,074–58,645–64,948–71,794–88,362–105,772–91,481–115,548–122,026–124,943B a l a n c e o n c u r r e n t a c c o u n t ................................................–78,968–113,567–416,371–458,074–520,668–630,488–747,590–802,636–718,094–668,854–378,432N A N o t a v a i l a b l e . 1 C r e d i t s , +: E x p o r t s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s a n d i n c o m e r e c e i p t s ; u n i l a t e r a l c u r r e n t t r a n s f e r s t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ; c a p i t a l a c c o u n t t r a n s a c t i o n s r e c e i p t s ; fi n a n c i a l i n fl o w s —i n c r e a s e i n f o r e i g n -o w n e d a s s e t s (U .S . l i a b i l i t i e s ) o r d e c r e a s e i n U .S .-o w n e d a s s e t s (U .S . c l a i m s ). D e b i t s , –: I m p o r t s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s a n d i n c o m e p a y m e n t s ; u n i l a t e r a l c u r r e n t t r a n s f e r s t o f o r e i g n e r s ; c a p i t a l a c c o u n t t r a n s a c t i o n s p a y m e n t s ; fi n a n c i a l o u t fl o w s —d e c r e a s e i n f o r e i g n -o w n e d a s s e t s (U .S . l i a b i l i t i e s ) o r i n c r e a s e i n U .S .-o w n e d a s s e t s (U .S . c l a i m s ). 2 S e e T a b l e 2 f o o t n o t e s f o r e x p l a n a t i o n s o f t h e v a r i o u s b a l a n c e o f p a y m e n t s a d j u s t m e n t s m a d e t o c o n v e r t g o o d s o n a C e n s u s -b a s i s t o g o o d s o n a b a l a n c e o f p a y m e n t s b a s i s . T h e a d j u s t m e n t s a r e m a d e t o i m p r o v e c o v e r a g e , e l i m i n a t e d u p l i c a t i o n a n d a l i g n t h e g o o d s d a t a w i t h n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l a c c o u n t i n g g u i d e l i n e s . 3 I n c l u d e s s o m e g o o d s : M a i n l y m i l i t a r y e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s i n l i n e s 5 a n d 22 t h a t a r e c o m m i n g l e d i n t h e s o u r c e d a t a a n d c a n n o t b e s e p a r a t e l y i d e n t i fi e d . B e g i n n i n g w i t h s t a t i s t i c s f o r 1999, l i n e 5 e x c l u d e s e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s e x p o r t e d u n d e r t h e U .S . F o r e i g n M i l i t a r y S a l e s p r o g r a m t h a t c a n b e s e p a r a t e l y i d e n t i fi e d , a n d l i n e 22 e x c l u d e s p e t r o l e u m p u r c h a s e s a b r o a d b y U .S . m i l i t a r y a g e n c i e s t h a t c a n b e s e p a r a t e l y i d e n t i fi e d . 4 I n c l u d e s t r a n s f e r s o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s u n d e r U .S . m i l i t a r y g r a n t p r o g r a m s . 5 B e g i n n i n g i n 1982, t h e s e l i n e s a r e p r e s e n t e d o n a g r o s s b a s i s . T h e d e fi n i t i o n o f e x p o r t s i s r e v i s e d t o e x c l u d e U .S . p a r e n t s ’p a y m e n t s t o f o r e i g n a f fi l i a t e s a n d t o i n c l u d e U .S . a f fi l i a t e s ’ r e c e i p t s f r o m f o r e i g n p a r e n t s . T h e d e fi n i t i o n o f i m p o r t s i s r e v i s e d t o i n c l u d e U .S . p a r e n t s ’ p a y m e n t s t o f o r e i g n a f fi l i a t e s a n d t o e x c l u d e U .S . a f fi l i a t e s ’ r e c e i p t s f r o m f o r e i g n p a r e n t s . 6 B e g i n n i n g i n 1982, t h e “o t h e r t r a n s f e r s ” c o m p o n e n t i n c l u d e s t a x e s p a i d b y U .S . p r i v a t e r e s i d e n t s t o f o r e i g n g o v e r n m e n t s a n d t a x e s p a i d b y p r i v a t e n o n r e s i d e n t s t o t h e U .S . G o v e r n m e n t . 7 I n c l u d e s s a l e s o f f o r e i g n o b l i g a t i o n s t o f o r e i g n e r s .S o u r c e : U .S . B u r e a u o f E c o n o m i c A n a l y s i s , S u r v e y o f C u r r e n t B u s i n e s s , J u l y 2010. S e e a l s o .

794 Foreign Commerce and Aid

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Import

Export

Import

Export

Billions of dollars Billions of dollars Figure 28.2

T op U.S. Trading Partners—Imports, Exports: 2009

Figure 28.1

U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: 2005 to 2009

50100150200250300

350Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Census Bureau. For data, see Table 1299.

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2009

2008200720062005

Foreign Commerce and Aid 795

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Table 1286. U.S. Balances on International Transactions by Area and Selected Country: 2008 and 2009

[In millions of dollars (–834,652 represents –$834,652,000,000). Minus sign (–) indicates debits]

Area or Country

2008, balance on—

2009, balance on—

Goods 1Services Income

Current account Goods 1Services Income Current account All areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .–834,652135,850151,974–668,854–506,944132,036121,419–378,432Europe ..............................–118,32451,81969,573–5,302–70,97640,99256,89013,956 European Union ......................–98,47344,96866,5838,073–59,86938,62248,77422,921 Euro Area 2 ........................–79,92420,51765,659197–50,18122,02159,61526,457 Germany .........................–43,591–6,0899,229–40,520–28,096–6,464–3,041–38,169 Italy .............................–20,9101,4374,225–15,598–14,2865904,630–9,477 Netherlands .......................18,0776,20039,07763,52016,0844,54740,62960,526 United Kingdom ....................–5,66916,330–1,49510,872–1,40312,251–9,5432,632Canada .............................–80,38319,55533,981–28,596–22,44719,65919,80514,541Latin America, other Western Hemisphere ..–92,18517,78943,987–63,874–48,25015,25250,971–9,077 Mexico .............................–68,3418,352–127–73,946–49,5288,165–847–55,141 Venezuela ..........................–38,9264,1411,335–33,567–18,8114,2092,927–11,700Asia and Pacific ......................–399,29938,075–40,239–426,072–311,64847,007–42,021–335,175 Australia ...........................11,5725,86110,25327,04911,5126,5698,36126,019 China 3 .............................–267,8315,580–42,651–307,736–226,7887,431–41,551–263,639 Hong Kong ..........................15,627–2,5382,50015,46817,878–9021,90818,710 India ...............................–7,992–2,2681,699–11,374–4,793–2,4151,646–8,536 Japan 4 .............................–75,43916,642–32,127

