国际营销试题库第一部分

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Global Marketing True/False

1. According to our text, the marketing concept is universally applicable and

equally relevant in Argentina and Zimbabwe.

a.True (page 3, easy)

b.False

2.One difference between “regular” marketing and global marketing is the

geographic scope of activities.

a.True (page 3, medium)

b.False

3.In the era of "boundaryless" business, marketing should remain a monopoly

organizational function under the exclusive control of the marketing department.

a.True

b.False (page 3, medium)

4.The value equation discussed in the chapter can be represented as V = P/B.

a.True

b.False (pp. 3-4, medium)

5.When analyzing the marketing history of the Yugo automobile in terms of the

value equation, one can conclude that the product with the lowest price is

guaranteed market success.

a.True

b.False (page 4, medium)

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,petitive advantage is defined as "the concentration of attention on a core

business or competence."

a.True

b.False (page 4, medium)

7.PepsiCo recently divested its restaurant divisions to better concentrate on

beverages and snack foods. This action is consistent with the discussion of focus in

chapter 1.

a.True (page 5, medium)

b.False

8.The strategy developed by Whirlpool CEO David Whitwam reflects his belief that

the appliance industry is globalizing.

a.True (page 8, medium)

b.False

9.Executives at both American and Japanese appliance manufacturers share a

consensus that the appliance industry is globalizing.

a.True

b.False (page 8, medium)

10. A firm’s global marketing strategy is concerned only with issues of marketing mix

adaptation and standardization.

a.True (page 8, medium)

a.False

11.According to Professor Ted Levitt, differences in world markets are sufficient as to

require companies to customize marketing mix elements to local needs and wants

on a country-by-country basis.

a.True

b.False (page 9, hard)

12.The Coca-Cola Company has achieved great success in global marketing by

pursuing a policy of strict standardization of all marketing mix elements.

a. True

a.False (page 9, medium)

13.The Coca-Cola Company has achieved great success in global marketing by

standardizing some marketing mix elements while adapting others.

a. True (page 9, medium)

a.False

14.The rallying cry of the global marketer is "Think locally, act locally."

a. True

a.False (page 9, medium)

15.By definition, a company engaging in global marketing must standardize all

elements of the marketing mix everywhere in the world.

a. True

a.False (page 10, medium)

16.By definition, a company engages in "global marketing" if it conducts business in

at least 100 of the 200-plus countries of the world.

a. True

a.False (page 10, medium)

17. A cornerstone of Harley-Davidson's global marketing strategy is manufacturing in

Mexico and other low-wage countries.

a.True

b.False (page 11, medium)

18. A cornerstone of the Gap's global marketing strategy is manufacturing in

low-wage Asian and Central American countries.

a.True (page 12, medium)

b.False

19.General Electric (GE) and Microsoft are the highest-ranking American companies

in The Wall Street Journal’s annual surve y of the world’s largest corporations by

market capitalization.

a.True (page 14, hard)

b.False

20.General Motors (GM) is the highest-ranking American company in The Wall

Street Journal's annual survey of the world's largest corporations in terms of

market capitalization.

a.True

b. False (page 14, hard)

21.The highest-ranking American company in the annual Fortune 500 survey of

global companies is General Motors (GM).

a.True

b.False (page 15, hard)

22.When comparing the size of global markets in terms of dollar sales, the market for

cigarettes is bigger than the market for cell phones.

a.True (page 16, hard)

b.False

23.Managers at an ethnocentric company believe that the home country is superior

compared with the rest of the world.

a.True (pp. 16-20, medium)

b.False

24.An ethnocentric management orientation is preferable to a geocentric orientation.

a.True

b.False (pp. 16-20, medium)

25.By definition, an ethnocentric company restricts its business activities to the home

country.

a.True

b.False (pp. 16-20, medium)

26.Carl Hahn, the former chairman of Volkswagen, told Harvard Business Review in

1991 that "up to now, Volkswagen has thought that what works in Germany should

work in the United States." This statement can be interpreted as an

acknowledgment that, historically speaking, a polycentric orientation toward

product development prevailed at VW.

a.True

b. False (pp. 16-20, medium)

27.Carl Hahn, the former chairman of Volkswagen, told Harvard Business Review in

1991 that "up to now, Volkswagen has thought that what works in Germany should

work in the United States." This statement represents an acknowledgment that,

historically speaking, an ethnocentric management orientation toward product

development prevailed at VW.

