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英文版浅谈中英文化差异

英文版浅谈中英文化差异
英文版浅谈中英文化差异

The cultural differences between Chinese and western etiquette probing [Abstract]

Etiquette is a nation in the specific historical conditions and geographical environment development and heritage down etiquette civilizations standard, is a symbol of the cultural morphology and reflect. Differences between Chinese and western culture in appellation and call, meet, diners five aspects, ladies first show different etiquette form. The different nationality's thinking style and concept of value difference between Chinese and western etiquette difference is the cultural roots. Use "and different" the attitude of treating the cultural differences between Chinese and western etiquette, recognition and respect for differences, exploring etiquette culture interoperability, it helps improve the sensitivity and of cultural differences on his culture, thereby improving communication efficiency resilience.

[Key words]

Chinese and western etiquette; Cultural difference; Values

First, Chinese and western etiquette culture difference

"Etiquette" is the product of civilized society, it is an artificial construct in social interaction to specified in the manners people behavior such as communication norms. As long as the human existence contacts and communication activities, human needs through etiquette to express their emotions and respect each other. Spain's queen Elizabeth once said, "courtesy but a letter of recommendation." traffic sifang China since ancient times, boasts a formal state, hospitable persons with courtesy is the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, which formed a rich culture etiquette, eliminate one untimely feudal dross, combining the development practice of The Times change and enrich the content of the civilization and progress, still very important. Especially in after China's entry into WTO, with the UK and the western countries represented frequently communicating. If you don't understand western etiquette customs and traditions, he is likely to cause misunderstanding, causing communication cannot. Some we don't mind words, manners, in foreign guests may look like is disrespectful or offend or offensive, thus forming interpersonal and communication obstacles. To ensure that foreign relations and reception services running smoothly, avoid brusque and discourteous, it is necessary to understand and know countries

etiquette habits and characteristics. Only in this way can we truly respect guests, embody China's people's enthusiasm, hospitable formal state demeanor. Etiquette evident national features, is a kind of culture form symbol and reflect, people in the raising of the foot, raised rhetoric between often reflects in different cultural characteristics. Different cultures, social communication standard also vary. The cultural differences between Chinese and western etiquette is mainly manifested in competitive with name, title and western taboo custom and ladies first five aspects:

1、cultural appellation and call etiquette difference. Both Chinese and English culture differences on this problem is obvious. In Chinese culture, appellation is analytical, and in English culture, appellation is fuzzy general. An English word cousin, aunt and UN - cle can corresponding eight different Chinese appellation. In the call, han culture always think small, young must respect the old, older. We often say that Lao zhang, Lao li, old man, woman, old man, zhang sister-in-law, LiDaMa wait, it is to show respect titles. And in English culture, in addition to formal occasions, "Mr And Mrs. Outside, met miss between size, no matter the age can all use first names, and that is a kind of close says even if the gap between age so called also not brusque or impolite feeling, with Chinese etiquette habits completely opposite. Chinese children if parents, grandparents, for students in teacher use first names, it must be considered rude. In the west, "old" is weak, old, weak, say others as synonymous with "old" is a kind of contempt rude performance.

2、the difference, meet etiquette. The Chinese body be tiny to meet before handshake for ritual, particularly with sloping supervisor or VIP shake hands when to respectfully underload upper body, and respect in the west thought this action appear too despised. The Chinese often like to use both hands clenched, left hand was severe or catch or slap each other's shoulder or back, even hug someone else's neck says attitude enthusiasm and respect each other, people from english-speaking countries grew disgust, think he too close, showed obvious hypocrisy and not true. Chinese often asked "meet you eat? Go? Stem what?" This very confused, westerners, sometimes even anger, think interference in their affairs.