–91,478–44,97818,474–23,393–50,604 Korea, South ........................–12,5614,326828–8,141–10,1854,3211,213–5,526 Singapore ..........................11,5135,39613,31830,1676,2355,5466,24717,974 Taiwan 3 ............................–10,689–81–2,976–14,200–9,3011,566–4,463–12,667Middle East ..........................–59,2242,930–2,129–71,581–15,7012,949–3,172–27,347Africa ..............................–85,2383,783

7,117–83,994–37,9223,5455,325–41,803International and unallocated ............

(X)1,899

39,685

10,564(X)2,63333,6226,473

X Not applicable. 1 Adjusted to balance of payments basis; excludes exports under U.S. military sales contracts and imports

under direct defense expenditures. 2 See footnote 3, table 1353. 3 See footnote 4, T able 1331. 4 Includes Ryukyu Islands.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business , July 2010. See also .

Table 1287. Private International Service Transactions by Selected Type of Service and Selected Country: 2000 to 2009

[In millions of dollars (279,542 represents $279,542,000,000). For all transactions, see T able 1285]

Type of Service and country

Exports Imports

20002005200820092000200520082009 Private services, total .....................

279,542358,919517,946483,869203,383270,891365,459334,917

TYPE OF SERVICE

Travel .....................................82,40081,799109,97693,91764,70568,97079,72673,230 Passenger fares .............................20,68720,97031,40426,42424,27426,14932,56325,980 Other transportation .........................25,31831,70443,71435,40636,71252,47553,70241,586 Freight ...................................12,54715,95222,15317,24727,38843,55942,04629,341 Port services ..............................12,77115,75221,56118,1599,3248,91611,65612,245 Royalties and license fees .....................43,23364,39593,92089,79116,46824,61225,78125,230 Other private services ........................107,904160,051238,932238,33261,22398,684173,686168,892 By type: 1 Education ................................10,34814,02117,93819,9112,0323,9925,1735,583 Financial services .........................(NA)(NA)60,79855,446(NA)(NA)20,15416,454 Insurance services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,6317,56613,53814,651

11,284

28,710

56,107

55,233

AREA AND COUNTRY

Europe .....................................106,139150,246225,449199,19188,534119,359161,665145,254

European Union .............................92,981130,946195,282171,82876,672102,578138,943121,373 Euro Area ................................56,00375,994118,443106,28044,89259,28887,60773,165 Belgium .................................2,5903,1854,2553,8391,9972,1053,2663,304 Luxembourg ..............................6831,5673,0122,319287501910860 France ..................................10,46112,61717,95016,25210,46711,86115,43113,425 Germany ................................15,58420,42727,61824,27112,21118,44126,13122,661 Italy ....................................5,3997,02510,0268,4795,0485,9477,3466,512 Netherlands ..............................6,9748,46214,66911,8335,5417,4048,4047,244 United Kingdom ............................31,66044,68261,09351,04227,85634,20143,81438,101Canada ....................................24,44332,40944,65742,00517,83521,89524,79922,020Latin America, other Western Hemisphere .........53,96860,64393,84388,31237,52150,67675,90972,975 Mexico ....................................14,24320,14923,73721,82710,75713,99915,23713,517Asia and Pacific ..............................77,31595,648125,628125,43749,54564,87988,11978,948 Australia ...................................5,5247,52211,87812,2273,4064,5485,9445,676 China 2 ....................................5,0098,39415,04615,6613,1666,1549,4458,204 India ......................................2,5325,06810,1539,9401,8824,95812,46212,377 Japan .....................................32,80940,49241,85840,86916,36120,37923,73320,773 Korea, South ...............................6,9219,56312,87412,6184,5845,8657,2536,441 Taiwan 2 ...................................4,6085,7916,1846,4884,1526,4096,5335,139Middle East .................................6,7198,83715,59715,7693,3105,1177,8938,625Africa ......................................4,8966,0989,84010,3722,6903,8885,9256,831 South Africa ................................1,3911,4102,0452,2427989151,4321,490International organizations and unallocated ........6,0625,0372,9332,782

3,9485,0761,152266

NA not available. 1 Royalties and license fees and “other private services” by detailed type of service include both affiliated and

unaffiliated transactions. Additional historical estimates for royalties and license fees and “other private services” by detailed type that include only unaffiliated transactions are available in table 3b. 2 See footnote 4, T able 1331.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business . See also .

796 Foreign Commerce and Aid

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Table 1289. U.S. Reserve Assets: 1990 to 2009

[In billions of dollars (83.3 represents $83,300,000,000). As of end of year, except as indicated]Type

1990

20002003200420052006200720082009 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 .3 67 .6 85 .9 86 .8 65 .1 65 .9 70 .677 .6130 .8Gold stock ..................11.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.011.011.0Special drawing rights .........11.0 10.5 12.6 13.6 8.2 8.9 9.59.357.8Foreign currencies ............52.2 31.2 39.7 42.7 37.8 40.9 45.849.650.5Reserve position in IMF 1 .......

9.1 14.8 22.5 19.5 8.0 5.0 4.27.711.4

International Monetary Fund.

Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Treasury Bulletin , quarterly. See also .