a.True (pp. 16-20, medium)

b.False

28.One strength of a polycentric management orientation is the ability to tailor

marketing strategies to the needs of each local market.

a.True (pp. 16-20, medium)

b.False

29.There is general agreement today among writers, academics, and global marketing

professionals about use of the terms "international," "multinational," "global," and

"transnational."

a.True

b.False (pp. 16-20, medium)

30.At a global or transnational company, management's orientation may be

regiocentric or geocentric.

a.True (pp. 16-20, medium)

b.False

Multiple Choice

31.Which of the following is not one of the 4Ps in the marketing mix:

a.product

b.personnel (page 3, medium)

c.place

d.price

32.Which of the following is the equation that defines customer value as discussed in

Chapter 1:

a.V = P / B

b.V = P + B

c.V = B x P

d.V = B / P (page 3, medium)

33. A German-made Montblanc fountain pen retailing for $250 in the U.S. is a luxury good

that represents an exception to which general principle:

a.the smaller the denominator in the value equation, the higher the overall

value created (page 3, medium)

b.Japanese companies exploited economies of scale to become world-class

competitors

c.the world is becoming more homogeneous

d. higher product development costs are a driving force behind globalization

34.When a company succeeds in creating more value for customers than its competition, that

company is said to enjoy _____________ in an industry.

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,petitive advantage (page 4, medium)

b.value

c.leverage

d.focus

e.scale economies

35.Which of the following does not, at the present time, belong on a list of global industries:

a.automobile parts

b.steel

c.dry cleaning (page 5, medium)

d.pharmaceuticals

36.What do the automobile, steel, and pharmaceutical industries have in common:

a.they are local industries

b.they are domestic industries

c.they are regional industries

d.they are global industries (page 5, medium)

37.According to Michael Porter, a global industry is one in which _________ can be

achieved by integrating and leveraging operations on a worldwide scale.

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,petitive advantage(page 4, medium)

b.the marketing mix

c.focus

d.EPRG

38.By definition, __________ is the result of a match between a firm's distinctive

competencies and the factors critical for creating superior customer value in an industry.

a.focus

b.value

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,petitive advantage (page 4, medium)

d.leverage

39.PepsiCo recently divested its restaurant divisions. A new company, YUM! Brands, is

comprised of Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC. By spinning off the restaurants, PepsiCo

management will be able to concentrate its attention on the beverage and snack foods

industries. PepsiCo's actions illustrate the concept of:

a.leverage

b.standardized global marketing

c.ethnocentric orientation

d.focus (page 5, medium)

40.The former chairman of Nestlé recently told an interviewer: “We are food and beverages.

We are not running bicycle shops. Even in food we are not in all fields. There are certain areas we do not touch. Also, we have no soft drinks because I have said we either buy

Coca-Cola or we leave it alone.” What strategic marketing principle does the chairman’s comment emphasize most specifically:

a.customer value

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,petitive advantage

c.focus (page 5, medium)

d.myopia

41.Which of the following most accurately describes Seagram Company:

a.Seagram recently changed its focus from beverages to entertainment

b.Seagram's businesses are equally divided between beverages and entertainment

c.Seagram was recently acquired by Vivendi

d.exited both the beverage and entertainment businesses

e.both a and c (page 7, medium)

42.Writing in the Harvard Business Review about "The Globalization of Markets,"

Theodore Levitt observed that:

a.the world is becoming more heterogeneous

b.the world is becoming more homogeneous (page 9, medium)

c.the 4Ps do not apply to global marketing

d.products should be adapted to needs and wants on a market-by-market basis

43.Two decades ago, professor Ted Levitt wrote a classic Harvard Business Review article

titled “The Globalization of Markets.” Which of the following statements about the

author and the article is accurate:

a.Levitt urged companies to adopt products on a country-by-country basis.

b.There was universal agreement about his thesis that the world is becoming

homogeneous.

c.Levitt urged companies to develop standardized products that could be

marketed worldwide with little adaptation. (page 9, medium)

d.Levitt warned of the coming backlash against globalization.

