四级英语作文技巧及范文

四级英语作文技巧及范文

1．文章结构： ( ten sentences, 120words )

Para. 1. S1 General talk of the topic

S2 Thesis: the writer ' s attitude towards it

Para. 2. S3 The writer ' s reasons to have this attitude

S4 Support I

S5 Detail I

S6 Detail II

S7 Support II

S8 Detail I

S9 Detail II

Para.3 S10 Conclusion: restate the thesis

2. Development Paragraphs:

段落特征：统一，完整，连贯

常用的连接手段：

1．每段的内容要围绕主题句，保持内容的一致性，并从不同的角度来充分发展段落的主题

思想。

2．使用代词来代前面提到的人，物或观点

3．重复段落中的关键词，短语或句子

4．使用同义词

5．使用转折词语和句型：

1．用于段落开始的词语：of all, to begin with, nowadays, with the development/invention/progress of

…,generally speaking, recently, etc.

常用于段落开始的句型:

1. People ' Vews/ideas/opinions on …vary from person to person. Some people think that …

2. Different people have different views on …

3. It is held that …

4. Just as/As the proverb/old say ing goes …

5. It is commonly believed that …

6. Is ….? Answer to this vary greatly. Some people think that …

7. When asked about … , different people will offer different opinions. Some people say that …

8. Nowadays, … play(s) an important role in … / … is popular around us. Like

everything else, … has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages

can be listed as follows.

9. … Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most

effective.

10. …There are many reasons/causes for t in genbual, they come down to two/three major ones.

11. There are many factors that may account for … , but the following are the

most typical ones.

2．用于举例的词语：for example, such as, for instance, to illustrate, a case in point,

take …for example, etc.

3. 用于比较和对比的词语：similarly, in the same way, equally importa nt, in/by con trast, on the con trary, on the

other hand, un like, however, yet, etc.

4. 用于表示因果关系或分析原因的词语：due to, owi ng to, as a result, therefore, so, thus,

consequently, among …reasons, one should be emphasized thattc. …,e

5. 用于表示层次递进的词语：first/firstly (second/secondly, etc.), to begin with …,

moreover, fin ally, first of all, since the n, after that, further, etc.

6. 用于表示让步的词语：although, in spite of, despite, etc.

7. 用于表示结论的词语：in conclusion, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word, in

summary, the conclusion is that …，in brief, etc.

常用于结尾的句型：

1. From what has bee n discussed above, we may safely draw the con clusi on that …

2. Taking into acco unt all these factors, we may safely come to the con clusi on that

3. Judging from all evidenee offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion

that …

4. All the evide nee supports a sound con

clusi on that …

5. All the an alysis justifies an un

shakable con clusi on that …

6. From what is men ti oned above, we may come to the con clusi on that …

7. As far as I am concerned, I agree with …/I am really in favor of …/I am of the

opinion that …/I hold that …/I cli ng to the opinion that …

8. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of …outweig

its adva ntages.

9. In my opi nion,/in my view,/as for me, I …

10. As far as …is concerned, I prefer …to …

11. It ' s high time that we tried every possible means to put an end to …/we too

measures to solve the problem of …

12. There ' siill a long way to go towards solving the problem. We hope that

efforts should be made to …

13. Many soluti ons are being offered here. All of them make some sen se, but none

is very satisfactory/adequate eno ugh. The problem should be approached in a new way/a wider con text.

14. There is no easy solution to the problem of …,but …might be useful/helpful.

15. There is no denying that immediate/c on siderable/special/further atte nti on must

be paid to the problem of …

16. There is little doubt that serious atte nti on must be called to the shortage of

17. It is n ecessary that effective/proper/quick action s/steps/measures be take n to..

18. It ' s suggested that great efforts be made to …

19. It ' apparent/clear/obvious that the task of …requires immediate/great

atte ntio n/efforts/c on siderati on.

20. To check/control the tendency/trend is no easy task, and it requires a

good/deep aware ness/un dersta nding of …

3. 段落的展开方法：

1. 列举法

2.举例法

3.定义法

4.比较和对比法

5.因果法

6.分类法

7.叙述法

& 综合法

4.词汇的变化

1)用不同的词汇表达相同的意

义，避免单调，枯燥的重复。

如::好学生：top/gifted/superior/excellent/outstanding students

损害：have a negative effect on; do great injury to; cause great damage to

妨碍：stand in the way of..; be an obstacle/barrier to..