Table 1288. International Investment Position by Type of Investment: 2000 to 2009

[In billions of dollars (-1,337 represents -$1,337,000,000,000). Estimates for end of year; subject to considerable error due to nature of basic data. Unless otherwise specified, types below refer to current-cost method. For information on current-cost method and market value, see article cited in source]

Type of investment

200020042005200620072008 2009,

https://www.docsj.com/doc/ef16482000.html, international investment position of the United States . .–1,337

–2,253

–1,932

–2,192

–1,916

–3,494–2,738 Financial derivatives, net 1 ............................(X)(X)586071160128 Net international investment position, excluding financial derivatives .......................................–1,337–2,253–1,990–2,251–1,987–3,654–2,866U .S .-owned assets abroad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6,2399,34111,96214,42818,34019,24518,379 Financial derivatives (gross positive fair value) 1 ...........(X)(X)1,1901,2392,5596,1273,512 U.S.-owned assets abroad, excluding financial derivatives ...6,2399,34110,77213,18915,78113,11714,867 U.S. official reserve assets ...........................128190188220277294404 Gold 2 ...........................................72114134165218227284 Special drawing rights ..............................1114899958 Reserve position in the International Monetary Fund ......1520854811 Foreign currencies .................................31423841454950 U.S. government assets, other than official reserve assets ...858378729462483 U.S. credits and other long-term assets 3 ...............83807772707072 U.S. foreign currency holdings and U.S. short-term assets 4 .33112455411 U.S. private assets ..................................6,0259,06810,50612,89715,40912,20014,380 Direct investment at current cost .....................1,5322,4982,6522,9483,5533,7434,051 Foreign securities .................................2,4263,5454,3295,6046,8353,9865,471 Bonds .........................................5739851,0121,2761,5871,2371,494 Corporate stocks .................................1,8532,5603,3184,3295,2482,7483,977 U.S. claims on unaffiliated foreigners reported by U.S.

nonbanking concerns .............................8377941,0181,1841,174795794 U.S. claims reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers, not included elsewhere ............................1,2322,2312,5073,1603,8473,6764,064Foreign-owned assets in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . .7,57611,594

13,89416,62020,25622,73921,117 Financial derivatives (gross negative fair value) 1 ..........(X)(X)1,1321,1792,4885,9683,384 Foreign-owned assets in the Unites States, excluding

financial derivatives ................................7,57611,59412,76215,44117,76816,77117,733 Foreign official assets in the United States ...............1,0372,0202,3132,8333,4123,9404,374 U.S. government securities ..........................7561,5101,7252,1672,5403,2643,592 U.S. Treasury securities ...........................6401,2521,3411,5581,7372,4012,871 Other ..........................................116258385609803864721 Other U.S. government liabilities .....................26242326324199 U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks and securities

brokers, not included elsewhere .....................153270297297406253187 Other foreign official assets .........................102215269343434383495 Other foreign assets ................................6,5399,57410,44812,60814,35612,83113,359 Direct investment at current cost ......................1,4211,7431,9062,1542,4112,5212,673 U.S. Treasury securities .............................382562644568640851826 U.S. securities other than U.S. Treasury securities ........2,6233,9964,3535,3726,1904,6215,287 Corporate and other bonds .........................1,0692,0352,2432,8253,2892,7712,841 Corporate stocks .................................1,5541,9602,1102,5472,9011,8502,446 U.S. currency .....................................205272280283272301314 U.S. liabilities to unaffiliated foreigners reported by U.S. nonbanking concerns ..........................739600658799865732665 U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks and securities

brokers, not included elsewhere .....................1,1692,4022,6073,4313,9793,8053,594Memoranda: ........................................ Direct investment abroad at market value ................2,6943,3633,6384,4705,2753,1044,303 Direct investment in the United States at market value ......

2,783

2,717

2,818

3,293

3,597

2,553

3,121

X Not applicable. 1 A break in series in 2005 reflects the introduction of U.S. Department of the T reasury data on financial

derivatives. 2 U.S. official gold stock is valued at market price. 3 Also includes paid-in capital subscriptions to international financial institutions and resources provided to foreigners under foreign assistance programs requiring repayment over several years. Excludes World War I debts that are not being serviced. 4 Beginning in 2007, includes foreign-currency-denominated assets obtained through temporary reciprocal currency arrangements between the Federal Reserve System and foreign central banks.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business , July 2010. See also .

Table 1290. Foreign Direct Investment Position in the United States on a Historical-Cost Basis by Selected Country, 2000 to 2009, and by Industry, 2009 [In millions of dollars (1,256,867 represents $1,256,867,000,000). Foreign direct investment is defined as the ownership or control, directly or indirectly, by one foreign entity (as used here, “entity” is synonymous with “person” as the term is used in a broad legal sense including any individual, branch, partnership, association, trust, corporation, or government) of 10 percent or more of the voting interest of a U.S. business enterprise. Data are based on surveys of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies]

Country

2000200520072008

2009

T otal 1

Manufac-

turing

Wholesale

trade

Finance 2

and insur-

ance

All countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,256,8671,634,1212,055,1762,165,7482,319,585790,568328,430293,204 Canada ......................114,309165,667205,381194,140225,83660,9243,86154,792 Europe 3......................887,0141,154,0481,478,3831,555,2081,685,279609,358171,114243,460 Austria ......................3,0072,4252,6962,9472,8681,386701–1 Belgium .....................14,78710,02424,47923,06638,54119,2116,8101,449 Denmark ....................4,0256,1174,7964,8835,2463,5721,046(Z) Finland ......................8,8755,9384,7297,3417,6284,3432,258–1 France ......................125,740114,260153,713157,172189,28581,83512,05432,391 Germany ....................122,412177,176213,159201,424218,15379,28613,31741,130 Ireland ......................25,52317,46526,94326,14632,61018,593–14810,099 Italy ........................6,5767,72512,72218,6859,6931,0632,000(D) Luxembourg ..................58,93079,680120,945118,283127,76850,3943,3878,075 Netherlands ..................138,894156,602189,469199,137237,95982,82227,11650,627 Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,6659,8107,6448,8737,260–2953,067(Z) Spain .......................5,0687,47227,70539,14243,9014,102893,215 Sweden .....................21,99122,26943,17135,84338,92928,8727,287264 Switzerland ..................64,719133,387151,513164,534189,37197,4009,33139,447 United Kingdom ...............277,613371,350424,046454,328453,875106,21782,05353,156 Latin America and other Western