44.The rallying cry of the global marketer is:

a."Think globally, act globally"

b."Think globally, act locally" (page 9, medium)

c."Think locally, act locally"

d."Think locally, act globally"

45. A company that engages in global marketing:

a.pursues a "one size fits all" strategy by creating identical products for

homogeneous markets

b.customizes special products for each world country or region

c.creates both standardized and localized products (page 9, medium)

d.nurtures an ethnocentric management orientation

46. A fir m’s global marketing strategy addresses which of the following issues:

a.standardization versus adaptation of the marketing mix

b.global market participation

c.coordination of marketing activities

d.integration of competitive moves

e.all of the above (pp. 8-9, easy)

47. A firm’s global marketing strategy is concerned with standardization versus adaptation

of the marketing mix; global market participation; coordination of marketing activities;

and:

a.integration of competitive moves (pp. 8-9, medium)

b.implementation of a myopia initiatives

c.ensuring an ethnocentric mindset

d.establishing boundaries for the marketing function

48.The term global localization suggests that global marketers:

a.must embrace paradox. (pp. 9-10, medium)

b.need an ethnocentric mindset.

c.can ignore customer preferences in individual countries.

d.should focus on consumer markets rather than industrial ones

49.Which bank uses the slogan “The world’s local bank” in its advertising:

a.Citicorp

b.HSBC (page 11, medium)

c.Wells Fargo

d.Barclays

50.Which of the following correctl y states McDonald’s approach to standardization and

adaptation of the marketing mix:

a.McDonald’s standardizes some product elements and adapts others

b.McDonald’s standardizes some place elements and adapts others

c.McDonald’s standardizes some promotion elemen ts and adapts others

d.McDonald’s standardizes some price elements and adapts others

e.all of the above (page 12, easy)

51.Measured by national income, the United States represents the world's largest single

market for goods and services. Roughly what percentage of world income is found

outside the U.S.:

a.25%

b.50%

c.75% (page 13, medium)

d.95%

52.Measured by national income, Japan represents the world's second largest single market

for goods and services. What percentage of world income is found outside Japan:

a.40%

b.55%

c.70%

d.85% (page 13, medium)

53.Measured by national income, the U.S. represents the world’s largest single market for

goods and services while Japan represents the world’s second largest single market.

What percentage of world income is found outside the U.S. and Japan, respectively:

a.outside U.S. 75%; outside Japan 85% (page 13, medium)

b.outside Japan 85%, outside U.S. 75%

c.outside U.S. 60%, outside Japan 70%

d.U.S. and Japan account for 50%; rest of world, 50%

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,paring and contrasting the respective positions of GE and GM in rankings, one can

say that, in the late 1990s:

a.GE and GM were tied in the Fortune Global 500 ranking of company size by

revenue

b.GE and GM were tied in the Wall Street Journal ranking of corporate market

capitalization (stock price x shares outstanding)

c.GE topped the market capitalization rankings, while Wal-Mart topped the

revenue rankings (page 14, medium)

d.GM topped the market capitalization rankings, while GE topped the revenue

rankings

55.The home country of the largest company in the Fortune Global 500 revenue ranking is:

a.Germany

b.Great Britain

c.United States (page 15, medium)

d.Japan

56.The highest-ranked European company in the 2003 Fortune Global 500 survey was:

a.DaimlerChrysler

b.Royal Dutch/Shell Group

c.Unilever

d.Royal Philips Electronics (page 15, hard)

e.Volkswagen

57.Which author warns that globalization and the rise of global corporations will lead to

social upheaval and a breakdown in the global system:

a.J. Servan-Schreiber (The American Challenge)

b.K. Ohmae (The Borderless World)

c.T. Levitt (The Globalization of Markets)

d.T. Friedman (The Lexus and the Olive Tree)

e.W. Greider (One World, Ready or Not) (page 16, medium)

58.As discussed in Chapter 1, what do Nissan, Eli Lilly & Company, and Robert Mondavi

Winery have in common:

a.at one time, they exhibited characteristics of ethnocentric international

companies (pp. 16-20 , medium)

b.at one time, they exhibited characteristics of polycentric, multinational companies

c.at one time, they shifted from a geocentric to an ethnocentric orientation

d.at one time, they exhibited characteristics of ethnocentric transnational companies

59.New World Corp. has done business in the home country for decades. Management now

wants to "go global" by using the same business philosophies they have always used

because "if it's good enough for our customers at home it's good enough for the rest of the world." What management orientation is in evidence at New World?