对… 很重要：be indispensable/important/vital to

学习知识：pursue/acquire/lear n kno wledge/skill

许多：a large portion of; many a; enormous; large numbers of

重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to..

强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on..

越来越：be in creas in gly +adj.; be on the rise; the grow ing nu mber of..

接触新思想：be exposed to new ideas; have an/some acqua intance with..

接触社会：come into freque nt/close contact with the society;

提出观点：adva nce/put forward/come up with ideas

作出努力：make treme ndous/persiste nt effort to do sth.; take great pains to do sth.

影响学习：in terfere with studies; have an in terfere nce with studies

产生影响：have/exert a profound in flue nce on …;have a dramatic/ un desirable effect on.. 取代：substitute for sth.; take the place of sth.; replace sth.

采取措施：take effective steps/measures to

满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the dema nd of

补偿损失：compe nsate for the loss; make up for the damage

解释现象：acco unt for the phe nomenon; expla in these phe nomena

培养信心：develop one ' s in terest in..; foster one ' s con fide nce in..

施加压力：put/exert a pressure on..

提供机会：provide/offer/fur nish an opport uni ty/cha nce for sb.

抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opport uni ty/cha nce

献身于：devote/dedicate/commit on eself to a cause/career

提高技术，能力: sharpen/improve/enhance/boost one ' s skill/ability

加快，促进发展: accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of …开阔眼界：broaden one ' s outlook; expand/enlarge one ' s mental horizons

充满渴望：have a burning desire for..; have a great passi on for..

2) 使用同一个词的不同词性，在句中作不同的成分，带来新颖性，形成变化。

5. 句型的变化

1) 比较级句子

英语通过比较级来表达意思的句子远比汉语多.比如：

a) A young man' first car is less a means of transportation than a monument to his

discovery of youthful freedom. (A young man ' s first car is not a means of transportation,

but a monument to his discovery of youthful freedom.)

b) Success is as much a question of timing as anything else. (Like anything else, success is

a question of timing.)

c) No issue is as basic to in dividual and n ati onal survival as food. (Food is the most basic

issue to in dividual and n ati onal survival.)

2) 同位语句子

同位语有两种功能：归纳和解释?例如：

a) Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of some one else.

b) But whatever sad episodes exist in our past, we must hold a positive view of our history,

a history that has been the story of hopes fulfilled and dreams made into reality .

3) 平行排比句

恰当地使用句子的平行排比，能使文章显得更生动，更有力.

e.g. Our stre ngth makes him strong; our determ in atio n makes him determ in ed; our courage makes him a hero.

4) 后置修饰句

运用后置修饰语可以使文章的表达更简洁.

e.g. There is an almost infinite variety of magazines available to satisfy the rich variety of

in terests and tastes.

5) 插入语

在正常的句子中插入某些成分，也会给句子带来变化.

e.g. At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of this century, a man had to be aggressive and ambitious-- today he has to social and tolerant- -in order to be attractive package .

6) 被动句

在主动句占绝大多数的情况下，被动句能带来一些变化.

e.g. However, very little con trol can be exercised over the media used to gen erate in formati on that comes to you from the outside.

7) 倒装句

倒装句不仅带来句型的丰富，而且在句子的连贯上，平衡上也有一定的作用.

e.g. From that scie nce will come the realizati on that despite tech no logy, man dose not exercise dominion over n ature.

8) 名词化句子

正式文体中，名词化句子的运用显得语言表达更成熟.

e.g. Heavy exposure to TV will interfere with one ' s studies. (Watching too much TV will

affect your studies.)

9) 运用破折号

运用破折号不仅对句子变化有帮助，而且有强调的作用.

6. 作文中常见错误

1. 时态方面的错误

写议论文一般用现在时态。只有举例，提到过去的事才会用到过去时。

2. 主谓，人称等违反一致性方面的错误

写一个句子，乃至一篇文章里人称始终要保持一致，不能一会儿用第三人称，一会儿又用第一人称。

3. 修饰语的位置错误

a) Without television, people can't get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately.

Immediately既可以修饰comes：“得到迅速从各方面传来的消息”，也可以修饰

get：“迅速得到从各方面传来的消息”，意思含糊不清，所以要把它放到can't的后

面。

b) To participate in class discussion , a lot of books have to be read.