Hemisphere 3.................53,69157,17549,82846,13027,8649,54813,912–32,855 South and Central America 3 .....13,38422,50715,39016,53917,7333,0496,436210 Brazil ......................8822,0511,753–294–647–2,820(D)(D) Mexico .....................7,4623,5957,6889,44411,3615,40871847 Panama ....................3,81910,9839328221,045245–90194 Venezuela ..................7925,2924,1814,5674,85044(D)3 Other Western Hemisphere 3 ....40,30734,66834,43829,59110,1316,4997,476–33,065 Bermuda ...................18,3362,147–2,6764,116–13,1811,501234–24,053 Netherlands Antilles. . . . . . . . . . .3,8075,5315,4285,7527,35496(D)–3 U.K. Islands, Caribbean ........15,19123,06334,58824,40117,5294,544(D)(D) Other ......................1,7193,277–3,503–4,745–2,037277244(D) Africa ........................2,7002,3411,5352,3091,689894374 Middle East 3 ..................6,5068,30614,89617,24217,6144,1936,086415 Israel .......................3,0124,2316,2947,2847,3064,120417(D) Saudi Arabia .................(D)(D)(D)(D)(D)8(D)2 Asia and Pacific 3...............192,647246,585305,154350,718361,303106,456133,02127,389 Australia .....................18,77536,39237,51440,62645,6636,9582112,961 Hong Kong ...................1,4933,4673,7273,9663,8361,6301,4625 India ........................961,4972,7353,8864,366275–49(Z) Japan .......................159,690189,851229,408259,753264,20876,636118,21622,383 Korea, South .................3,1106,07712,87012,13212,0201,7969,685(D) Singapore ...................5,0873,33811,71623,07422,893(D)200(D) Taiwan 4 .....................3,1743,7314,3063,9174,2111,4531,493(D)

D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. Z Less than $500,000. 1 Includes other industries not shown separately. 2 Excludes depository institutions 3 Includes other countries, not shown separately. 4 See footnote 4, T able 1331.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 2009, and previous issues. For most recent copy and previous issues, see .

Table 1291. U.S. Majority-Owned Affiliates of Foreign Companies—Selected Financial and Operating Data by Industry of Affiliate: 2007

[In millions of dollars, except as indicated (12,012,130 represents $12,012,130,000,000). Preliminary. A majority-owned U.S. affili-ate is a U.S. business enterprise in which a foreign entity (as used here, “entity” is synonymous with “person” as the term is used in a broad legal sense including any individual, branch, partnership, association, trust, corporation, or government) has a direct or indirect voting interest greater than 50 percent]

Industry

2002

NAICS

Code T otal

assets Sales

Employ-

ment

(1,000)

Employee

compen-

sation

Gross

property,

plant, and

equip-

ment

Mer-

chandise

exports

Mer-

chandise

imports

All industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(X)12,012,1303,277,1675,519 .5403,6061,283,009215,554533,430 Manufacturing 1 ..................31–331,343,4581,195,8071,998.2159,595508,523125,703200,759 Petroleum and coal products .......324100,636182,72038.65,48657,613(D) 49,991 Chemicals .....................325354,097266,946304.636,007121,80530,20932,605 Computers and electronic products ..33482,07156,362134.610,22722,50213,47614,310 Transportation equipment .........336245,112247,001408.329,11284,72034,22859,134 Wholesale trade ..................42613,345895,917620.351,019258,97880,214316,993 Retail trade .....................44–4569,024144,431534.518,25543,6206736,300 Information ......................51234,30190,292238.122,13850,268893415 Finance and insurance ............52, exc.8,834,038561,864378.563,15464,332(D) (D) Real estate and rental and leasing ...53128,01530,45931.01,87599,12617(D) Professional, scientific, and technical

services .......................54111,93371,646234.121,67214,121532491 Other industries ..................(X)678,015286,7511,484.865,898244,041(D) 8,246 X Not applicable. D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1 Includes industries not shown separately.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, November 2009, and Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Operations of U .S .Affiliates of Foreign Companies, Preliminary 2007 Estimates. For more information:

Foreign Commerce and Aid 797 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Table 1292. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States—Property, Plant, and Equipment and Employment of Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies by State: 2002 and 2007

[Gross book value of property, plant, and equipment in millions of dollars (1,035,916 represents $1,035,916,000,000); employment in thousands (5,570.4 represents 5,570,400). A U.S. majority-owned affiliate is a U.S. business enterprise in which a foreign entity (as used here, “entity” is synonymous with “person” as the term is used in a broad legal sense including any individual, branch, partnership, association, trust, corporation, or government) has a direct or indirect voting interest greater than 50 percent.]

State and other area Gross book value of property,

plant, and equipment

(mil. dol.)

Employment

20022007

2002

(1,000)

2007

T otal

(1,000)

Percentage of

total employ-

ment in the

state or area 1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,035,9161,283,0095,570 .45,519 .5 4 .7 Alabama ...................15,52021,96575.180.5 4.8