a.ethnocentric (pp. 16-20, medium)

b.polycentric

c.regiocentric

d.geocentric

60.Until the mid-1990s, America Online accepted only English-language messages in many

of its discussion areas. Supervisors deleted messages posted in Spanish and Portuguese. As described here, what management orientation was in evidence at America Online:

a.ethnocentric (pp. 16-20, medium)

b.polycentric

c.regiocentric

d.geocentric

Chapter 2 Economic Environment

True/False

1.Russia’s economic woes in the late 1990s were the result of a sudden increase in

the value of the ruble.

a.True

b.False (page 45, easy)

2.The dollar value of worldwide capital movements exceeds the value of

merchandise and services trade.

a.True (page 47, medium)

b.False

3.The dollar value of worldwide merchandise and services trade exceeds the value of

worldwide foreign exchange transactions and capital movements.

a.True

b.False (page 47, medium)

4.The phrase “a $1.5 trillion day” accurately describes the daily volume of goods

and services trade.

a.True

b.False (page 47, medium)

5.The phrase "a $1.5 trillion day" could be used to describe the daily volume of

capital movements in world markets.

a.True (page 47, medium)

b.False

6.According to the text, the value of daily foreign exchange transactions is $1.5

trillion.

a.True (page 47, medium)

b.False

7.According to the text, the value of daily foreign exchange transactions is $1.5

billion.

a.True

b.False (page 47, medium)

8.The foreign exchange market, rather than trade in goods and services, has become

the driving force of today's world economy.

a.True (page 47, medium)

b.False

9.In the United States, manufacturing's share of gross domestic product declined

during the 1990s.

a.True (page 47, medium)

b.False

10.All market allocation economic systems—e.g., the United States and

Japan—function identically.

a.True

b.False (page 49, easy)

11.The phrase "centrally-planned socialism" accurately described the Soviet Union

during the Communist era.

a.True (pp. 49-50, medium)

b.False

12.In a command allocation system such as Cuba, the elements of the marketing mix

are used as strategic variables.

a.True

b.False (pp. 49-50, medium)

13.Most economic systems in the world today are "pure" market allocation systems.

a.True

b.False (page 50, medium)

14.Most economic systems in the world today incorporate elements of both market

allocation and command allocation systems.

a.True (page 50, easy)

b.False

15.According to the Heritage Foundation, the country with the highest degree of

economic freedom is the United States.

a.True

b.False (pp. 52-54, easy)

16.According to the Heritage Foundation, the country with the highest degree of

economic freedom is Hong Kong.

a.True (pp. 52-54, easy)

b.False

17.The largest percentage of the world's population lives in high-income countries

with GNP per capita >$9,266.

a.True

b.False (page 54, medium)

18.The largest percentage of the world's population lives in low-income countries

with GNP per capita <$755.

a.True (page 54, easy)

b.False

19.The largest percentage of the world's population lives in lower-middle-income

countries with GNP per capita ≥$755 but ≤$2,995.

a.True

b.False (page 54, medium)

20.Among BEMs, India and Indonesia are classified as low-income countries.

a.True (page 56, medium)

b.False

21.Among BEMs, China and South Africa are classified as lower-middle-income

countries.

a.True (page 57, medium)

b.False

22.With a per capita income of $425, Vietnam ranks about 40th from the bottom of the

world’s income rankings. According to criteria established by the United Nations, this means that Vietnam would be considered a least-developed nation.

a.True (page 57, medium)

b.False

23.Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, and Poland are all BEMs that are categorized

as upper-middle-income nations.

a.True (pp. 58-59, easy)

b.False

24.According to recent research, people living in low-income countries are too busy

fulfilling basic needs to waste money on non-essential goods.

a.True

b.False (pp. 59-60, easy)

25.According to recent research, the goods that people in low-income countries buy

are priced so low that it is impossible for a company to market products at a profit.

a.True

b.False(pp. 59-60, easy)

26.The G7 is comprised of low-income countries.

a.True

b.False (page 62, easy)

27.The only Big Emerging Market (BEM) that can be categorized as a high-income

nation is South Korea.

a.True (page 62, easy)

b.False

28.The only Big Emerging country that can be categorized as a high-income nation is

South Africa.

a.True

b.False (page 62, easy)

29.Both the G7 and the OECD are comprised exclusively of high-income countries.

a.True

b.False (p. 62, easy)