3、different etiquette diners. Chinese on the table to good or not advised dishes for courtesy, advised guests eat more drik, party show host hospitality, westerners never reluctantly others, the guest with the hostess action often. Master general enquire if the guest are like to drink something, the guest should truthfully answer, the guest, the host will no longer if declined reluctantly. The Chinese will actively pour tea or a drink, and

continue to add tea. Westerners to drink the for courtesy, facing the master constantly add tea. Often disoriented. But Chinese habit is not let the cup is vacant, guest host does not with an empty cup that called good guests.

4、taboo custom differences. In the west, to ask about people's age, wages, marriage, love is big, privacy is considered sacred, and in China, these are often topic of conversation, people won't feel unhappy, or disgust. Visiting a general is first should an appointment, made a surprise visit to be social taboos. Guests invited to dinner, English countries on time or a few minutes late for courtesy, arrive early is not only to lose Zagreb would also allow the hostess flat-footed, Chinese habit a few minutes early reach to show respect. Westerners particularly irked by "13" this number, because their savior Jesus in 13 be crucified in which people produce from the fear and taboo 13, so in daily life and work trying to avoid 13, diners avoided 13 people, with a table, building, room number addresses to avoid label 13. But in Chinese culture, "13" is set in a "evil" beauty, it is said "caress, intimacy," and said "despised, contempt". The most taboo digital is "four", because it and "dead" homophones.

5、ladies first etiquette. Lady first in the west and international communication occasions is still widely principle. In cross-cultural communication ignore the principle is serious faux pas. On formal communication occasions, male and female first met by woman decides whether handshake position (unless men age or great), high in indoor shake hands, in addition to the hostess outside, other lady generally does not stand up. Modern communication occasions "lady first" etiquette and advance such as into out let the women, fluctuation elevators, car or into go out, man initiative to open doors for women. The ladies first for westerners, Chinese are not used to etiquette is the priority principle of two Chinese old, weak, disease, remnants, yun priority and superior, the elder, VIP is preferred. The Chinese do not have between the conventions of ladies first, whether to meet by the superior or elder shook hands in indoor decision, boos, ladies also must stand up.

Second, the Chinese and western cultural roots etiquette difference Generally speaking, interpersonal, essentially culture. In the process of socialization who formed his own values system, which is in the long-term national society formed under specific historical conditions, is all sorts of geographical climate, political ecology, economy of intangible condensed, factors such as already into traditional, relatively strong. It is a kind of thinking habits, is a way of life and behavior patterns with as alien, a carrier of culture - the interactions, and foreigners inevitably

will occur the value orientation, comparative, collision or fusion. Though seeing values system touch, in intangible, but everywhere, the ever-present of cultural groups, with the role of regulation and guidance, is the culture group unconscious national character of the foundation. Each kind of traditional etiquette principles reflect what he represents culture, reflects a national thinking style and concept of value, therefore, it can be said that the different nationality's thinking style and concept of value difference between Chinese and western etiquette difference is the cultural roots.

1、the "nature and humanity" and "nature two" thought system of influence. Confucianism in China had long dominant, it advocates that the "class and, heaven and a" (dong zhongshu) thoughts. Chinese traditionally put "days" as natural, advocates the "nature and humanity", i.e., the belief that one should obey nature, pursue and the natural harmonious unification. Chinese philosophy has been put the "nature and humanity" as all the starting point and end-result of ideological system. People think in nature, there is a mysterious force in the universe, and control the people don't think conquer nature but to let nature take its course, through the change itself to adapt to natural obeys natural law, pursue and the natural harmonious unification. Because of the natural law of nature obedient and superstition and fear and worship, make people have to strive to form a harmonious and stable