Alaska .....................30,05234,33612.611.7 4.8 Arizona ....................(D)13,11957.672.3 3.1 Arkansas ...................4,8725,04135.734.5 3.4 California ...................89,193110,214635.3605.6 4.6 Colorado ...................13,026(D)77.781.2 4.0 Connecticut .................(D)13,615(D)99.0 6.6 Delaware ...................6,2524,33723.627.87.3 District of Columbia ...........5,1355,48917.516.0 3.3 Florida .....................28,99333,647258.3245.8 3.4 Georgia ....................(D)(D)191.4177.0 5.0 Hawaii .....................(D)6,167(D)30.8 5.9 Idaho ......................2,1312,03512.513.7 2.4 Illinois ......................41,86249,207281.5268.1 5.1 Indiana .....................27,991(D)133.3144.1 5.5 Iowa .......................5,7768,40636.643.5 3.3 Kansas .....................5,2388,01134.952.8 4.6 Kentucky ...................24,09128,27288.490.0 5.7 Louisiana ...................26,99330,70150.552.4 3.3 Maine ......................5,5116,25231.727.7 5.3 Maryland ...................(D)13,538(D)106.1 4.9 Massachusetts ...............(D)26,272(D)178.4 6.0 Michigan ...................(D)22,681(D)150.4 4.1 Minnesota ..................9,80516,27688.194.3 3.9 Mississippi ..................5,09710,96225.824.5 2.6 Missouri ....................14,484(D)91.581.2 3.4 Montana ....................1,8243,194 5.97.7 2.1 Nebraska ...................1,840(D)18.723.7 2.9 Nevada ....................(D)9,68125.934.3 2.9 New Hampshire ..............(D)5,131(D)37.5 6.6 New Jersey .................30,95638,811230.1225.3 6.5 New Mexico .................(D)4,05413.016.1 2.4 New Y ork ...................68,31082,623440.8433.6 5.8 North Carolina ...............(D)29,553(D)211.7 6.0 North Dakota ................1,1001,4617.47.8 2.7 Ohio .......................32,12442,938214.2229.5 4.8 Oklahoma ..................7,43410,14233.932.6 2.6 Oregon .....................(D)10,14251.344.3 2.9 Pennsylvania ................(D)37,822(D)261.5 5.0 Rhode Island ................(D)5,350(D)25.5 5.9 South Carolina ...............21,573(D)133.1112.8 6.9 South Dakota ................6851,1847.6 6.4 1.9 T ennessee ..................16,79522,467130.7139.0 5.7 T exas ......................88,116119,255353.0418.5 4.7 Utah .......................10,6126,41332.336.6 3.4 Vermont ....................1,2861,45611.19.8 3.7 Virginia .....................(D)(D)142.2157.0 5.0 Washington .................(D)22,40084.790.1 3.6 West Virginia ................7,3886,60522.721.1 3.5 Wisconsin ..................16,10314,520107.181.8 3.3 Wyoming ...................10,55111,4978.510.5 4.6 Puerto Rico .................2,5832,97419.821.9(NA) Other U.S. areas .............(D)73,48010.213.1(NA) Foreign ....................2,3282,3940.30.2(NA) Unspecified 2 ................66,34192,253(NA)(NA)(NA)

D Suppressed to avoid the disclosure of data of individual companies. NA Not available. 1 The data on total employment in the state or area that is used to calculate the shares shown in this table are equal to employment in private industries less employment of private households. For consistency with the coverage of the private-industry employment data, U.S.-affiliate employment in Puerto Rico, in “other U.S. areas,” and in “foreign” was excluded from the U.S.-affiliate employment total when the percentage shares were computed. 1. The data on total employment in the state or area that is used to calculate the shares shown in this table are equal to employment in private industries less employment of private households. For consistency with the coverage of the private-industry employment data, U.S.-affiliate employment in Puerto Rico, in “other U.S. areas,” and in “foreign” was excluded from the U.S.-affiliate employment total when the percentage shares were computed. 2 Covers property, plant, and equipment not located in a particular state, including aircraft, railroad rolling stock, satellites, undersea cable, and trucks engaged in interstate transportation.

798 Foreign Commerce and Aid

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Table 1293. U.S. Businesses Acquired or Established by Foreign Direct Investors—Investment Outlays by Industry of U.S. Business Enterprise

and Country of Ultimate Beneficial Owner: 2000 to 2008

[In millions of dollars (335,629 represents $335,629,000,000). Foreign direct investment is the ownership or control directly or indirectly, by one foreign individual branch, partnership, association, trust, corporation, or government of 10 percent or more of the voting securities of a U.S. business enterprise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated one. Data represent number and full cost of acquisitions of existing U.S. business enterprises, including business segments or operating units of existing U.S. business enterprises and establishments of new enterprises. Investments may be made by the foreign direct investor itself, or indirectly by an existing U.S. affiliate of the foreign direct investor. Covers investments in U.S. business enterprises with assets of over $1 million, or ownership of 200 acres of U.S. land]

Industry and country

2000200320042005200620072008, prel.

Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335,62963,59186,21991,390165,603251,917260,362 By type of investment:

U.S. businesses acquired ..................322,70350,21272,73873,997148,604223,616242,799 U.S. businesses established ................12,92613,37913,48117,39316,99928,30117,564 By type of investor:

Foreign direct investors ....................105,15127,86634,18440,30444,12988,33747,078 U.S. affiliates ............................230,47835,72552,03551,086121,474163,580213,284 INDUSTRY 2

Manufacturing ............................143,28510,75018,25134,03656,330118,370141,079 Wholesale trade ...........................8,5611,086(D)3,4898,2735,6313,977 Retail trade ..............................1,6729413,0731,2621,2956,8672,775 Information ...............................67,9329,2364,3158,48710,3418,58522,214 Depository institutions ......................2,6364,864(D)7,9737,54712,30715,996 Finance (except depository institutions) and

insurance ...............................44,42023,51126,2345,52933,77627,49729,584 Real estate and rental and leasing ............4,5262,8176,3358,75612,44117,8523,796 Professional, scientific, and technical services ...32,3321,955(D)6,4078,9239,01815,167 Other industries ...........................30,2648,42910,12115,45326,67745,79025,775 COUNTRY 3

Canada .................................28,3469,15731,50213,64012,12138,50225,181 Europe 1.................................249,16739,02443,81556,416106,732132,454157,853 France .................................26,1492,9556,4155,60818,14014,30716,565 Germany ...............................18,4528,8304,7887,23920,51415,83112,823 Netherlands .............................47,6861,0774612,6094,7698,35712,545 Switzerland .............................22,7896496,5052,33212,4016,5019,041 United Kingdom ..........................110,20820,37323,28830,42026,26156,05119,657 Latin America and other Western Hemisphere ...15,4001,6072,6295,042(D)(D)18,259 South and Central America .................5,3341821,3829802,273(D)3,551 Other Western Hemisphere .................10,0661,4251,2474,062(D)1,93314,708 Africa ...................................(D)(D)(D)(D)(D)(D)129 Middle East ..............................9471,7381,3185,06811,75521,88212,263 Asia and Pacific 1..........................40,28211,4696,01510,92415,75934,40844,863 Australia ................................(D)9,0323,8504,7135,65012,98310,522 Japan ..................................26,0441,5441,0274,2458,3507,92828,041

D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. NA Not available. 1 Includes other countries, not shown separately. 2 Based on 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Beginning 2002, based on NAICS 2002; see text, Section 15. 3 For investments in which more than one investor participated, each investor and each investor’s outlays

are classified by country of each ultimate beneficial owner.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, June 2009. See also

/index.htm>.