30.In a Chapter 2 sidebar, Scotland is identified as the "Celtic Tiger."

a.True

b.False (page 64, easy)

Multiple Choice

31.Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the world economic

scene today:

a.the "capitalism vs. socialism" struggle is over

b.production has become uncoupled from employment

c.trade, not capital movements, is the driving force

d.the world economy dominates

e.all are accurate descriptions (page 47, medium)

32.Worldwide, foreign exchange transactions valued at approximately $1.5 trillion

are executed on a daily basis. This fact supports which point about today’s world

economic environment:

a.capital movements, not trade, is a key driving force (page 47,

medium)

b.production has become uncoupled from employment

c.the world economy dominates

d.the capitalism vs. socialism struggle is largely over

33.In the United States, manufacturing's share of gross domestic product (GDP) is:

a.between 70 and 80 percent

b.between 50 and 60 percent

c.between 30 and 40 percent

d.less than 20 percent (page 47, hard)

34.Which of the following is true about economic output in China today:

a.the state sector accounts for about 75 percent of output

b.the state and private sectors each account for about 50 percent of output

c.the private sector accounts for about 75 percent of output (page 47,

hard)

d.the private sector is virtually nonexistent in China

35.________________ describes a country's economic system in terms of "hardware"

and "software" using terms such as DOScapital 1.0:

a.William Greider

b.Thomas L. Friedman (page 51, mediem)

c.Daniel Yergin

d.Bono

36.A(n) ________________ economic system is one that relies upon consumers to

allocate resources.

a.BEM

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,mand resource allocation

c.OECD

d.market resource allocation (pp. 49-52, easy)

37.In a ________________ economic system, the state has broad powers to serve the

public interest as it sees fit, including deciding which products to make and how to make them.

a.BEM

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,mand allocation (pp. 49-52, easy)

c.market allocation

d.OECD

38.An economic system in which resources are allocated by market forces but are

predominantly under state ownership is known as:

a.market capitalism

b.centrally-planned capitalism

c.market socialism (pp. 49-52, medium)

d.centrally-planned socialism

39.Which type of economic system is characterized by market resource allocation and

private resource ownership:

a.market capitalism (pp. 49-52, easy)

b.centrally-planned capitalism

c.market socialism

d.centrally-planned socialism

40.Which type of economic system is characterized by command resource allocation

and private resource ownership:

a.market capitalism

b.centrally-planned capitalism (pp. 49-52, medium)

c.market socialism

d.centrally-planned socialism

41.Which type of economic system is characterized by market resource allocation and

state resource ownership:

a.market capitalism

b.centrally-planned capitalism

c.market socialism (pp. 49-52, medium)

d.centrally-planned socialism

42.Which type of economic system is characterized by command resource allocation

and state resource ownership:

a.market capitalism

b.centrally-planned capitalism

c.market socialism

d. centrally-planned socialism (pp. 49-52, easy)

43.Which of the following accurately reflects the views of authors William Greider

and Daniel Yergin:

a.Marxism has been vanquished as an alternative economic system

b.socialists are embracing capitalism

https://www.docsj.com/doc/d94614587.html,ernments are selling off companies they had nationalized

d.the state is decamping from "the commanding heights"

e.all of the above reflect the authors' views (pp. 51-52, easy)

44.According to analysis by the Heritage Foundation, which of the following ranks

number one in the world in terms of economic freedom:

a.Hong Kong (page 53, easy)

b.United States

c.Singapore

d.Japan

e.Taiwan

45.Which of the following statements about the “Asian flu” is most accurate:

a.the economic impact was restricted to Indonesia

b.the economic impact was restricted to Asia

c.the economic impact was restricted to Asia and Latin America

d.the economic impact spread from Asia and Latin America to the

United States (page 54, medium)

46.Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of low-income countries:

a.low percentage of population engaged in agriculture (page 55,

medium)

b.high birth rates

c.low literacy rates

d.heavy reliance on foreign aid

e.all are general characteristics

47.Which of the following best describes low-income countries:

a.high percentage of population engaged in agriculture

b.heavy reliance on foreign aid

c.political instability

d.high birth rates

e.all of the above(page 55, easy)