2、group socialist and the influence of the value orientation of individualism. Chinese culture to think that everyone is not isolated individuals on the network, but a member of the group. In order to maintain the harmonious community not decomposition, in order to maintain consolidate discrete, good interpersonal relationship between groups formed some moral norms and values to restrain the behavior of people. For example: the heavy righteousness light and self-control, level, introspection, collectivism and the honour low values of group dependence. In groups of feminism to orientation of Chinese society, people must conform to the society and what a group of expectations, humility or its derivatives "humble yourself honour people" courtesy behavior is respected by everyone. "The ritual" culture teaching people to be revered and who have status, maintenance and know how to comity and the honour low social order. Such as saw old man should say "hello old man", "an old teacher to", "granny", "the old man" etc, saw a position to greet people will call their positions to show respect. The idea for characteristics in groups of Chinese culture, with attention handle interpersonal relationships, mutual concern and modesty, mutual understanding and honest with its characteristics, in the communicative for private, or

like fanfiction unreservedly disclose its own affairs, Chinese people like to flaunt "gentleman being naked, SIMS, often full", "not and human" thing. According to China's polite because private affairs is traditional, understanding to each other, care for each other's friendly greeting, said so in involving personal privacy is often used in the problem. These communicative language in western eye is related to the topic, and in the privacy of the eyes of the Chinese people is the embodiment of the harmonious interpersonal relationships. Entrenched group consciousness make everyone habits of transparent life, also formed the habit of requiring others also transparent. Such personal behavior and will often should be independent, tangible around countless about intangible things restriction, makes no difference "privacy" viable, independent consciousness of the individual just - an empty concept. Westerners is the most recommended personal independence of individualism. They give freedom, equality, democracy and rights as the premise, the survival of such values training its equity consciousness, democratic consciousness and rights consciousness. Westerners respect personal power, yearning freedom (freedom), advocating equality (withyour company), the "equality" idea embodied in greeting, appellation behavior patterns, still seem to be strangers even too polite and courteous family, treat family members even younger generation is also "thank you" in noises. The individual-centered individual culture is individual independence, interests balance, mutual non-aggression, avoid conflict, and will communication rules as handle interpersonal relationships of a kind of strategy. For orientation of individualism for the western society, individual freedom was as sacrosanct, people must comply. Privacy has been people's attention, because it can protect individual autonomy, from others control and disposal. Westerners privacy consciousness very strong, such as talking to people in the age of the people avoid talking about personal or disease, it is in order to keep a community health, young, perfect image. As a kind of privacy, people avoid personal property or income such topics, is doing to protect themselves, be helpful for personal existence and competition.

3、the influence of religious faith. After 2000 years of Chinese feudal despotism, imperial than theocratic, not a religious dominant, our overall, is a secular country, so Chinese etiquette. No religious color However in the west. Christianity has been the dominant religion, in the 4th century, Christianity was the Roman empire as Anglican, become the west the spiritual pillar of the feudal system. Now, in euramerican and other western countries most people in the United States alone Christianity, as many as

40,000 many Christian church. In western history also has repeatedly outbreaks of influential religious war, so the etiquette of western strong religious color. Western ladies first by Christian civilization etiquette to admire women, worship the influence of women for noble sentiment. Christians (Catholic and orthodox several) speaking. The blessed virgin Mary set up the honourable chaste image, received widespread respect. Christian civilization for virgin, to exalt maria beloved women like god, even if western countries worship in the feudal autocratic social medieval times, knight to protect women traditional also mission. Knight is to choose a lady love, respect and obedience as a set of idols, learn to woo, loyalty, protect women's abilities, stint as her suffering, gave his life, this kind "knights of manners" made a profound impact on social fashion.