Table 1294. U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad, Capital Outflows, and Income by Industry of Foreign Affiliates: 2000 to 2009

[In millions of dollars (1,316,247 represents $1,316,247,000,000). See headnote, Table 1295]

Industry Direct investment position on a

historical-cost basis

Capitol outflows [inflows(–)]Income 1 200020082009200020082009200020082009

All industries, total 2 . . . . . . . . . .1,316,2473,219,7253,508,142142,627330,491248,074133,692382,575325,467 Mining ........................72,111153,442171,1062,17427,29322,25913,16440,94027,542 Manufacturing 2 .................343,899484,596541,08043,00233,95547,70742,23060,89544,624 Food ........................23,49741,20145,2472,0143,9393,4292,6813,5062,654 Chemicals ....................75,807114,171129,5293,81216,57115,759(D)15,52014,207 Primary and fabricated

metals ......................21,64420,07823,1861,2332,4456111,5361,788735 Machinery ....................22,22939,09343,6122,6597,4513,6272,2575,9833,766 Computer and electronic

products .....................59,90965,53065,59817,3034,6871828,86010,2136,416 Electrical equipment, appliances,

and components ..............10,00523,58224,6942,1004,6331,3161,0792,2021,718 Transportation equipment ........49,88745,45647,2357,814–11,6148044,1071,420–1,721 Wholesale trade .................93,936176,869198,98511,93833,17121,29614,19829,56424,154 Information .....................52,345135,037149,82616,53113,63511,700–96413,80614,404 Depository institutions ............40,15270,20591,768–1,274–3,39517,7552,191–509420 Finance and insurance ...........217,086688,160746,99321,65955,67242,06315,21042,91538,774 Professional, scientific,

and technical services ...........32,86874,69177,4745,44110,2536,5453,5486,7326,743 Holding companies

(nonbank) ....................(NA)1,181,3231,279,952(NA)133,95999,246(NA)166,976152,471

D Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. NA Not available. 1 See footnote 2, T able 1293. 2 Prior to 2006, income is shown net of withholding taxes. For 2006, income is shown gross of withholding taxes. 3 Includes other industries,

not shown separately.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, September 2009. For most recent copy and historical issues, see .

Foreign Commerce and Aid 799 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Table 1295. U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis by Selected Country: 2000 to 2009

[In millions of dollars (1,316,247 represents $1,316,247,000,000). U.S. investment abroad is the ownership or control by one

U.S. person of 10 percent or more of the voting securities of an incorporated foreign business enterprise or an equivalent

interest in an unincorporated foreign business enterprise. Negative position can occur when a U.S. parent company’s liabilities

to the foreign affiliate are greater than its equity in and loans to the foreign affiliate]

Country20002003200420052006200720082009 All countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,316,247 1,769,6132,160,8442,241,656 2,477,268 2,993,980 3,219,7253,508,142 Canada ......................132,472 187,953214,931231,836 205,134 250,642 239,170259,792 Europe 1......................687,320 976,8891,180,1301,210,679 1,397,704 1,682,023 1,831,2461,976,222 Austria ......................2,872 6,3669,26411,236 14,897 14,646 15,92618,203 Belgium .....................17,973 27,41541,84049,306 51,862 62,491 65,02869,773 Czech Republic ...............1,228 1,6682,4442,729 3,615 4,066 5,5485,871 Denmark ....................5,270 5,5976,8156,914 5,849 8,950 10,2789,318 Finland ......................1,342 1,6772,2081,950 2,107 2,202 2,0722,094 France ......................42,628 51,22963,35960,526 63,008 74,179 81,75385,801 Germany ....................55,508 72,26279,467100,473 93,620 100,601 108,217116,832 Greece ......................795 1,4311,8991,884 1,804 2,179 2,1392,028 Hungary .....................1,920 2,8563,0242,795 2,602 6,457 7,7249,287 Ireland ......................35,903 60,60472,90755,173 86,372 117,708 146,672165,924 Italy ........................23,484 23,09225,18424,528 25,435 28,216 28,67931,470 Luxembourg ..................27,849 68,29883,63479,937 125,146 144,180 152,825174,092 Netherlands ..................115,429 186,366219,384240,205 279,373 412,122 426,762471,567 Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4,379 7,5118,4918,533 9,667 12,188 24,38926,984 Poland ......................3,884 4,3827,2565,575 6,934 15,614 13,02113,957 Portugal .....................2,664 2,4021,9152,138 2,832 2,991 2,9692,461 Russia ......................1,147 2,5116,0889,363 11,371 15,029 20,62821,328 Spain .......................21,236 41,11948,40950,197 49,356 61,093 50,80950,644 Sweden .....................25,959 27,00429,73030,153 33,857 36,615 38,00327,418 Switzerland ..................55,377 92,750121,790100,692 102,022 94,675 132,126148,239 Turkey ......................1,826 2,2132,6822,563 3,141 5,584 5,7216,268 United Kingdom ...............230,762 277,246330,416351,513 406,358 426,357 449,521471,384 Latin America and other