48.Global marketers should take note of the fact that almost half of the world's

population is located in:

a.low-income countries (page 55, easy)

b.lower-middle-income countries

c.upper-middle-income countries

d.high-income countries

49.Global marketers should note that more than 80 percent of the world's economic

output is accounted for by:

a.low-income countries

b.lower-middle-income countries

c.upper-middle-income countries

d. high-income countries (page 55, easy)

50.Which of the following Big Emerging Markets (BEMs) can be classified as “low

income”:

a.Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa

b.Poland, Turkey, and Indonesia

c.India and Indonesia (page 56, medium)

d.South Korea

51.Which of the following Big Emerging Markets (BEMs) can be classified as

“lower-middle income”:

a.China and South Africa (page 57, easy)

b.Poland, Turkey, and Indonesia

c.Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa

d.South Korea

52.The United Nations classifies the 50 countries that rank lowest in per capita

income as:

a.the Triad

b.NIEs

c.BEMs

d.LDCs (page 57, easy)

53.According to the authors of the Harvard Business Review article “Selling to the World’s

Poor,” which of the following is a mistaken assumption that global companies might have about the “bottom of the pyramid”:

a.The poor have no money.

b.The poor are too concerned with fulfilling basic needs to “waste” money on

non-essential goods.

c.The goods sold in developing markets are so inexpensive that there is no room for

a new market entrant to make a profit.

d.People in BOP markets cannot use advanced technology.

e.all of the above are mistaken assumptions discussed by the authors

(pp. 59-60, easy)

54.Which of the following Big Emerging Markets (BEMs) can be classified as

“upper-middle income”:

a.China and India

b.Indonesia

c.Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, and Poland (pp. 58-59, medium)

d.South Africa

55.Which CEO has undertaken an initiative called eInclusion to make information

technology products and services available to consumers in low-income countries:

a.Ted Waitt (Gateway)

b.Bill Gates (Microsoft)

c.Steve Jobs (Apple)

d.Carly Fiorina (Hewlett-Packard) (page 60, hard)

56.Which two companies are sourcing product components from small-scale

enterprises in Brazil:

a.Ford Motor Company and Armani

b.DaimlerChrysler and Hermes (page 60, hard)

c.General Motors and Hugo Boss

d.Volkswagen and Coach

57.Which country has used advertising to inform consumers about the fur trade's role

in sustaining the livelihoods of indigenous peoples and small-scale businesses:

a.Australia

b.Canada (page 61, medium)

c.Russia

d.Norway

58.Which of the following Big Emerging Markets (BEMs) can be classified as “high

income”:

a.China and India

b.Poland, Turkey, and Indonesia

c.Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa

d.South Korea (page 62, medium)

59.Which of the following is a characteristic of a postindustrial society:

a.codification of theoretical knowledge

b.service sector accounts for more than 50% of GNP

c.knowledge, not capital, is key strategic resource

d.scientists more important than semiskilled workers

e.all are characteristics (pp. 61-62, medium)

60.When global marketers speak of the "Triad," they are referring to:

a.China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong

b.Japan, Singapore, and Indonesia

c.North America, Western Europe, and Japan (pp. 63-64, easy)

d.Canada, the U.S., and Mexico

Chapter 4 – Social and Cultural Environments

True/False

1.As noted at the beginning of Chapter 4, France and America see eye-to-eye on

most issues of mutual interest.

a.True

b.False (page 117, medium)

2.The fields of anthropology and sociology offer few insights about culture that

global marketers can use.

a.True

b.False (page 119, medium)

3.Anthropological research offers support for the view that cultural behavior is

innate, i.e., present at birth.

a.True

b.False (page 119, medium)

4.Cooking, music, and status differentiation are examples of cultural universals.

a.True

b.False (page 119, medium)

5.Some sociologists assert that production is a defining hallmark of postmodern

society in the 21st century.

a.True

b.False (pp. 119-120, medium)

6.Some sociologists assert that consumption is a defining hallmark of postmodern

society in the 21st century.

a.True (pp. 119-120, medium)

b.False

7.“Pub culture,” “fast-food culture,” and similar notions are exceptions to the trend

towards global consumer cultures.

a.True

b.False (page 120, medium)

8.By definition, attitudes are “organized patterns of knowledge that an individual

holds to be true about th e world.”

a.True

b.False (page 120, medium)

9.By definition, beliefs are “organized patterns of knowledge that an individual

holds to be true about the world.”

a.True (page 120, medium)

b.False

10.Japan and other Asian cultures favor consensus and group decision making in

business dealings.