不定式短语的逻辑主语决不是0 lot of books，为了把逻辑关系表达清楚，要么把不

定式短语改成If one wants to participate in class discussion,要么把主句改成you have to read a lot of books。

4. 语法结构平行方面的错误

a) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking, and read at home.

用语法平行结构原则来衡量。前面用ing形式，最后一个用动词原形read是不妥

的，为了和do shopping, do banking保持结构上平行，接下来的一个内容要用readi ng。

b) Participating in class discussion is not only good for the pursuit of knowledge, and through it we can also develop

our analytical skills .

同样，在说同样的事时，相邻的句子在语法结构上尽可能要保持一致。后半句宜

改为：It is also ben eficial to the developme nt of our an alytical skills 。

5. 代词用法方面的错误

a) Sometimes teachers will inform stude nts of the difficulty they will meet with in studies.

They既可以指代teachers,也可以代students，明显的是指代不清。其实只要把其

中的一个名词变成单数，用he和they分别代不同的名词就清楚了。女口：Sometimes

a teacher will inform stude nts of the difficulty they will meet with in studies.

b) People have bee n fighti ng aga inst the in flue nee of TV commercials, but it ofte n proves useless.

It指什么？指in flue nee，在ofte n proves useless句子中显然不通。作者知道it指

人们的努力，但effort这个词前面没有出现过，就不能用it,所以要把it改成the effort。

6. 可数名词与不可数名词方面的错误

information, evidenee, advice, knowledge 等是不可数名词，不能用复数。many, a great number of, another, few 等只能与可数名词配用。而 a great amount of, a great deal of, less,

much等须与不可数名词配用。

7. 冠词方面的错误

a) Book kno wledge is importa nt, but we should also lear n someth ing in the society.

b) When I was in the high school, I always had a beautiful picture of the college life.

在没有特指意义时，不能用表示特指的定冠词The。这几句中的the都应去掉。

c) There is a lot of discussion in the class.

表示上课，用手，走路，上学，住院等都不用定冠词：In class, by hand, on foot, go to college, at hospital o

&句子完整方面的错误

a) TV now plays an importa nt role in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.

中文用"因为”引出的句子可以独立，而英文不行，用Because, since, as从句，只能

附属主句：because we cannot live without it。

b) There are many ways to con tact with society. For example, joining clubs, take part time jobs and help the poor.

For example 弓丨出的应是句子：For example we may join clubs, take part time jobs and help the poor.而Such as 引出的只能是词或词组，不能独立成句：Such as joining clubs, taking part time jobs and helping the poor.

c) Un like the movie, TV shows on continu ously, and does n'n eed to pay any extra mon ey.

Doesn'tneed to pay any extra money的主语是什么？显然不是TV。汉语可以说：电视

可以一直看下去，无需再花什么钱。将主语省去，但英语一定要有明显的主语，所以在

doesn'tneed to pay any extra money 前要加上one。

d) Readi ng books can acquire kno wledge.

看上去句子有主语：Reading books。但这是假主语，因为acquire knowledge的主语必须是人。汉语的主语和谓语关系是主题和评论的关系，可以说“读书能获得知识”。但

英语不行，一定要有逻辑主谓关系。因此改成：Through reading one can acquire

kno wledge.

9。过渡词方面的错误

The city is seriously polluted, people have no fresh air to breathe now.

中文可以靠意思本身来连接句子，但英文一定要用过渡词来表示因果，转折或递进关系。

所以这一句可以是The city is so seriously polluted that people have no fresh air to breathe now. 或As the city is seriously polluted, people have no fresh air to breathe now.

10。词语搭配方面的错误

a) We stude nts might lear n more kno wledge through the lecture system.

“学习知识”是作文中常要表达的，但大多数学生总是用错。英语中能和Kn owledge 搭配的不是learn/study而是obtain, acquire, gain等。同样和traffic搭配的不是crowded 而是traffic is rather heavy/busy ;禾口speed, price 搭配的不是fast, expensive，而是The speed/price of the car is high.

b) Open your computer, you can know everyth ing in the world.