Western Hemisphere ..........266,576 297,222351,709379,582 418,429 556,160 591,363678,956 South America 1 .............84,220 66,25668,68573,311 80,477 104,732 100,442125,949 Argentina ..................17,488 10,6639,20110,103 13,174 13,692 12,51814,108 Brazil .....................36,717 29,55329,48530,882 33,504 48,807 44,53256,692 Chile .....................10,052 9,02110,80411,127 10,927 16,337 16,41222,608 Colombia ..................3,693 2,7732,9914,292 3,799 4,552 5,5536,728 Ecuador ...................832 975881941 904 1,007 1,0921,269 Peru ......................3,130 3,4014,7735,542 5,561 5,964 4,7726,232 Venezuela .................10,531 8,4389,1098,934 10,922 12,871 13,47314,506 Central America 1.............73,841 64,64773,21482,496 91,811 102,472 104,128113,793 Costa Rica .................1,716 8402,6871,598 2,105 2,267 2,5962,419 Honduras ..................399 272755821 864 626 787844 Mexico ....................39,352 56,85163,38473,687 82,965 91,046 89,61097,897 Panama ...................30,758 5,4094,9194,826 4,636 6,171 6,2367,845 Other Western Hemisphere 1 ....108,515 166,319209,810223,775 246,142 348,956 386,792439,214 Bahamas, The ..............3,291 8,64311,25513,451 13,703 16,567 19,72022,052 Barbados ..................2,141 9843,2493,881 4,831 2,136 2,8733,650 Bermuda ..................60,114 84,508100,856113,222 133,480 211,708 213,863245,671 Dominican Republic ..........1,143 8161,028815 789 712 7141,006 Jamaica ...................2,483 3,4063,5511,018 940 801 958707 Netherlands Antilles. . . . . . . . . .3,579 2,9264,7125,607 3,924 6,483 13,49317,667 Trinidad and Tobago. . . . . . . . . .1,550 2,3922,5772,219 2,940 3,916 5,1456,328 U.K. Islands, Caribbean .......33,451 61,88282,15983,164 84,817 105,829 129,243141,527 Africa 1 .......................11,891 19,83520,35622,756 28,158 32,607 37,22144,805 Egypt .......................1,998 3,5244,5265,475 5,564 7,023 8,3859,826 Nigeria ......................470 1,1001,9361,105 1,677 1,584 3,2985,369 South Africa ..................3,562 3,5803,9133,969 3,980 5,240 4,9195,922 Middle East 1 ..................10,863 16,88518,96321,115 24,206 28,448 31,88637,012 Israel .......................3,735 7,0206,1717,978 9,168 9,487 9,72910,013 Saudi Arabia .................3,661 3,1403,6573,830 4,410 5,012 5,1898,122 United Arab Emirates ..........683 1,9342,9622,285 2,670 2,967 3,4243,993 Asia and Pacific 1...............207,125 270,830374,754375,689 403,637 444,101 488,839511,355 Australia .....................34,838 48,447(D)75,669 67,632 84,331 94,451106,370 China 2......................11,140 11,26117,61619,016 26,459 29,710 52,52149,403 Hong Kong ...................27,447 36,42632,73536,415 39,636 40,720 40,01450,459 India ........................2,379 4,8687,6587,162 9,746 14,622 16,57118,610 Indonesia ....................8,904 (D)(D)8,603 9,484 14,978 16,28416,005 Japan .......................57,091 57,79471,00581,175 84,428 85,224 101,918103,643 Korea, South .................8,968 13,06317,74719,760 27,299 23,558 22,36126,953 Malaysia ....................7,910 7,0578,90911,097 11,185 12,140 12,29513,486 New Zealand .................4,271 3,8594,6205,191 5,933 5,527 4,8025,816 Philippines ...................3,638 6,3906,1766,522 6,948 6,953 5,5935,806 Singapore ...................24,133 51,05361,07676,390 81,879 93,529 86,04876,862 Taiwan 2 .....................7,836 11,983(D)14,356 16,999 15,807 18,07019,534 Thailand .....................5,824 6,8867,49910,352 10,642 10,284 9,30910,209

D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1 Includes other countries, not shown separately.

2 See footnote 2, Table 1331.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, July 2010,

.htm#iip>.

800 Foreign Commerce and Aid

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Table 1296. U.S. Government Foreign Grants and Credits by Type and Country: 2000 to 2009

[In millions of dollars. (1,500 represents 1,500,000,000) See text, this section. Negative figures (-) occur when the total of grant returns, principal repayments, and/or foreign currencies disbursed by the U.S. Government exceeds new grants and new credits utilized and/or acquisitions of foreign currencies through new sales of farm products]

Country20002003200420052006200720082009 Investment in financial institutions .....................1,5001,4341,9941,2632,0241,6511,3851,676 Western Europe 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42970634834598231262342 Ireland .........................................–4450–30–347 Spain ..........................................–19–19–19–19–205(Z)(Z)(Z) Yugoslavia 2 .....................................1––––––– Bosnia and Hercegovina (5247667249462935)

Macedonia (505842673023430)

Former Yugoslavia - Regional 2 (632975170474356177)

Other 3 and unspecified 4 (478221694945505844)

Eastern Europe 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,2201,4921,273–702571,0621,8771,502 Albania (2642435331363031)

Romania (386634574141915)

Newly independent states:

Armenia (2074668561686345)

Azerbaijan (835477452443631)

Belarus .......................................1(Z)1246810 Georgia (36661131697587352124)

Kazakhstan (4250566940434443)

Kyrgyzstan (1535396050263842)

Moldova (3223273826204028)

Russia ........................................797192251–681–920–41403332 Tajikistan .. (825406135332435)

Turkmenistan ...................................464123Z–811 Ukraine (13896114145119696699)

Uzbekistan (225953522313119)

Former Soviet Union—Regional 4 (501364372456470461508535)

Other 3 and unspecified 4 (41921410715376737673)

Near East and South Asia 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3,3042,2683,7045,4874,7489,9389,04511,778 Afghanistan .....................................55551,3822,3043,8087,5416,1248,557 Bangladesh . (4329504845817556)

Egypt ..........................................3,0912,0552,6892,8271491,7611,8021,734 Greece .........................................–169–287–457–114–103–74–66–74 India ...........................................–64–150–40–7061462832 Nepal (1543375057636482)

Pakistan ........................................3662232305307035266921,249 Turkey .........................................–86–322–299–228–194–296–43–25 UNRWA 4 (97124274813713516070)

Other and unspecified 3 (211479544711715071)

Africa 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,0583,9092,4502,1991,3423,5234,5806,022 Algeria .........................................–53–123–146–173–1,324–19–18–8 Burundi . (31827637181632)

Congo (Kinshasa) 6...............................91,07822913513194112 Ethiopia . (142138234308233278446441)

Ghana (4050675354555567)