a.True (page 120, medium)

b.False

11.KFC is cited in Chapter 4 as an American fast-food company that has made

effective use of religious marketing themes in Indonesia and other Muslim

countries.

a.True (page 120, medium)

b.False

12.Perceptions of attributes ascribed to different colors are fixed and do not vary from

country to country.

a.True

b.False (pp. 121-123, medium)

13.White is considered a lucky color in China.

a.True

b.False (pp. 121-123, medium)

14.As a component of abstract (as opposed to physical) culture, many forms of music

exhibit the same “think global, act local” paradox that is at the heart of global

marketing.

a.True (pp. 123-124, medium)

b.False

15.Because music is a cultural universal, advertisers can always use the same music in

broadcast advertisements that are shown in different countries.

a.True

b.False (page 124, medium)

16.Advertising at Nissan Motor is centralized, and headquarters requires that music

and other advertising elements be standardized across world markets.

a.True

b.False (page 124, medium)

17.Visa, American Express, and MasterCard are forecasting significant global growth

because marketing efforts are expected to result in the development of favorable attitudes towards credit cards.

a.True (page 124, medium)

b.False

18.Global growth for Visa, American Express, and MasterCard will be limited

because, in many cultures, the prevailing attitude is that credit cards are inferior to cash.

a.True

b.False (page 124, medium)

19.McDonald’s successful global exp ansion has been made possible in part because

of the growing worldwide acceptance of “fast food culture.”

a.True (pp.124-125, medium)

b.False

20.In terms of dollar value, wine and other alcoholic beverages are the number 1

category of American imports from France.

a.True

b.False (page 125, medium)

21.In terms of dollar value, aircraft equipment and parts are the number 1 category of

American imports from France.

a.True (page 125, medium)

b.False

22.In India, local companies have an advantage over global ones when it comes to

understanding food and drink preferences.

a.True (pp. 125-126, easy)

b.False

23.Le fooding is a term that has been banned by France’s Ministry of Culture.

a.True

b.False (page 126, medium)

24.The Jollibee fast-food chain in the Philippines is a wholly owned subsidiary of

McDonald’s.

a.True

b. False (page 127, medium)

25.In linguistics, semiotics is the study of signs and their meanings.

a.True (pp. 126-127, medium)

b.False

26.Syntax is the aspect of linguistics that deals with meanings of words.

a.True

b.False (pp. 126-127, medium)

27.When Hearst Corporation launched Good Housekeeping magazine in Japan, the

only adaptation was translating each issue from English into Japanese.

a.True

b.False (page 128, medium)

28.Diesel founder Renzo Rosso has asserted that his brand’s name is one o f the few

words pronounced the same in every language. To a linguist, this comment is best understood within the context of phonology.

a.True

b.False (page 128, medium)

29.Non-verbal communication cues play a greater role in Japan than in the United

States.

a.True (page 129, medium)

b.False

30.In Japan, consumer products that bear messages in English, French, or German are

doomed to failure unless great care is taken to ensure accurate translation of the

intended meaning into Japanese.

a.True

b.False (page 130, medium)

Multiple Choice

31.__________ can be defined as “the ways of living, built up by a group of human

beings, that are transmitted from one generation to another.”

a.Religion

b.Culture (page 119, easy)

c.Economics

d.Self-actualization

32.The cultural environment of a country is best defined by which characteristics:

a.standard of living and stage of economic development

b.production process and standards of measurement

c.values, attitudes, and symbols (pp. 119-120, medium)

d.degree of nationalism and economic community membership

33.The view that culture is “the collective programming of the mind” is associated

with:

a.Abraham Maslow

b.Geert Hofstede (page 119, medium)

c.Edward Hall

d.James Lee

e.George Murdock

34.“Fast-food culture,” “credit card culture,” and “pub culture” are cited in Chapter 4

as examples of:

a.low-context cultures

b.high-context cultures

c.cultural universals

d.SRC cultures

e.none of the above (page 120, medium)

35.By definition, __________ are “organized patterns of knowledge that an individual holds

to be true about the world.”

a.attitudes

b.values

c.beliefs (page 120, medium)

d.aesthetics

36.By definition, a(n) __________ is a “learned tendency to respond in a consistent way to a

given object or entity.”

a.attitude (page 120, medium)