Open是打开盖子的意思。打开电脑盖子，只能看到芯片，怎么是everything in the

world，这里应用turn on。打开信也不能用open,而是用unfold the letter。同时People began to eat more vice food 搭配也不对。副食品应是non-staple foodstuff。而副总统，畐U 经理，副教授，副作用分另U是vice preside nt, assista nt man agers, associate professors, side

effects，一定要牢记。

11。词语方面的错误

c) After four years , we all graduated from college and entered society.

过去时里表示四年后，应用Four years later，而不是after fore years，用于表示将来的

四年后，也不用after，而是用介词in: We will all graduate in four years.

d) The computer like TV, it has both adva ntages and disadva ntages.

表示“像”，Like 是介词，这里误用为动词，应是：Like TV, the computer has both advantages and

disadvantages.同样，Obviously, our country would stop develop if no electricity，这里develop的正确用法应是动名词developing，而no也不是动词，表示没有，英语的动词是There is not(no)或have not。

e） In my opinion, I think both the systems must be improved.

In my opinion的意思已经包括在I think里了，用一个就可以了。同样，People try to find

a solution to solve the problem去掉solve意思没有变，但句子简洁多了。

f）The reas on why many stude nts like the lecture system is because it helps them to learn quickly and much more.

句中Reason, why, because都指同一意思，至少要去掉一个。可以改成：Many students like the lecture system because it helps them to learn quickly and much more.

12. 汉式英语表达

1）变化的原因有三点。

（误）The reasons for this change has three points.

（正）There are three reas ons for this cha nge.

2）这样我的英语水平就提高了。

（误）My En glish level has thus improved.

（正）My En glish has thus improved.

3）看电视能开阔眼界。

（误） TV can wide n our eyes.

（正） Watch ing TV can wide n our mind.

4）我不怕热天。

（误）I ' m not afraid of the hot weather.

（正）I don ' t mind the hot weather.

5）我感到书越来越重了。

（误）I feel the books become heavier and heavier.

（正） The books feel heavier and heavier.

8. 超级作文模式

1. 对比选择型

Some people tend to think that 观点一）They point out that 理由?一（Additionally, 理?.（

由二）A case in point is 举例）Therefore, ??小、结）

On the contrary, other people hold the view that 观点二）They argue that 理由一）What ' s

more,..（理由二）As an illustration,..（举例）Accordingly,..（小结）

As far as I am concern ed, I think 我的观点?（The reason is that 理由一）And also ?理

由二）So,…总结自己的观点）

2. 说明利弊型

When ever we hear people say that （主题）we ' ll in sta ntly have the idea that it is a good/bad thing for …某人）lndeed, ?主题）have advantages to …（某人）We can take ???（举例）as an example. It will ben efit 好处一?）（ln additio n, 好处二）

In the mean time, we must realize those disadva ntages of …主题）First of all, ??坏处一）Second,…坏处二）To sum up the above argume nts, I think a proper attitude towards 主题）is that 我的观点）

3. 问题解决型

N owadays, we have to face a problem that 问题"Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem …问题）/It is important for us to …（问题）For instanee ??例一"First, ?原因一）Moreover,..（例二）

/Second,…原因二）

People have figured out many ways to solve the problem./Confronted with …何题）,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. Firstly, 解决方法

一）Secondly,…解决方法二）

Personally, I believe that 我的方法）/To me, I am taking two ways to solve the problem of …（问题）One of them is …我的方法一）The other way is …我的方法二）By now, ways have been working perfectly and efficiently 结果）???（

4. 阐述主题型

A famous saying goes that 名言或谚语）lt means that 释义（）

An example of this case is..（例一）Another case in point is 例二…?（

I like the say ing （名言或谚语），which en courages me 理由（

5. 图表题

From the graph, we know the statistics of..（图表概况）It can easily be seen that 揭示含???（义）

There are many reasons responsible for this instance/change, and the following are the typical ones. For one thing,

理由一）inaddition,..（理由二）The main reason is that 理由三?（However, this graph may not predict the en tire situati on in the future. I believe 前景预

测）/Above all, we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it.

For one thing,..（方法一）For another thing,..（方法二）Still another, 方法三）

9. 信函型作文

英文书信有信头和信尾，有固定的格式。

信头：

2）不知道收信人的姓名：Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Sir/Madam,

3）知道收信人的姓氏，但他并非你的好友:Dear Mr. Jenkins, Dear Ms.