Third, the enlightenment for Chinese and western cultural communication

Confucius said, "a gentleman, and different" mean. To admit "difference", in "different" formed on the basis of "and", namely harmonious and fusion, can make things to development. Today's era of globalization, cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent, and different "with" the attitude of treating exchanges between Chinese and western cultures, in recognition and respect for differences of different cultures based on other outstanding cultural achievements absorbed update their traditional culture, i.e. foreign things serve, innovation, make oneself of the cultural keep up with The Times, into the advanced level, is a positive desirable attitude. First of all, the etiquette is to achieve interpersonal harmonious prerequisite and guarantee. Modern social interpersonal form more, more complex, but as the content of a harmonious relationship between binds us did not change, basic factors is to establish a harmonious relationship between the people in certain social behaviour and above. Harmonious relationship between the people need certain social etiquette, as binder and lubricant, in cross-cultural communication is even more so. Etiquette embody a nation's civilization and personal qualities, is the ^ cross-cultural communication between the premise and guarantee effectively. Secondly, the etiquette difference from different cultural connotations in its history deduce process are all more or less with the characteristics of local culture in the cross-cultural communication, therefore we should not only acknowledge the differences existed, but also to understand and respect of these differences. Intercultural communication is crucial to the success of the cultural differences and treat correctly to the understanding and heterogeneous culture respect is

to avoid cultural conflict, realizing the equality associates, the necessary conditions for the successful cooperation. Consciously study and compare the differences of different cultures etiquette, a deep understanding of the cultural connotation of cultural differences, enhance the sensitivity and cultural resilience, can help us predict each other's communicative behavior, do some psychological preparation, thus improve communication efficiency. Finally, in cross-cultural communication must seek out the interoperability, excavate the cultural existed in different cultures of similar or similar ideas, to modern interpretation, achieve mutual recognition, so as to establish a harmonious relationship with each other. Everyone has to love and be love's psychological needs, "love" throughout different cultural idea, is the traditional Chinese and western culture are acceptable general principle. In cross-cultural communication, in the face of life of the various conditions and various relations, the concept of equality friendly throughout the whole process of communicative behavior should be. For ritual culture such generality, we should be fully discover, to make it a multicultural launched dialogues, discussion, thus achieve the harmonious development of seeking common ground while reserving the solid foundation. Face differences, seek common ground while reserving differences, maintain a positive attitude, realize the communication's cultural identity. In an effort to inherit and carry forward the fine tradition of the Chinese culture at the same time, pay attention to the cultural achievement of absorption of western excellent, rich update their traditional culture, right, right on to you, mutual respect, equal contact, only in this way can we succeeded in intercultural communication.