Guinea (1930333629157531)

Kenya (44588291186178282391)

Liberia (191350406181261142)

Madagascar (2131343544484037)

Malawi (4542544661688194)

Mali (5050455552434269)

Mozambique (1191071056492106144178)

Nigeria .........................................–174724167–178123200213 Rwanda . (26363547557193110)

Senegal (2745533934397559)

Somalia (7101673340168108)

South Africa (68115332103106155243361)

Sudan (1741120130390363529514)

Tanzania (1549666275104117188)

Uganda (9286120148154183190225)

Zambia (4452569089105157151)

Zimbabwe (232331273269141153)

Other and unspecified 4 ............................1642784075136211,0607771,815 Far East and Pacific 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544712–12942–106141611594 Cambodia .. (2332445856616066)

Hong Kong ......................................–15–23–28–28–28–28–22–16 Indonesia .......................................270821–157–8–71–18–108–52 Korea, South ....................................–132–137–110–43–43–40182–68 Malaysia .......................................1342–45–46–45–18526 Philippines ......................................20–35–15–36–2846131127 Thailand ........................................–102–37114–67(Z)1814 Pacific Islands, T rust Territory of the Pacific Island 7 (145103204190174195182348)

Other and unspecified 4 (1922404739182200215)

See footnotes at end of table.

Foreign Commerce and Aid 801 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

802 Foreign Commerce and Aid

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011

Table 1297. U.S. Foreign Economic and Military Aid Programs: 1980 to 2008

[In millions of dollars (9,694 represents $9,694,000,000). For years ending September 30. T otal aid programs are the sum of economic and military assistance. Major components in recent years include USAID, USDA, State Department and voluntary contributions to international financial institutions. Annual figures are in obligations]

Y ear and Region

Total foreign assistance Military assistance

Economic assistance, by funding agency

T otal U.S. Agency for Interna-tional Develop-ment U.S.

Depart-ment of Agriculture State Depart-ment Other U.S. agencies Multilateral organiza-tions

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9,6942,1227,5724,0621,4374591371,4781985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,1285,80112,3278,1322,0524311641,5481990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16,0154,97111,0446,9641,6435903771,4691995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16,4084,16512,2427,2811,4017631,0161,7812000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,2084,87613,3315,9072,5672,4861,2621,1102003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25,8916,66219,22910,1242,5512,1833,7336372004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33,6146,14427,46911,3302,1504,0187,0872,8852005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37,1767,35429,82310,1022,3185,02010,7251,6592006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39,39412,28827,1069,6182,0335,3478,6151,4922007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40,81913,18727,63211,3781,8355,6347,0521,733 2008, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49,05715,446

33,6119,3242,7929,6419,5762,278

Asia ........................12,0266,4235,6032,7004629851,38275Central Asia ..................2,479472,43241113981,910Eastern Europe ...............58379504342–541044Latin America and Caribbean ....2,694762,61876017197068334Middle East and North Africa .....13,9568,382

5,5742,614478482,065–Oceania .....................1971195183174–Sub-Saharan Africa ............10,405

4119,9941,5852,0663,9572,251135Western Europe ...............821171171737–Canada .....................2727–––27–World, not specified ............

6,608

6,591

875

2,709

943

2,031

– Represents or rounds to zero.

Source: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), U .S . Overseas Loans and Grants: Obligations and Loan Authorizations , annual. See also .

Table 1296. U.S. Government Foreign Grants and Credits by Type and Country: 2000 to 2009—Con.

[In millions of dollars. See headnote, page 801]

Country

20002003200420052006200720082009

Western Hemisphere 1 ..............................1,6211,6581,9862,1641,5371,4092,0234,173 Bolivia .........................................136212217159142155135141 Brazil ..........................................195–78–136–93–344–181–167–84 Colombia .......................................333284675986137719141,229 Ecuador ........................................1439365980735363 El Salvador .....................................27561045227405238 Guatemala ......................................4942402134255566 Haiti ...........................................636483118154164192232 Honduras .......................................10051847060756251 Mexico .........................................–123514403050511,284 Nicaragua ......................................5341283653715746 Panama 8 .......................................–135******** Peru ...........................................879316712771–258127534 Other 9 and unspecified 4 ...........................1,100868806815510447406466Other international organizations .....................2,8373,2072,4854,2013,7704,8435,3247,883Middle East ......................................4,3457,7458,41216,70210,21610,18110,7879,618 Iraq 10 ..........................................(z)3,2355,03910,8579,1567,0306,2275,276 Israel ..........................................3,9322,7612,1634,9533902,3732,9551,992 Jordan .........................................3171,420800582462417632686 Lebanon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2224303745146252250 Y emen .........................................1617312430402231 West Bank-Gaza Regional .........................

195

171179128152473

811

– Represents zero. Z Less than $500,000. 1 Includes other countries, not shown separately. 2 In 1992, some successor countries assumed portions of outstanding credits of the former Yugoslavia (assignment of the remaining portions is pending). Subsequent negative totals reflect payments to the United States on these assumed credits which were greater than the extension of new credits and grants to these countries. 3 Includes European Atomic Energy Community, European Coal and

Steel Community, European Payments Union, European Productivity Agency, North Atlantic T reaty Organization, and Organization for European Economic Cooperation. 4 In recent years, significant amounts of foreign assistance has been reported on a regional,inter-regional, and worldwide basis. Country totals in this table may understate actual assistance to many countries. 5

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees. 6 See footnote 5, table 1331. 7 Excludes transactions with

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands after October 1986; includes transactions with Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau. 8 Includes transfer of Panama Canal to the Republic of Panama on Dec. 1999. 9 Includes Andean Development Corporation, Caribbean Development Bank, Central American Bank for Economic Integration, Eastern Caribbean Central Bank, Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Science, Organizations of American States, and Pan American Health Organization. 10 Foreign assistance to Iraq in 1991–96 was direct humanitarian assistance to ethnic minorities of Northern Iraq after the conflict in the Persian Gulf. Foreign assistance to Iraq in 2003 thru 2009 includes Iraq Reconstruction and humanitarian assistance.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, press releases, and unpublished data. See .