Lang, Dear Dr. Smith, Dear Preside nt Push,

4）收信人是你的朋友：Dear Sue, Dear Michael,

结尾：

1）正式公务信件:Yours very faithfully, Yours very sincerely,

2）非正式的社交书信:Yours si ncerely, Yours truly, With best regards, 总的要求：1）内容明确，简洁。不能漫无边际。

2）措辞诚恳，坦然。不能感情夸张。

1.求职信

求职信通常分成三部分。

1）引言部分要写明如何获得职位空缺，以及自己的态度。这部分的描写要表现出极大的兴趣。

2）文部分主要是证明自己有能力胜任这个职位。这部分内容要具体，不要空洞说自己如何好。

3）结尾部分主要是些客套，如提供的证明文件，希望面谈等。

求职信常用套语：

开头：1) I am applying for the secretary position advertised in the China Daily on April,1.

2) In answer to your ad in today ' China Daily for an computer programmer, I am

writi ng …

3) I have seen your ad in this morning ' s paper for

4) I would like to be con sidered as a can didate for the job

5) I would like to apply for the post/positi on of …

6) I shall be only too glad to have such a chanee to …

正文：1) As you will see from the enclosed resume, I …

2) I am about to graduate from …University in 2005, majoring in computer scienee.

3) I have the n ecessary skills and ability for …

4) I have a good comma nd of En glish as well a s …

5) Although I have little on-the-job experie nee, I am con fide nt my academic trai ning has prepared me to han dle the job.

6) I wish to have a new job in which I can use the advaneed knowledge of computer I acquired.

7) Since your company is well known for …it should be an ideal place for me.

结尾：1) Enclosed are testimonials from my university teachers and my present employer.

2) If these meet your requireme nts, please gra nt me an in terview.

3) I can be reached at 12345678

4) I am look ing forward to heari ng from you and talk ing with you soon.

5) I am look ing forward to an in terview at your convenien ce.

2. 给编辑的信

给编辑的信实际上是一篇小论文：主要是对报刊上某则评论，消息，新闻等发表意见，或赞

成或反对。注意在信的开始要具体引出所要评论的消息或新闻并要明确提出自己的态度，然

后阐述理由并加以论证。

给编辑的信开头常用的句子：

1) I have read your editorial "…..” and I quite go along with the writer ' s view.

2) I have bee n readi ng your n ewspaper for many years with a great en thusiasm and in terest,

but your recent articles and editorials on the ….filled me with deepest disappointment.

3) Gen erally I go along with your ideas, but your edi torial "….” Was shock ing.

3. 询问信

询问信通常分成三部分。1)引言部分：一是自我介绍，二是询问的目的。要让对方觉得你

是可信的，值得帮助的。

2) 正文部分：询问的主要内容。为了对方一目了然，也便于回答，

可以用数字列出具体问题。

3) 结尾部分：真诚地感谢对方。

询问信常用套语：

开头：1) As a student at …university, I am preparing a paper analyzing …

2) Your an swers to the questi ons below would help me complete my paper.

3) I would be grateful if you would supply …

4) The questi ons I n eed an swered are listed below.

正文：1) Will you please send me the releva nt in formati on and applicatio n forms?

2) Could you please send me the forms pf application and a brochure of the graduate program?

结尾：1) Your an swer will con tribute to my project/paper.

2) I would appreciate receiving your answer by April,1.

4. 投诉信

写投诉信要注意几点：1)语气要坚决，但措辞又要礼貌，不宜过分尖锐。

2) 反映问题要明确，具体。

3) 要同时叙述因此带来的不便和损失。

4) 提出解决问题的方案，如赔偿要合理。

5) 结尾既要希望对方尽快解决问题，又要对对方所做的努力表示感

谢，这样有利于问题的解决。

6) —般说来在叙述问题时要用过去时态。

投诉信常用套语：

开头：1) I am returning …which I bought from your store on April,1.

2) I must compla in to you about …

正文：1) It worked perfectly for six days , but …

2) This has put us to great inconvenience.

3) Therefore, I am returning …and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.

结尾：1) I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate atte nti on.

2) Given your excellent/well-deserved reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to …

3) Your compa ny has always represe nted quality service. You have bee n most helpful in

the past, and I am con fide nt that you will, once aga in, solve the problem.

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