浅谈中西方文化差异_英文_

综 合 191 # 浅谈中西方文化差异 文/黄文娟 摘 要:中西方文化差异导致了中西方交流中的误解,引起了很多不便。本文针对日常生活中中西方文化交流中的典型现象如婚姻家庭,餐厅礼仪和日常招呼等进行分析,阐述了这些文化现象后所隐藏的文化内涵和其所植根的文化根基,从个人主义和集体主义,平等概念和等级观念,自我中心和牺牲精神等方面做出解释,为困顿于中西方文化的学习者提供参考。关键词:中西方文化;现象;文化内涵;文化根基作 者:湖南对外经济贸易职业学院 ?1Cited phenomena A 1Mar riage A Chinese gir l got mar ried with an Amer ican boy and sett led down in Los Angeles not far away from wher e her par ents-in -law lived.T he fir st few months went by much smoothly and the Chinese girl got along very well with her new family. Six months later,she got pr egnant and infor med her par ents -in-law at the fir st moment.The r eady grandparents blessed her and her baby and went to Europe where they planned to enjoy a half -year holiday.The Chinese gir l was surprised at their decision:/Don .t you stay to take car e of me and my baby?Don .t you think the baby is the most import ant thing in the family now?0T he parents-in-law also got confused:/We love this baby,but does it mean we should give up our own life and do everything for it?0 B 1Rest aur ant customs A young Chinese tourist sat in a Par is caf and or der ed tea.Twice he asked for more hot water to top it up while putting the saucer on the cup to keep the tea warm,as he would have done at home. T he waiter grew impatient./This Chinese is too stingy t o pay for mor e tea.And doesn .t he know t he saucer goes under the cup to cat ch the dr ips?0 T he Chinese man noticed the displeasure on the wait er .s face and lost pat ience himself./This Wester n waiter is r ea lly stingy and silly!Why is he so reluctant to serve me hot water?Why does he put the lid under the cup?0he got angry,and left the caf st eam ing with resent ment. C 1Greeting An American student Charlie went to China and continued his study in Peking University.Ever ything went well with him except that the Chinese people were hard to understand for him somet imes. One day afternoon,he was on his way back from the super market when he encounter ed two Chinese classmates./H i,Charlie,wher e are you going?0one of the Chinese classmates greeted him./I .m just back from the supermar ket.0H e answer ed./What did you buy?0T he Chinese student continued./Er ,0Char lie felt ver y awkward,/I bought a bar of bread,five apples,a bott le of salad jam and ,0/You don .t have to tell us all these specific t hings,we ar e just greeting you by asking you questions.0/What?You confused me!0 ò.Analysis on the cited phenomenon and the cor responding cultur al implications In the fir st case,both the Chinese girl and her par ents-in -law can keep their own opinion.In China,it is par ents .dut y t o be responsible for their childr en and this responsibility will last (4)勤巡视病房,观察生命体征、面色、意识及有无感染、周围组织坏死等。当出现因插管技术而导致的并发症(如穿破脐血管造成出血插进或堵塞腹主动脉分支、空气栓塞、血栓形成、误插在门静脉沟处、穿破肝实质等)时,应通知医生尽早拔管,同时给予对症治疗,使症状得以改善。 (5)细菌学检测。每周1次分别做外周血和脐部穿刺处皮肤的细菌培养。本组病例共做16次外周血和脐部穿刺处皮肤的细菌培养,无1例发生院内感染等插管并发症。 参考文献: [1]余波,李莎莎.新生儿126例脐静脉插管末端细菌培养的临床分析[J]中国新生儿科杂志,2007(4) [2]宋新志,曹明艳,何咏梅,等.新生儿窒息血肌钙蛋白T 变化[J ]湘南学院学报,2005(1) [3]周宇,周晓光.新生儿胎粪吸入综合征临床分型与特点的初步探讨[J]中国当代儿科杂志,2000(5) [4]高树辉,周杰,张映辉,等.早产儿血脂水平与出生体重的关系[J]中国当代儿科杂志,2003(3)

中英文化十大差异

中英文化十大差异 在开放的现代社会,跨文化的言语交际显得愈发重要,已经成为现代交际中引人注目的一个特点。交际中的文化差异随处可见,言语环境中的文化因素受到普遍重视。下面是英汉文化中十大常见差异。 1、回答提问 中国人对别人的问话,总是以肯定或否定对方的话来确定用“对” 或者“不对”。如: “我想你不到20 岁,对吗?” “是的,我不到20 岁。” (“不,我已经30 岁了。”) 英语中,对别人的问话,总是依据事实结果的肯定或否定用“Yes” 或者“ No ”。如: "You're not a student, are you?""Yes,I am. ("No, I am not. ") 2、亲属称谓 英语的亲属以家庭为中心,一代人为一个称谓板块,只区别男性、女性,却忽视配偶双方因性别不同而出现的称谓差异。显得男女平等。如:英文“ grandparents, grandfathe, grandmother”,而中文“祖辈、 爷爷、奶奶、外公、外婆” 再如,父母同辈中的称谓:英文“ uncle”和“aunt”,而中文“伯 伯、叔叔、舅舅等,姑妈、姨妈等” 。

还有,英文中的表示下辈的“ nephew和niece”是不分侄甥的,表示同辈的“ cousin”不分堂表、性别。 3、考虑问题的主体中国人喜欢以对方为中心,考虑对方的情感。比如:你想买什么? 您想借什么书? 而英语中,往往从自身的角度出发。如: Can I help you? What can I do for you? 4、问候用语 中国人打招呼,一般都以对方处境或动向为思考方向。您去哪里? 您是上班还是下班? 而西方人往往认为这些纯属个人私事,不能随便问。所以他们见面打招呼总是说: Hi /Hello! Good morning/afternoon/evening/night! How are you? It's a lovely day, isn't it? 5、面对恭维 中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎,对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。如:

中英文化对比论文

英汉习俗文化对比(选修课) 题 目 __中西文化差异_______ 姓 名 周超 ________ 学 号 3090311120 _________ 专业班级 英语094 ________ 分 院 外国语分院 _____ 宁波理工学院

文化是一种社会现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物。确切地说,文化是指一个国家或民族的历史、地理、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等。不同的文化背影和文化传统,使中西方在思维方式,价值观念,行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在有相当的文化差异。在跨文化交际中,文化障碍会导致的信息误解,有时善意的言谈会使对方尴尬无比,礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。 例如在言谈方面,在中国对别人的健康状况表示关心是有礼貌的表现,但是西方人就不是这么认为了。当我们向西方人表示关切地问候时,他们可能反而觉得很不高兴。因为在他们看来这不需要任何人来指教。如果就某种小事给人以忠告,那显然是对其能力的怀疑,从而大大伤害其自尊心。另外中国人在饭桌上的热情好客经常被西方人误认不文明的行为。因为西方人认为客人吃多吃少完全由客人自己决定,用不着主人为他添酒加菜,而且他们认为饮食过量是极不体面的事情。类似的例子还有很多很多。这些都给我们的日常生活交际带来不少困惑。 同样的一件事物,不同的文化背景,看法也大相径庭。中国人的家庭观念很强,血缘关系,亲情伦理,在脑中根深蒂固,父母、子女始终是一家人。哪怕成家立业,另立门户,和父母仍不分彼此,中国人把赡养父母,侍奉父母,看作是自己应尽的责任。然而西方人却不同,子女一到成年,就会离巢而飞,父母不再抚养他们,而子女一旦独立,对父母家的事也不再理会,更别说赡养父母或几代同堂了。美国式的家庭结构比较简单:父母及未成年孩子,称之为核心家庭。子女一旦结婚,就得搬出去住,经济上也必须独立。父母不再有义务资助子女。这种做法给年青人提供最大限度的自由,并培养其独立生活的能力,但同时也疏远了亲属之间的关系。中国人如果一大家子来购物,父母为小孩买东西天经地义,已成年子女为父母代付钱也是理所当然。中国式的家庭结构比较复杂,传统的幸福家庭是四代同堂。在这样的家庭中,老人帮助照看小孩,儿孙们长大后帮助扶养老人,家庭成员之间互相依赖,互相帮助,密切了亲情关系。然而,这种生活方式不利于培养年青人的独立能力。老外却不同,父母、子女各自理财,互不搭界。现实中的美国,儿子可以是百万富翁,父母却照旧穷困潦倒,和中国人的“母以子贵”,“一人得道,合家升天”的中国传统实在天差地别。 中西方的文化差异还表现在很多方面。西方人崇拜个人奋斗,尤其为个人取得的成就自豪,从来不掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感,以及在获得成就后的狂喜。相反,中国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉,而是提倡谦虚。中国人反对王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂,然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。在西方人看来,谦虚不仅否定了自己,还否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。在自我中心与无私奉献方面,西方人自我中心意识和独立意识很强,他们认为自己应该为自己负责。在弱肉强食的社会,每个人生存方式及生存质量都取决于自己的能力,因此,每个人都必须自我奋斗,把个人利益放在第一位。他们也不习惯过问他人的事情,比较注重隐私。因此主动帮助别人或接受别人帮助在西方常常是令人难堪的事。因为接受帮助只能证明自己无能,而主动帮助别人会被认为是干涉别人的私事。中国人的行为准则是“我对他人,对社会是否有用”,个人的价值是在奉献中体现出来的。中国文化推崇一种高尚的情操——无私奉献。在中国,主动关心别人,给人以无微不至的体贴是一种美德,因此,中国人不论别人的大事小事,家事私事都愿主动关心,而这在西方会被视为“多管闲事”。 西方人平等意识较强,无论贫富,人人都会尊重自己,不允许别人侵犯自己的权利。同时,人人都能充分地尊重他人。很少人以自己显赫的家庭背景为荣,

国际贸易中中英文化的差异

浅谈国际贸易中中英文化的差异

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浅谈国际贸易中中英文化的差异 摘要:当今的世界经济一体化进程加快,国际贸易活动与交往的频繁进行,不同国家、不同民族的特殊文化背景与文化环境日益为各国重视,本文通过认识文化的差异,并采取恰当策略使国际贸易在文化融合的推动下实现真正全面的自由化,这样才能更好的发展贸易,推进国际化贸易的进程。 关键词:贸易活动文化差异 1前言 随着经济全球化进程的深化,国际贸易活动与交往的频繁进行,国际贸易中文化差异的存在已影响到国际间的贸易活动,这体现在文化构成要素的各个层面,尤其是意识形态层面即政治、法律、艺术、哲学等方面。充分了解和认识文化差异,并采取恰当的方法和措施应对国际贸易交往中的文化差异在当今世界尤为重要。面对文化差异对贸易的影响,为进一步推进世界贸易的自由发展,必须采取有效措施促使贸易环境法制化、规范化,建立国际性文化交流组织与文化交流中心,进行多层次、多形式的文化展示与交流,在国际贸易策略的制定上注意与当地文化的融合,进行多种方式的文化融合与培训,培养推进文化融合的跨文化管理人才。 2 文化差异的体现方面 2.1语言文化背景方面 语言是社会的产物,是人类历史和文化的结晶。它凝聚着一个民族世代相传的社会意识,历史文化,风俗习惯等各方面人类社会所有的特征。不同的文化背影和文化传统,使中英方在思维方式,价值观念,行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在有相当的文化差异。语文是文化的载体,词汇是文化信息的浓缩,是语言的重要组成部分,它反映着文化的发展和变化,同时也直接反映着文化的差异。 在中国两千多年的封建社会历史的过程中,儒家思想一直占据着根深蒂固的弦统治地位,对中国社会产生了极其深刻而久远的影响。因此,中国文化体现出

中英文化差异

中英文化差异 宗教信仰:对于西方人来说,神是一种伟大而又崇高的东西,他们信奉神,与中国不同,他们对神的见解是不同的,不同人对神的认识是不同的。相对而言,中国的神更多的是以佛的形式出现的简单的说,佛就是“觉者”,“一个觉悟的人”。也许更明确一点,应该说佛是一个对宇宙人生的根本道理有透彻觉悟的人。与神不同,神是创造世界,管理世界的人。而佛只是一个渡尽劫难能够看透世间万物的凡人。以一句言简意赅的话说,就是西方人往往会将神看做一个伟大的非人的一种崇高的人物。而中国人的意识里的信仰或者所谓的神的概念是非常模糊的,淡漠的。 神和佛在中英以至中外的区别还不是特别明显,然而下面的例子就真正地体现了中英的宗教的区别。 龙在中国传说里有多种类型,共同特点是躯长、眼睛突出、嘴边有长须、四只爪子、鳞片大、腥味浓烈、叫声如牛。其中一种龙的形象特点是九似:角似鹿、头似牛、嘴似驴、眼似虾、耳似象、鳞似鱼、须似人、腹似蛇、足似凤。而在英国的神话故事中,龙往往事项出现在哈利波特,霍比特人中的龙。长有双翅并口吐火焰。在怪物猎人中,龙的中了可谓是各种各样,五花八门,你必须杀死这些怪物,来保证自己的生命。其中重要的原因是西方龙Dragon和东方龙loong在象征意义上是有本质上的区别。 Dragon在西方象征着撒旦,恶魔,是邪恶的化身。而loong在中国是有着和神一样的地位的生物。 中英教育方式的区别:英国的高中教育相比较中国而言灵活很多,英国高中开设众多的科目供学生自己选择,包括:数学,英语,西班牙语,物理,文学,艺术设计,德语,历史,音乐,生物,心理学等等课程。学生有广泛的选择空间,根据自己的爱好进行科目的学习。在这样自主选择的前提下,很多学生都取得了很好的成绩,并顺利的进入理想中的大学。英国更注重学生素质教育的培养而不像中国学生那样死板的学习书本上的知识,所以英国学生的学习生活更加的轻松,在学习之余还可以参见并组织各种各样的活动,学生可以组织足球比赛,乐队等活动。丰富多彩的校园生活使学生在学习之余得到了很好的放松,同时也锻炼了他们的沟通能力。建议到英国留学的同学一定要积极参与到这些活动中去,不但能结交很多的朋友,同时语言也可以得到很好的锻炼。英国高中是两年的学制,根据自己的爱好和特长选择3-4门的课程进行第一年的学习。中国的学生在数学方面有很强的天赋,每次考试都会取得很好的成绩。英国高中的第二年可以从之前一年选择的四门课程中选择三门成绩较好的课程成绩去申请自己想去的大学,如果你的成绩达到学校的入学标准学校会通知你去参加面试。

中英旅游文化差异

《客源国文化概论三级项目报告》——“中英旅游文化差异” 小组成员:边凯月 1314050410 杨鑫 1314050410 李亚慧1314050410 罗媛媛 1314050410 李凯凯 131405041041 指导教师:冯麟茜 2016-11-27

【摘要】 中英传统民族文化的差异,使中英旅游文化具有不同的特征。中国人喜好中庸之道,不爱过分张扬,甚至以自我贬抑作为处世经典,接人待物、举止言谈以谦虚为荣。而英国文化则倾向于开拓、好奇、竞争、冒险、坦率、独立、自信、勇于创新、注重个人主义等。我们可以从中可以探求境外旅游的发展策略。我国的旅游行业和相关管理部门应高度重视旅游文化的深度建设,不断丰富旅游文化的内涵,建立起一套既适应旅游全球化发展又具有中国特色的旅游文化体系。 【关键词】中英;旅游文化;比较

目录 【摘要】 (2) 前言: (4) 一、中英社会人文的差异对比 (5) (1)姓氏对比 (5) (2)称谓对比 (5) (3)问候对比 (5) (4)教育差异 (6) (5)节日差异 (6) (6)宴客对比 (6) (7)家庭关系对比 (7) (8)个人和集体荣誉对比 (7) (9)隐私对比 (8) (10)婚姻对比 (8) (11)禁忌对比 (8) 二、中英旅游文化的差异与对比 (9) 1.旅游饮食观对比 (9) 2. 旅游审美观对比 (9) 3.旅游消费观对比 (10) 三、旅游方式等方面的差异和对比 (10) 1.旅游方式和动机 (10) 2 关于导游服务 (11) 四、结语 (11) 参考文献 (12)

前言: 文化是一种社会现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物。确切地说,文化是指一个国家或民族的历史、地理、传统习俗、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、思维方式、价值观念等。不同的文化背影和文化传统,使中西方在思维方式,价值观念,行为准则和生活方式等方面也存在有相当的文化差异。在跨文化交际中,文化障碍会导致的信息误解,有时善意的言谈会使对方尴尬无比,礼貌的举止会被误解为荒诞粗俗。这学期学习了冯麟茜老师的客源国文化概论这门课,下面是我们小组学完这门课后,浅谈对中英文化差异的一些理解。 通过这篇项目报告,可以让人更好的了解中英之间的文化差异,也对去英国游玩提供了简单的素材。也能让中英之间更好的文化交流。 分工:李凯凯——Word文档编写 边凯月—— 罗媛媛—— 杨鑫—— 李亚慧——

浅谈中英文在文化上的差异

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从跨文化交易角度浅析中英姓名之文化差异

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